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Susan
Chapter 43 Restorative and Esthetic Dental Materials
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 1. Adhere | To stick or glue two items together. |
| 2. Alloy | A mixture of two or more metals that are dissolved with each other when in the liquid state. |
| 3. Amalgam (uh-MAL-gum) | An alloy, with one of the constituents being mercury. |
| 4. Auto-cured | Hardened or set by a chemical reaction of two materials. |
| 5. Ceramic | Hard, brittle, heat- and corrosive-resistant material such as clay. |
| 6. Coupling agent | Agent that strengthens resin by bonding filler to the resin matrix. |
| 7. Cured | Preserved or finished by a chemical or physical process. |
| 8. Dual-cured | A composite resin material that has both light-cure and auto-cure properties. |
| 9. Esthetic (aesthetic) | Artistically pleasing and beautiful appearance. |
| 10. Filler | Inorganic material that adds strength and other characteristics to composite resins. |
| 11. Force | Any push or pull on an object. |
| 12. Galvanic | An electrical current that takes place when two different or dissimilar metals come together. |
| 13. Gold | A soft, yellow, corrosive-resistant metal that is used in the making of indirect restorations. |
| 14. Irregular | Not straight, uniform, or symmetric. |
| 15. Malleability | The ability of a material to withstand permanent deformation under compressive stress without sustaining permanent damage. |
| 16. Matrix | Foundation that binds a substance together; continuous phases (organic polymer) in which particles of filler are dispersed in composite resin. |
| 17. Microleakage | Microscopic space located at the interface of the tooth structure and the sealant or restoration. |
| 18. Palladium | Soft, steel-white, tarnish-resistant metal that occurs naturally with platinum. |
| 19. Percolation | The process of a liquid substance passing through a porous substance. |
| 20. Pestle | An object that is moved vertically to pound or pulverize a material. |
| 21. Platinum | Silver-white noble metal that does not corrode in air. |
| 22. Porcelain | Hard, white, translucent ceramic material fabricated by firing and then glazing it to match the tooth color. |
| 23. Restorative | To restore or bring back to its natural appearance. |
| 24. Retention | The act of holding something by means of an adhesive or mechanical locking, or both. |
| 25. Spherical | Round. |
| 26. Strain | Distortion or change produced as a result of stress. |
| 27. Stress | Internal reaction or resistance to an externally applied force. |
| 28. Tarnish | A discoloration. |
| 29. Viscosity | Physical property of fluids responsible for resistance to flow. |
| 30. Wetting | Covering or soaking something with a liquid. |
| I. Standardization of Dental Materials (ADA) (1) | It must not be poisonous or harmful to the body/irritating to the tissues of the oral cavity |
| I. Standardization of Dental Materials (ADA)(2) | It must help protect the tooth and oral tissues of the oral cavity/resemble the natural dentition as closely as possible so as to be esthetically pleasing /easily formed and placed in the mouth/conform to function |
| II. Properties of Dental Materials | 1. Mechanical Properties 2. Thermal Change 3. Electrical Properties 4. Corrosive Properties and Hardness 5. Solubility 6. Application Properties |
| 1. Mechanical Properties | • Materials • Force • Stress • Strain |
| • Materials | must be able to withstand the biting and chewing force in the posterior area of the mouth |
| • Force | is any push or pull on matter |
| • Stress | is the reaction within the material that can cause distortion |
| • Strain | is the change produced within the material that occurs as the result of stress |
| Types of Stress and Strain | Tensile stress Compressive stress Shear stress |
| Tensile stress /ˈten.sɪl/: | Pulls and stretches the material |
| Compressive stress: | Pushes the material together |
| Shear stress: | Breakdown of the material as the result of something sliding over two areas |
| 2. Thermal Change | A change in temperature in the oral cavity resulting from a hot or cold product |
| 2a. why /These thermal changes are of major concern because of: | Contraction and expansion The need to protect the pulp from thermal shock from extreme differences in temperature |
| 2b.Contraction and Expansion | Each type of dental material will contract or expand at its own rate It is essential that the tooth structure and restorative material have, as nearly as possible, the same rate of contraction and expansion Significantly different rates of contra |
| 3.a Electrical Properties | An electrical current, or galvanic action, in the oral cavity can take place when there are two different or dissimilar metals present |
| 3.b Electrical Properties-Conditions that allow these electrical currents include: | Saliva contains salt, a good conductor Two metallic components of different composition can act as a battery Galvanic action, or galvanic shock, is the coming together of all these conditions (happens when 2 dissimilar metals come into contact) |
| 4. Corrosive Properties and Hardness | The reaction of metals that occurs within a metal when it is exposed to corrosive products such as temperature, humidity and saline Certain foods contain metallic forms that cause corrosion of a dental material Most involves surface discoloration an |
| 5. Solubility | The degree to which a substance will dissolve in a given amount of another substance Sand has low solubility because it does not dissolve easily Sugar has high solubility because it does dissolve easily A material that dissolves easily in the oral |
| 6. Application Properties a. Flow | When decay is removed and healthy tooth structure is prepared to receive a permanent filling material, the dental material must be pliable enough to be placed in the preparation Dental materials are designed to have a certain amount of flow for place |
| 6. Application Properties b. Adhesion (1)(stick together) | The strength that causes unlike materials to adhere to each other Without proper adhesion, microleakage can occur, and the restoration could come out |
| 6. Application Properties b. Adhesion (2) (stick together) Characteristics of dental materials that can affect the adhesion process are : | Wetting: Viscosity: Surface characteristics: Film thickness: |
| 1/Wetting: (6. Application Properties b. Adhesion (2) Characteristics of dental materials that can affect the adhesion process are:) | Ability to flow over a surface( almost like water) |
| 2/Viscosity (6. Application Properties b. Adhesion (2) Characteristics of dental materials that can affect the adhesion process are:) | Property of a liquid that causes it not to flow easily |
| 3/Surface characteristics (6. Application Properties b. Adhesion (2) Characteristics of dental materials that can affect the adhesion process are:) | Influence the wetting ability |
| 4/Film thickness (6. Application Properties b. Adhesion (2) Characteristics of dental materials that can affect the adhesion process are:) | Thinner means a stronger adhesive junction |
| 6. Application Properties c. Retention | The ability of holding two things firmly together when they will not adhere to each other naturally Dental restorations, castings, and appliances must be held in place with the use of materials and retention methods Retention holds the material in place |
| 6. Application Properties d. Curing (light cure - polymerize (harden)) | a setting process of a dental material that is initiated by a chemical reaction or by light in a blue wave spectrum Auto-cured material hardens as a result of a chemical reaction of the materials once mixed together Light-cured material does not har |
| 1 Which professional organization evaluates a new dental material? | ADA The American Dental Association (ADA) evaluates a new dental material. |
| 2 What type of reaction does a dental material undergo when a person is chewing? | compressive stress |
| 3. What happens to a dental material when it is exposed to extreme temperatures of hot and then cold? | contraction and expansion |
| 4. Which is an example of how galvanic action can occur? | a&C salt within saliva touching of materials |
| 5.How does an auto-cured material harden or set? | chemical reaction |
| 6.Select the correct makeup of the alloy powder in amalgam. | silver, tin, copper, and zinc |
| 7.Why is dental amalgam not placed in anterior teeth? | esthetics |
| 8.Most amalgams have a high copper content. What does copper provide to amlgam restorations? | a&c strenght &corrosion resistance |
| 9. Where are amalgam scraps disposed of? | in a airtight container |
| 10. What is used to triturate amalgam? | amalgamator |
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