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anatomy final
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Two major cavities of the human body are: | ventral/dorsal. |
| Mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, and endoplasmic reticulum are examples of: | organelles. |
| The abdominal quadrants are located with what structure as their midpoint? | Umbilicus |
| A sagittal section divides the body into _____ portions. | right and left |
| A frontal section divides the body into _____ portions. | front and back |
| An organization of many similar cells that are specialized to perform a certain function is called a(n): | tissue. |
| Several kinds of tissues working together are termed a(n): | organ |
| A surgeon removing a gallbladder should know to find it in the _____ region. | right hypochondriac |
| Which of the following is not one of the characteristics of life? | Balance |
| An organ is one organizational level higher than a(n): | tissue. |
| An example of a catabolic process is: | hydrolysis |
| The most abundant and important compound(s) in the body is(are): | water |
| The atomic number of carbon is 6. How many unpaired electrons are in its outer shell? | Four |
| Which of the following elements is least likely to combine with another element? | Helium |
| Carbon has an atomic number of 6. The number of electrons found in the first shell is: | two. |
| Atomic mass is determined by the number of: | protons and neutrons. |
| Which of the following bonds are the weakest? | Hydrogen |
| A magnesium atom has an atomic number of 12, an atomic mass of 25, and a +2 charge. This atom would contain _____ protons, _____ neutrons, and _____ electrons. | 12; 13; 10 |
| As the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) increases, the: | solution becomes more acidic. |
| An ionic bond is formed by: | a positive and a negative ion attracting each other. |
| The structure in cells that is associated with the enzymatic breakdown (digestion) of foreign material is the: | lysosome. |
| Granules or threads within the nucleus are called: | chromatin. |
| Which of the following does not describe a structure or function of the proteasome? Breaking down abnormal and misfolded proteins released from the ER, Looks like a hollow cylindrical drum made of protein subunits,Requires the small protein called ubiquit | all are correct |
| Which cell fiber serves as part of our “cellular muscles?” | Microfilament |
| Rafts are stiff groupings of membrane molecules. What is their function? | Help organize the various components of the plasma membrane Play an important role in the pinching of a parent cell into two daughter cells Sometimes allow the cell to form depressions that form a means of carrying substances into the cell |
| A list of the cell fibers from largest to smallest would read: | microtubules, intermediate filaments, microfilaments. |
| In the cell membrane, the hydrophilic part of the phospholipid molecule: | faces the exterior of the cell. faces the interior of the cell. |
| The barrier function of the plasma membrane is accomplished by the: | phospholipid bilayer. |
| The presence of which substance in the cell membrane keeps it from breaking too easily? | Cholesterol |
| DNA is a major constituent of which cell organelle? | Nucleus |
| The conducting unit of the nerve tissue is the | neuron |
| All glands in the body can be classified as either | exocrine or endocrine. |
| Which of the following is not a type of connective tissue? | cardiac |
| The fluid environment that fills the spaces between the cells of the body is called | extracellular matrix. |
| Which of the following contains intercalated disks? | cardiac muscle |
| Which of the following tissues lacks a direct blood supply and consequently heals very slowly? | cartilage |
| The mixed secretions of sebaceous and ceruminous glands form a brown waxy substance called the | cerumen. |
| The strongest and most durable type of cartilage is | fibrocartilage. |
| Which of the following is an example of a serous membrane? pleura, peritoneum, pericardium, All are correct | all are correct |
| The two major categories of body membranes are | epithelial and connective. |
| Of the five metacarpal bones that form the framework of the hand, the _____ metacarpal forms the most freely movable joint with the carpal bones. | thumb |
| The extracellular components of bone matrix are | hard and calcified. |
| Which of the following is a bone in the axial skeleton? | vertebra |
| Which of these pelvic bones is the most anteriorly placed? | pubis |
| Which of the following is not a bone in the leg? | mandible |
| The dense, white fibrous membrane that covers bone except at joint surfaces is the | periosteum. |
| Anatomically speaking, which bones compose the wrist? | carpals |
| The bone that claims the distinction of being the only bone in the body that articulates with no other bones is the | hyoid |
| Compact bone contains many cylinder-shaped structural units called | osteons. |
| The joint between the pubic portions of each coxal bone is the | pubic symphysis. |
