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Exam 1
Combining chapter 1,2,and 3 to prepare for the first exam.
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Matter | anything that takes up space and has mass |
| Physical Property | characteristics that describe matter (shape, color, size, phase of matter) |
| Chemical Property | characteristics of matter that describes how it changes form in the presence of other matter (chemical reaction) |
| Physical Change | when matter changes its physical property |
| Chemical Change | process of demonstrating a chemical property |
| Substance | sample of matter that has the same physical and chemical properties throughout |
| Element | cannot be broken down into simpler chemical substances |
| Compound | combination of more than one element |
| Mixtures | physical combinations of more than one substance |
| Heterogeneous | mixture composed of two or more substances and is able to be distinguished |
| Homogeneous | mixture of 2+ substances that are so mixed it behaves as a single substance (solution) |
| Science | process of knowing about the natural universe through observation |
| Scientific Law | the highest understanding of the natural universe |
| Qualitative | describes the quality of an object |
| Quantitative | represents the amount of something |
| Macroscopic | can be seen with the naked eye |
| Microscopic | can be observed with a microscope |
| Particulate | molecular or atomic scale, which is too small to be seen through even a microscope |
| Filtration | separation process that separates solid matter and fluid from a mixture |
| Distillation | process of separating the components or substances from a liquid mixture by using selective boiling and condensation |
| Scientific Method | Hypothesis, test it, refine it |
| Scientific Theory | an educated guess on how the natural universe works |
| Objective Statement | based on facts and observations |
| Subjective Statement | relies on assumptions or opinions |
| Temperature | measure of average kinetic energy (motion) of molecules in a substance |
| Heat | exchange of thermal energy between samples of matter |
| Dalton's Atomic Theory | elements made up of atoms, which cannot be created nor destroyed |
| J.J. Thomson | discovered a piece of atom called an electron |
| Ernest Rutherford | discovered layout of an atom and that the distribution of proton and electron particles are not random |
| Nucleus | dense core of atom where most of its mass is located |
| Electron cloud | surrounds nucleus; most of the volume of the atoms is part of it |
| Isotopes | atoms of the same element with a different number of neutrons |
| Formula Mass | mass of a singular molecule |
| Ion | formed when atoms lose or gain electrons; charged particle |
| Cation | loss of electrons, overall positive charge, and have low ionization energy |
| Anion | gain of electrons, overall negative charge, and have high ionization energy |
| Ionic Compounds | when positive ion interacts with a negative ion to form an ionic bond (contains cation and anion, metal and nonmetal, sum equals 0) |
| Ionic Formulas | determines the number of ions to balance the positive and negative to add up to zero |
| Polyatomic Ions | 2 or more nonmetals grouped with one ionic charge |
| Acids | covalent compound that dissociate into ions when dissolved in water |
Created by:
Izzy Marie
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