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CC11,12 F
GCSE Combined Science Chemistry
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Name a metal that reacts with cold water | Potassium, sodium, calcium |
| Complete this general equation for the reaction of metals with cold water | Metal hydroxide + Hydrogen |
| Name three metals that don’t react with either water or steam | Copper, Silver, Gold |
| Write a word equation for the reaction of calcium with hydrochloric acid. | Calcium + hydrochloric acid à Calcium Chloride + Hydrogen. |
| Complete the word equation for this displacement reaction | Aluminium sulfate + iron. |
| Why is there no reaction if copper is mixed with aluminium sulfate | Copper is less reactive than aluminium |
| For what metals is heating with carbon the correct method for extracting metals from their ore and why does it work? | For extracting less reactive metals such as zinc, iron, copper. Works because carbon is more reactive, |
| What is a metal ore? | Rock containing enough of a metal compound to extract for profit |
| What is oxidation | Gaining Oxygen. |
| Name three advantages of recycling metals. | "Natural reserves last longer , - Less pollution from mining - Less pollution from processing - Less waste in landfill - Often less energy used |
| " List the stages of a life cycle assessment. | Obtaining and processing raw materials, Making and packaging the product, Using the product, Disposal or recycling of the product |
| Complete the word equation for the reaction of sodium with cold water | Sodium hydroxide + Hydrogen |
| Name a metal that reacts with acid but does not react with cold water | Magnesium, Zinc, Aluminium, Iron |
| Write a word equation for the reaction of lithium with hydrochloric acid. | Lithium + sulfuric acid à Lithium Sulfate + Hydrogen. |
| Complete the word equation for this displacement reaction | Iron sulfate + copper. |
| Why is there no reaction if zinc is mixed with magnesium sulfate | Zinc is less reactive than aluminium |
| What method is used for extracting the most reactive metals from their ores? | Electrolysis |
| Name a metals that is found naturally in their pure form | Silver, Gold, Platinum |
| What is reduction? | Losing Oxygen. |
| Name a disadvantage of recycling | Can be expensive, Can use a lot of time and energy in transporting, collecting and sorting |
| What is the purpose of a life cycle assessment? | It looks at environmental impact of all stages of a product’s lifecycle. |
| What are the two main disadvantages of using electrolysis to extract metals? | Requires a large amount of energy to melt the compounds and to produce the necessary electricity |
| Why is aluminium oxide mixed with cryolite when extracting aluminium? | To lower the melting point |
| What is produced at the anode and cathode in the electrolysis of aluminium oxide? | Aluminium at the cathode and oxygen at the anode |
| What is the reactivity series? | A list of elements ordered by their reactivity. (K, Na, Ca, Mg, Al, (C), Zn, Fe, (H), Cu, Ag, Au) |
| How can metals be placed in order of their reactivity? | Add the metals to water or acid and see which ones react the most (by how much fizzing there is) |
| What is the name for a reaction where oxygen is removed from a compound? | Reduction |
| Explain why zinc can be extracted from zinc oxide with carbon but magnesium cannot be extracted from magnesium oxide with carbon | Magnesium is more reactive than carbon (1), Zinc is less reactive than carbon (1), Carbon can therefore remove oxygen from zinc oxide but not magnesium oxide (1) |
| Explain why gold and silver can be found naturally in the Earth's crust | It is very unreactive |
| What process is used to extract metals more reactive than carbon? Why? | Electrolysis. It is a stronger form of reduction. |
| Define an ore | A material containing enough metal in it for it to be economically worthwhile to extract the metal. |
| Define a displacement reaction | A reaction in which a more reactive element takes the place of a less reactive element in one of its compounds or in solution |
| How is copper extracted from its ore? | Heating with carbon. |
| In this displacement reaction. What is oxidised and what is reduced? CuSO4 + Mg → MgSO4 + Cu | Copper gains electrons and is reduced. Magnesium loses electrons and is oxidised. |
| What is a Reversible Reaction? | A reaction that can go backwards as well as forwards. (The products can turn into the reactants) |
| What does this symbol ⇋ mean in the middle of a chemical equation? | The reaction is reversible. |
| What is a dynamic equilibrium? | The point in a reversible reaction when the forward and reverse reactions are occurring at the same rate. |
| How are the amounts of reactant and products changing at equilibrium? | They are not changing. |
| What is the difference between an open and closed chemical system? | In a closed system nothing can escape. In an open system gases can escape so dynamic equilibrium cannot be reached. |
| Write the word and balanced equations for the industrial manufacture of ammonia. | Nitrogen + Hydrogen ⇋ Ammonia N2 + 3H2 ⇋ 2NH3 |
| What is the pressure at which ammonia is manufactured? Why is it manufactured at this pressure? | 200 atmosphere as this shifts the equilibrium to the right increasing the yield of ammonia. |
| What is the temperature at which ammonia is manufactured? Why is it manufactured at this temperature? | 450oC this shifts the equilibrium to the left decreasing the yield of ammonia but it is made at a much faster rate. |
| Why is an iron catalyst used in the manufacture of ammonia? | To speed up the reaction. |
| What catalyst is used for the Haber process? | Iron catalyst |
| What pressure is used for the Haber process? | 200 atmospheres |
| What chemical symbol represents a reversible reaction? | ⇌ |
| If a reaction is exothermic in the forward direction what will it be in the reverse direction? | Endothermic |
| How is the amount of reactant changing at equilibrium? | It is not changing |
| How is the amount of product changing at equilibrium? | It is not changing |
| What is the Haber process reaction | 3H2(g) + N2 (g) ⇌ 2NH3(g) |
| What temperature is used for the Haber process? | 450 oC |
| Where does the nitrogen for the Haber Process come from? | Nitrogen from the atmosphere |
| Where does the hydrogen for the Haber Process come from? | Hydrogen from natural gas |
| Why are the products of the reaction cooled? | To turn the ammonia into a liquid and remove it, so driving the equilibrium in the forward reaction some more. |
| What is a dynamic equilibrium? | A reversible reaction where the forward reaction and the backward reaction happen at the same rate |
Created by:
Davenant Foundation School
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