| Which letter indicates a deep hemispherical socket where all three pelvic bones intersect? | C |
| When an athlete injures a muscle of the hamstring group, the injury is on the: | posterior thigh. |
| The action of the brachialis muscle is to _____ the forearm. | flex |
| The posterior arm muscle that extends the forearm is the: | triceps brachii. |
| The soleus muscle is an example of a _____ muscle. | pennate |
| The Achilles tendon is common to both the gastrocnemius and the soleus. true false | true |
| Another name for a skeletal muscle cell is a(n): | muscle fiber. |
| Muscles that move the upper arm originate on the: | clavicle and scapula. |
| There are more than 600 muscles in the body. true false | true |
| Another name for a sphincter muscle is a _____ muscle. | circular |
| The muscle that flexes the semipronated or semisupinated forearm is the: | brachioradialis. |
| Most unipolar neurons are usually: | sensory neurons. |
| Which is true of a reflex arc? It does not involve the brain. It always consists of an afferent neuron and an efferent neuron. It always consists of an afferent neuron, an efferent neuron, and an interneuron. It always consists of an afferent neuron, | It always consists of an afferent neuron and an efferent neuron. |
| A neuron that has only one axon but several dendrites is classified as a _____ neuron. | multipolar |
| The part of the nervous system that transmits impulses from the CNS to the skeletal muscle is the: | somatic nervous system. |
| Along a neuron, the correct pathway for impulse conduction is: | dendrite, cell body, and axon. |
| The afferent pathways of the autonomic nervous system: | carry feedback information to integrating centers in the brain. |
| The autonomic nervous system does not stimulate: | skeletal muscles. |
| The nervous system can be divided: according to its structure. according to direction of information flow. by control of effectors. All above | in all of the above ways. |
| The efferent pathways of the autonomic nervous system consist of the ________ nervous systems. | sympathetic and parasympathetic |
| Which of the following compounds cannot cross the blood-brain barrier? | Dopamine |
| The nerve commonly called the vagus nerve is the _____ cranial. | tenth |
| The spinal nerves are connected to the spinal cord and consist of _____ pairs. | 31 |
| If you were to damage some of the preganglionic fibers that enter the celiac ganglion, what effect would this have on sympathetic stimulation? | Hormones secreted by the adrenal medulla may not reach the various sympathetic effectors, thus delaying the effects of sympathetic stimulation. |
| The pyramids are formed in the: | medulla. |
| Nerve fibers of the spinothalamic tract are: | sensory |
| Conduction to autonomic effectors requires only one efferent neuron. true false | false |
| Several “vital centers” are located in the: | medulla |
| All of the following are characteristics of sympathetic preganglionic neurons except: | they have long fibers from CNS to ganglion. |
| The part(s) of the cerebrum associated with anger, fear, and sorrow is (are) the: | limbic system. |
| Beta receptors: | bind norepinephrine. |
| Identify the letter that indicates a "master gland" that secretes at least nine hormones. | A |
| In the diagram above, following the sensation of touch from the skin up the spinal cord to the brain, what is the final destination (the blue area) called? | Primary somatosensory cortex |
| Pyramid-shaped gland consisting of neural crest-derived cells and endocrine secretory cells. | adrenal gland |
| Which of the following statements does not correctly describe the spiral organ of Corti? | The tectorial membrane bends with vibrations, whereas the basilar membrane is rigid and fixed. |
| Bony labyrinth structure containing the utricle and saccule. | vestibule |
| Gustatory cells are located in all of the following areas except | on the apical surface of vallate papillae on the tongue. |
| Which endocrine gland stores enough of its hormone extracellularly to last several months? | the thyroid |
| Class of hormones secreted during chronic stress that depress immune function. | glucocorticoids |
| Which of the following endocrine glands develops primarily from the endoderm of the pharynx? | thyroid and parathyroids |
| Gel-like structure embedded with the tips of cochlear hair cells. | tectorial membrane |
| Hormone that inhibits osteoclast activity in children. | calcitonin |
| Which of the following areas has the highest concentration of cones? | the fovea centralis |
| Identify the letter that indicates the renal artery. | A |
| Renal veins drain blood from the | kidneys |
| Which division of the autonomic nervous system sends fibers to the heart? | both A and B |
| The heart has its own special covering, a loose-fitting inextensible sac called the | pericardium |
| During fetal circulation, what opening in the septum, between the right and left atria, directs most of the blood so that it bypasses the fetal lungs? | foramen ovale |
| The term blood type refers to the type of blood cell | antigen. |
