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Concept Dis. Ch 4
Inflammation & Repair
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Inflammation resulting in a coagulating exudate rich in protein is known as | fibrinous |
| interaction between antigens and antibodies activates complement mediators that attract | leukocytes |
| class of drugs that can be used to treat persistent inflammation | corticosteroids |
| acute spreading infection of the skin and deeper tissues is known as | cellulitis |
| results from an area of tissue breakdown with accumulation of pus | abscess |
| Septicemia is an infection of | the blood |
| factors that influence the outcome of an infection include | virulence, dosage, & resistance of the host's body |
| inflammatory reaction | nonspecific reaction to any agent that causes cell injury |
| agent's that can induce an inflammatory reaction include | physical, chemical, or microbiologic |
| inflammatory reaction is characterized by | local & systemic effects |
| local effects of inflammatory response consists of | dilation blood vessels & increased vascular permeability |
| adhere to endothelium of small blood vessels, force their way through walls & migrate to area of tissue damage | leukocytes during an inflammatory response |
| heat, redness, tenderness, swelling & pain are | characteristics of inflammation |
| leakage of plasma from dilated more permeable vessels causes volume of fluid in inflamed tissue | to increase, thus swelling |
| dilatation of capillaries & slowing of blood through vessels causes | increased warmth & redness to inflamed tissues |
| the secondary tenderness & pain at site of inflammatory process is | the associated irritation of sensory nerve endings |
| the most important cell in acute inflammatory response is | the polymorphonuclear leukocyte |
| polymorphonuclear leukocyte, attracted to the area by cell injury, is | a phagocytic cell |
| cells that appear later in process, clean up debris produced by inflammatory reactions | mononuclear cells |
| mononuclear cells are | monocytes & macrophages |
| exudate | fluid mixture of protein, leukocytes, & debris that forms during inflammatory process |
| serous exudate | fluid consisting of very little protein |
| if a large amount of serous exudate accumulates in injured tissue it may form | blisters |
| purulent exudate | creamy, yellow fluid consisting largely of inflammatory cells |
| pus is | purulent exudate |
| fibrinous exudate | fluid rich in blood protein fibrinogen |
| fibrinogen coagulates and forms | fibrin, producing sticky film on surface of inflamed tissue |
| hemorrhagic exudate | occurs when inflammatory process rupture many small capillaries, allowing RBCs escape into tissues; exudate appears bloody |
| if fibrinous exudate involves 2 surfaces in close proximity, they may | stick together |
| adhesions | bands fibrous tissue form subsequent to inflammation & bind adjacent tissues together |
| systemic effects become evident when | inflammatory process is severe |
| bone marrow accelerates production of leukocytes circulating in blood stream increases & person feels ill w/fever are | systemic effects of inflammatory response |
| systemic effects of inflammation also cause liver to produce | acute phase proteins, released into bloodstream in response to tissue injury/inflammation |
| acute phase proteins | help protect body from injury of tissue due to the inflammation |
| often measured to monitor activity of diseases characterized by inflammation | C reactive protein |
| resolution | regression of inflammatory process with significant tissue destruction & tissues returns to normal |
| mediators | formed & released when tissue is damaged |
| some mediators are derived from cells & other from | proteins in plasma accumulation at injury site |
| mast cells | specialized connective-tissue cell containing granules filled w/histamine & other chemical mediators |
| initiate the inflammatory process | mast cells |
| vasodilator | substance that dilates blood vessels |
| potent vasodilator of inflammatory response is | histamine |
| in regards to inflammatory response, blood platelets contain | histamine & serotonin |
| serotonin | vasoconstrictor mediator released from platelets |
| serotonin is released when | platelets adhere to collagen fragments at site of tissue injury |
| prostaglandins | compels derivative of fatty acid, prostanoic acid, having widespread physiological effects |
| major source of cell derived mediators | mast cells |
| leukotrienes | prostaglandin-like mediator of inflammation |
| function as mediators that intensify inflammatory process | leukotrienes & prostaglandins |
| leukotrienes & prostaglandins are synthesized from arachidonic acid present in | cell membranes in response to stimuli that induce inflammatory response |
| bradykinin | chemical mediator of inflammation derived from components in blood plasma |
| protein substances circulating in blood plasma as inactive compounds leak from | permeable capillaries into area of tissue damage, then activated into chemical mediators |
| series of reactions leading to formation of bradykinin is triggered by | one of proteins concerned with blood coagulation, activated by tissue injury |
| complement | several separate protein components that interact in regular sequence to yield series of by-products |
| by-products of function as mediators of inflammation | complement |
| complement are designated | C1 through C9 |
| granules contained in chemical mediators which attract phagocytic neutrophils & monocytes are | lysosomes |
| lysosomes | contain potent enzymes that capable digesting material brought into cytoplasm of cells by phagocytosis |
| much of tissue injury in an area is result of | destructive effect of lysosomal enzymes released from leukocytes, most of which during phagocytosis |
| interaction of antigen & antibody activates | complement, & mediators generate induce inflammatory reaction |
| adrenal corticosteroid hormones are administered | when inflammatory process persists causing extensive, progressive tissue injury |
| inflammation caused by disease-producing organism is | an infection |
| -itis is appended to name of tissue/organ to indicate | infection or inflammatory process |
| cellulitis | scute spreading inflammation affecting skin or deeper tissues |
| abscess | localized accumulation of pus in tissues |
| lymphangitis | inflammation of lymph vessels draining a site of infection |
| septicemia | infection in which large numbers of pathogenic bacteria are present in the blood stream |
| pathogenic | capable of producing disease |
| virulence | ability of organism to cause disease |
| highly virulent organism is likely to produce disease in | majority of susceptible individuals |
| low virulent organism is likely to produce disease in | individual only under favorable circumstances |
| when organism & host are evenly matched clinically results in | chronic infection |
| different terms are used to describe infections in | different sites |
| nonspecific & characterized by both local & systemic effects | inflammation |
| inflammation of lymph nodes draining at a site of infection | lymphadenitis |
| used to refer to an overwhelming infection in which pathogenic bacteria gain access to the bloodstream | septicemia |
| extensive destruction of tissue, which is secondary to inflammation, is often followed by | scarring |
| scarring, due to a severe inflammation, can be so severe it causes | serious malfunction of tissues, or disturbed function |
Created by:
lfrancois
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