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CP5F

GCSE Combined Science Physics

QuestionAnswer
1What are ray diagrams. Ray diagrams are ways of modelling what happens during reflection and refraction.
2 What is a normal? A line drawn at 90° to the interface or the mirror.
3 From where are angles of incidence, angles of reflection and angles of refraction measured? They are measured from the normal
4 State the Law of Reflection The angle of incident is equal to the angle of refraction.
5 Does light travel faster in air or in water and give the reason Light travels faster in air than in water. This is due to water having a greater density than air.
6 What is refraction? The bending of light rays as they go from one medium to another medium across an interface.
7 What are the two changes that occur when a ray is refracted at an interface? There is a change in speed and a change in direction.
8 What happens when a ray of light is incident at 90° to the interface? The direction remains the same and the speed changes
9 What happens when a ray of light is incident an angle other than 90°. Both the speed and the direction changes
1.Two examples of electromagnetic waves Any two: Radio wave, microwave ,infrared, visible light, ultra violet x rays and Gamma rays
2. State one thing all electromagnetic waves have in common. They are all transverse
3. State another thing all electromagnetic waves have in common. They all travel at the speed of light in a vacuum.
4.Which electromagnetic wave has frequencies a little higher than visible light Ultra violet radiation
5.Which electromagnetic wave has frequencies a little lower than visible light Infrared radiation
6.Define what is a wavelength The distance between the samepoint on 2 succesive waves
7.Define what is frequency The number of cycles per second
8. Who discovered infrared radiation?
9. Which type of electromagnetic radiation does all objects emit? Infrared radiation
10. How is the temperature of a body related to its energy? The higher the temperature the greater the energy
11. How are pit viper snakes able to see their prey in the dark? They have an organ under their eye that detect infrared radiation
12. What is a vacuum? A region where no matter is present.
1.What are the main grouping of the electromagnetic spectrum Radio wave, microwave, infrared, Visible light, ultraviolet, X rays and gamma rays
2. Which electromagnetic wave can be detected by the naked eye? Visible light
3. What characteristics are used to group electromagnetic waves? Wavelength or frequencies
4. Which electromagnetic wave has the greatest frequency Gamma rays
5. Which electromagnetic wave has the greatest wavelength? Radio waves
6. Which electromagnetic wave has the most energy? Gamma rays
7. What is always present with infrared radiation Heat
8. State the order of the colours in the visible spectrum. Red, Orange, Yellow, Green, Blue, Indigo and Violet
1. Which 2 EM waves can be sent through light fibres? Visible light and infrared radiation
2. State two other use of infrared radiation Cooking(grills and toasters), remote controls
3. Where are microwaves used for communication? In Cell Phones
4. Where are microwaves used for its energy In Microwave ovens
5.State two ways radio waves are used Radio broadcasts and satellites
6. Why can radio waves from a source be detected on the other side of the globe and microwaves cannot be detected on the other side of the globe. At an appropriate angle radio waves can be refracted by the ionosphere whereas microwaves pass straight through the ionosphere.
7. How are radio waves produced? By vibrations in electrical circuits
8. How are radio waves detected? Radio waves are absorbed by metals which oscillates and cause vibrations in the circuits connected to aerials
9. Which two parts of the electromagnetic spectrum are used for cooking? Microwave and infrared
10. Which 3 parts of the electromagnetic spectrum are used for communication? Radio waves, Microwave and infrared
1. State 2 uses of ultraviolet radiation. Detect fake bank notes and sterilise water
2. What is fluorescence? When a material absorbs Ultra violet radiation and re emits it as visible light
3. Why are x rays able to produce an image on a screen? X ray passes through flesh but are absorbed by the bones
4. Suggest another use of X ray. Airport security scanners
5. State 3 uses of gamma rays. Sterilise medical equipment, Preserve food and to detect and treat cancer
6. Describe the different ways in which gamma rays and x rays pass through muscle, fat and bones. Gamma rays pass through fat, muscle and bones while X rays can pass through fat and muscle but not bones.
7. Why are surgical equipment placed in plastic bags before sterilisation. To prevent the equipment for becoming contaminated before use.
8. List the electromagnetic waves in order of decreasing frequency. Gamma rays, x rays, ultra violet, visible light, infrared, microwave and radio waves.
1. What is the difference between the microwaves used in our mobile phones and those used in the microwave oven? The microwaves used in mobile phones is the lower frequency end of the Microwave while the microwaves used in the microwave oven is the higher frequency end of the Microwave
2. State 2 dangers of Infrared radiation. Burn on the skin and damage to cell from over exposure
3. State 2 ways of protecting our skin from sunlight. Staying out of the strongest sunlight and wearing sun cream with high skin protection factor
4. State two dangers of ultraviolet radiation. Sun burn and skin cancer
5. How does excessive exposure to x rays and gamma rays affect the human cells? Can lead to mutation of cells
6. Electromagnetic radiations are produced by changes in the --------------- or the -------------. The electron or the nuclei.
7. How is the danger linked to an electromagnetic wave associated with its frequency? The higher the frequency of the electromagnetic radiation the greater the danger associated with that electromagnetic radiation.
8. Why could the microwaves with frequencies fit for use in a microwave oven be harmful to humans? Microwaves with that frequency are able to boil water and our body is mostly water so it could heat cells inside our body.
What is the speed of elecrtomagnetic radiation? 300 000 000 m/s
What is the EM radiation with the shortest wavelength? gamma
What is the EM radiation with the longest wavelength? Radio
What is the EM radiation with the highest frequency? Gamma
What is the EM radiation with the lowest frequency? Radio
List the EM spectrum from long to short wavelength. Radio, microwave, infrared, visible, UV, X-rays, gamma
Can EM waves travel through space? yes
Can sound waves travel through space? no
Does a sound wave travel faster in water or air? water
Name a use of radio waves TV and radio transmission
What EM wave is used for satellite communication? microwave
Give one use of microwaves cooking food
Give two uses of IR radiation electrical heaters, infrared cameras
Give a use of visible radiation Fibre optic communications
Which radiation is used in sun tanning? UV
Give one use of X-rays. Medical imaging
Give one use of gamma rays Medical treatments
Why are X-rays good for taking images of bone? absorbed by bone but transmitted through soft tissue
Why are gamma rays used in medical treatment? Can kill cancer cells
What are the risks of exposure to UV radiation? Premature skin aging, increased risk of skin cancer
What are the risks of exposure of X-rays? X-rays are ionising so can cause mutations which may result in cancer
What are the risks of exposure to gamma rays? Gamma rays are ionising so can cause mutations which may result in cancer
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