| Atria are often called _____ because they receive blood from vessels called veins. | receiving chambers |
| Microscopic vessels that carry blood from small arteries to small veins are | capillaries. |
| The normal cardiac impulse that initiates mechanical contraction of the heart arises in the | SA node. |
| All of the following are granulocytes except neutrophils. eosinophils. lymphocytes. basophils. | lymphocytes. |
| A graphic record of the heart’s electrical activity is a(n) | ECG. |
| Identify the letter that indicates the smallest lymphatic vessel that collects lymph in the peripheral tissue. | B |
| Identify the letter that indicates a vessel that carries oxygenated blood to peripheral tissues. | C |
| Recognition of antigens by antibodies occurs when an | Antigen's epitopes fit into and bind to an antibody molecule's antigen-binding sites |
| The presentation of an antigen by an antigen-presenting cell activates the T cell. The cell then divides repeatedly to form a clone of identical sensitized T cells that form | effector T cells and memory cells. |
| _____ refers to a phenomenon in which the genetic characteristics common to a particular kind of organism provide defense against certain pathogens. | Species resistance |
| Because T cells attack pathogens more directly, T-cell immune mechanisms are classified as _____ immunity. | cell-mediated |
| The internal environment of the human body is protected by the _____, which is(are) referred to as the first line of defense. | skin |
| Adaptive immunity, part of the body’s third line of defense, is orchestrated by two different classes of a type of white blood cell called the | lymphocyte. |
| During their residence in the thymus, pre-T cells develop into _____, cells that proliferate as rapidly as any in the body. | thymocytes |
| The functions of the lymph nodes are | defense and hematopoiesis. |
| The lymphatic system serves various functions in the body. The two most important functions of this system are | fluid balance and immunity. |
| Which antibody is synthesized by immature B cells and then inserted into their plasma membranes? | immunoglobulin M |
| The approximate length of the trachea, or windpipe, is _____ cm. | 11 |
| The eustachian tube connects the middle ear with the: | nasopharynx. |
| The respiratory portion of the nasal passage is lined with a mucous membrane made up of _____ epithelium. | pseudostratified columnar |
| The function of surfactant is to: | prevent each alveolus from collapsing as air moves in and out during respiration. |
| Which of the following is not lined with a ciliated mucous membrane? | Vestibule |
| The upper respiratory tract includes all of the following structures except the: | trachea. |
| The lower border of the cavity of the larynx is formed by the: | cricoid cartilage. |
| The small openings in the cribriform plate function to: | allow branches of the olfactory nerve to enter the cranial cavity and reach the brain. |
| In the right lung, the superior and middle lobes are separated by the: | horizontal fissure. |
| Olfactory epithelium is found: | covering the superior turbinate. |
| The proper anatomical order for the divisions of the colon is: | ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid. |
| All of the following are classified as accessory organs of the digestive system except the: | mouth |
| The flap of tissue suspended from the midpoint of the posterior border of the soft palate is the: | uvula |
| The type of tissue designed for absorption and secretion found throughout much of the GI tract is _____ epithelium. | simple columnar |
| The longest portion of the small intestine is the: | ileum. |
| A barium enema study is used to detect and locate: polyps. tumors. diverticula. all of the above | all of the above. all of the above. all of the above. all of the above. all of the above. all of the above. all of the above. all of the above. all of the above. all of the above. |
| Phagocytic cells lining liver sinusoids are called _____ cells. | Kupffer |
| Which of the following organs has a mucosa layer composed of stratified squamous epithelium that resists abrasion? | Esophagus |
| Which of the following papillae of the tongue lack taste buds? | Filiform |
| The mechanism for voiding begins with: | the relaxation of the internal sphincter. |
| The normal osmotic pressure of the capsular filtrate is _____ mm Hg. | 0 |
| One difference between the male urethra and the female urethra is the male urethra is: | part of two different body systems. |
| Which of the following is not a part of the glomerular-capsular membrane? | Parietal layer of the glomerular capsule |
| Which of these statements is not true of the kidney? The kidney is usually located next to the vertebrae from T12 to L3. The kidney is retroperitoneal. The kidney is protected by a heavy layer of fat. ALL ARE true | all are true |
| Under normal conditions, most nutrients are reabsorbed in which portion of the nephron? | Proximal tubule |
| In the kidney, blood flows from the interlobular artery into the: | afferent arteriole. |
