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CC8F
GCSE Combined Science Chemistry
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Define an acidic solution in terms of ions. | A solution which contains an excess of Hydrogen (H+) ions |
| Define an alkaline solution in terms of ions | A solution which contains an excess of Hydroxide (OH-) ions |
| Define a neutral solution in terms of ions | A solution which contains an equal number of H+ and OH- ions |
| What is an indicator? | A substance that turns a different colour in an acidic solution compared to its colour in alkaline solution. |
| What colour is phenolphthalein in acid and alkaline solution? | Colourless in acid, Pink in alkali |
| What colour is litmus in acid and alkaline solution? | Red in acid, Blue in alkali |
| What colour is methyl orange in acid and alkaline solution? | Red in acid, Yellow in alkali |
| State the formulae of hydrochloric, sulfuric and nitric acids. | HCl, H2SO4, HNO3 |
| What number denotes neutral on the pH scale? | 7 |
| How is the pH number of an acid related to its strength? | The lower the pH the stronger the acid. |
| What is the range of numbers on the pH scale than mean the solution is an alkali | 8 to 14. |
| A base is a compound that can neutralise acid. Name the three types of base. | Metal Oxide, Metal Hydroxide, Metal Carbonate. |
| What is a neutralisation reaction? | A reaction that involves an acid. A salt is always produced in a neutralisation reaction. |
| What is a salt? | A compound formed when some or all of the hydrogen ions in an acidic solution are replaced by metal ions. |
| State the names of the salts produced by hydrochloric, sulfuric and nitric acids. | Hydrochloric acid = Chlorides, Sulfuric acid= Sulfates, Nitric Acid = Nitrates |
| Complete the general equation metal + acid --> | Salt + Hydrogen gas |
| What are the products of the reaction of magnesium with sulfuric acid? | Magnesium Sulfate + Hydrogen |
| Complete the general equation metal oxide + acid → | Salt + water |
| What are the products of the reaction of copper oxide with nitric acid? | Copper Nitrate + Water |
| Complete the general equation metal hydroxide + acid → | Salt + water |
| What are the products of the reaction of sodium hydroxide with hydrochloric acid | Sodium Chloride + Water |
| Complete the general equation metal carbonate + acid → | Salt + Water + Carbon Dioxide |
| Complete the general equation metal carbonate + acid → | Salt + Water + Carbon Dioxide |
| What are the products of the reaction of calcium carbonate hydroxide with hydrochloric acid | Calcium Chloride, water and Carbon Dioxide |
| What are the two methods by which we can measure the pH of a solution? | Use universal indicator and compare the colour the indicator turns to a colour chart, use a pH probe. |
| If a salt is in solution how do you extract it as a solid? | Allow the water to evaporate and it will leave the salt behind as a solid (crystallisation) |
| When we produce copper sulfate by reacting copper oxide with sulfuric acid how do remove the excess, unreacted copper oxide? | Filtration. |
| Name the salts which are always soluble. | Sodium, potassium, ammonium salts and nitrates. |
| Name the only two insoluble chlorides. | Silver Chloride and Lead Chloride. |
| Name the only three insoluble sulfates | Lead Sulfate, Barium Sulfate, Calcium Sulfate. |
| Name the two salts that are mostly insoluble. | Carbonates and Hydroxides. |
| What do we call an insoluble solid produced by the reaction of two aqueous solutions? | A precipitate. |
| How do we produce a pure dry sample of an insoluble solid produced by the reaction of two aqueous solutions? | · Filter, Wash the residue with distilled water Dry in an oven. |
| What are the products of the reaction between silver nitrate solution and sodium chloride solution? | Silver chloride and sodium nitrate. |
| What is the name of the insoluble product of the reaction of potassium sulfate solution with barium chloride solution? | Barium Sulfate. |
| What does soluble mean? What does insoluble mean? | Dissolves in water. Does not dissolve in water |
| Define acid in terms of pH | A substance with a pH of less than 7 |
| Which ions are always present in a solution of an alkali? | OH⁻ |
| How do you make a soluble salt from an acid? | React the acid with a base. E.g. to make copper sulphate react copper oxide with sulphuric acid |
| If a salt is in solution, how do you extract it as a solid? | Allow the water to evaporate off and it will leave the salt behind as a solid. |
| What is a concentrated acid? | An acid where there are lots of acid particles in the water. |
| What is a dilute acid? | An acid where there are fewer acid particles in the water. |
| How can hydrogen be tested for? | Makes a squeaky pop when a splint is placed in it |
| How can carbon dioxide be tested for? | Bubble through limewater, turns it milky (cloudy) |
| What colour is litmus in acid and alkali? | Acid – red, alkali – blue |
| What colour is methyl orange in acid and alkali? | Acid – red, alkali – yellow |
| What colour is phenol phthalein in acid and alkali? | Acid – colourless, alkali – pink |
| How do you prepare a sample of a soluble salt from a base and an acid? | Neutralisation, filtration, crystallisation |
| How do you prepare a sample of a soluble salt from an acid and an alkali? | Titration, repeat titration without indicator, crystallisation |
| How do you prepare a sample of an insoluble salt from two solutions | Combine, filtration. |
| Are nitrates Soluble or insoluble? | Soluble |
| Are sodium salts soluble or insoluble? | Soluble |
| Are chlorides soluble or insoluble? | Soluble, except silver and lead compounds |
| Are sulphates soluble or insoluble? | Soluble, except lead, barium and calcium compounds |
| Are carbonates soluble or insoluble? | Insoluble, except sodium, potassium and ammonium |
| Are hydroxides soluble or insoluble? | Insoluble, except sodium, potassium and ammonium |
Created by:
Davenant Foundation School
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