| Of all the blood pumped per minute by the heart, approximately ____ goes through the kidneys. | 1/5 |
| The shape of the kidney could best be described as _____-shaped. | bean |
| Urine is conducted from the kidney to the urinary bladder through a tube called the: | ureter. |
| The layer that is incomplete because it covers none of the cervix and only part of the body is called the: | parietal peritoneum. |
| Each of the following is a duct in the male reproductive system except: | inguinal canal. |
| Identify the letter that indicates the region of the uterus known as the fundus. | B |
| The tube connecting the ovaries to the uterus is called the: uterine tubes. oviducts. fallopian tubes. all are correct | all are correct |
| The dense, white, fibrous capsule that encases each testis is called the: | tunica albuginea. |
| Which of the following is not true of the vagina? | It is a passageway for urine. |
| The supporting structures in the male reproductive system include: the penis. a pair of spermatic cords. the scrotum. all are correct | all are correct |
| Identify the letter that indicates the cervix. | E |
| The uterus is suspended between two folds of parietal peritoneum that form a partition across the pelvic cavity. These ligaments are _____ ligaments. | broad |
| Identify the letter that indicates the gland that secretes lubricating mucus into the vaginal orifice. | C |
| Which letter indicates the umbilical region? | B |
| Which letter indicates the popliteal region? | E |
| Which letter indicates the rough endoplasmic reticulum? | C |
| Which letter indicates the plasma membrane? | D |
| Which letter indicates microvilli? | E |
| Which letter indicates projections from the dermis that reduce blister formation? | E |
| Which letter indicates a cellular junction that prevents molecules from passing between epithelial cells? | A |
| Which letter indicates cells that produce melanin in the hair root? | D |
| Identify the letter that indicates the Linea alba. | B |
| Identify the letter that indicates the Masseter. | E |
| Identify the letter that indicates the Orbicularis oris. | D |
| Identify the letter that indicates the Deltoid. | B |
| Identify the letter that indicates the region of a neuron with a name that means "little hill." | B |
| Identify the letter that indicates a Schwann cell. | C |
| Identify which diagram represents a cell that produces a myelin sheath in the central nervous system. | E |
| Which letter indicates the primary visual cortex, which receives information from neurons in the retina of the eye? | E |
| Which letter indicates a tactile corpuscle (Meissner's corpuscle) that is responsive to light pressure? | B |
| Which letter indicates the celiac ganglion and plexus? | C |
| Identify the letter that indicates the structure that is important in equalizing air pressure on both sides of the eardrum. | E |
| Identify the letter that indicates a gland that secretes a hormone controlling basal metabolic rate. | B |
| Identify the letter that indicates a gland that secretes corticosteroids. | D |
| Identify the letter that indicates an organ that secretes hormones controlling blood sugar levels. | E |
| Identify the letter that indicates the hypophysis. | A |
| Identify the letter that indicates the formed element of the blood that is packed with molecules of hemoglobin. | A |
| Identify the letter that indicates the left common carotid artery. | A |
| Identify the letter that indicates the layer common to all blood vessels regardless of their size. | A |
| Identify the letter that indicates the fraction of leukocytes that represents lymphocytes. | D |
| Identify the letter that indicates anchor points for chordae tendineae, composed of cells from the myocardium. | B |
| Identify the letter that indicates collagen fibers that anchor lymphatic capillaries to surrounding connective tissue. | D |
| Identify the letter that indicates lymph nodes that direct lymph fluid to the jugular trunks. | B |
| Identify the letter that indicates structures that assist in filtering, heating, and humidifying inspired air. | A |
| Identify the letter that indicates Ciliated cells in this layer transport mucus laden with dust, bacteria, pollen, and viruses towards the pharynx. | C |
| Identify the letter that indicates the cartilage that has a laryngeal prominence that is also known as the "Adam's apple." | D |
| Identify the letter that indicates the cardia of the stomach. | A |
| Identify the letter that indicates the cystic duct. | C |
| Identify the letter that indicates the root canal. | E |
| Identify the letter that indicates the major calyx. | E |
| Identify the letter that indicates the vasa recta. | E |
| Identify the letter that indicates the region of the nephron with receptors sensitive to antidiuretic hormone (ADH). | C |
| Identify the letter that indicates the efferent arteriole. | A |
| Identify the letter that indicates the site of sperm maturation and storage. | C |
| Identify the letter that indicates the cervix. | E |
| Identify the letter that indicates the gland that secretes lubricating mucus into the vaginal orifice. | C |
Created by:
twilkerson91