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Tracy Regusci
2: Anatomy Ch 3
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Acids: release hydrogen ions. have a pH above 7. take up hydroxyl ions. release hydrogen ions and have a pH above 7. | release hydronen ions |
| What decomposition reaction requires the addition of a water molecule to break a bond? | hydrolysis |
| A chemical bond formed by the sharing of one or more pairs of electrons between the outer shells of two atoms is called a(n) _____ bond. | covalent |
| Atoms with fewer than eight electrons in the outer energy level will attempt to lose, gain, or share electrons with other atoms to achieve stability. This tendency is called the | octet rule. |
| The reaction between hydrogen and oxygen needed to form water is an example of a: | synthesis reaction. |
| An element that contains the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons is called a(n) | isotope. |
| The elements carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen make up which percentage of the human body? | 96% |
| Chemical bonds formed by the sharing of electrons are called: | covalent. |
| Which type of chemical reaction results in the breakdown of a complex substance into two or more simpler substances? | decomposition reaction |
| Acids, bases, and salts belong to a large group of compounds called | electrolytes. |
| For sodium to transform from a neutral atom to a positive ion, it must: | lose an electron. |
| As the concentration of hydrogen ions increases, the pH goes _____, and the solution becomes more _____. | down; acidic |
| The type of chemical reaction most likely to require energy is a(n) _____ reaction. | synthesis |
| Ionic bonds are chemical bonds formed by the: | transfer of electrons from one atom to another. |
| The element oxygen has an atomic number of 8, which means it contains: | eight protons. |
| Electrolytes are: | called cations if they have a positive charge. |
| Which of the following is not a subatomic particle? Proton Electron Radon Neutron | radon |
| As the concentration of hydroxide ions (OH–) increases, the: | solution becomes more basic. & ph rises |
| A force holding two atoms together is a(n) | chemical bond |
| The most abundant element essential to life is | carbon |
| Hydrolysis _____ a water molecule. | breaks down compounds by adding |
| Hydrogen bonds result from unequal charge distribution on a molecule. Such molecules are said to be | polar |
| An atom can be described as chemically inert if its outermost electron shell contains _____ electrons. | 8 or 2 |
| Salts: can form as the result of a chemical reaction between acids and bases. are electrolytes. will form crystals if the water is removed. All of the above are correct. | all of the above |
| The atomic number tells you the | number of protons in the nucleus. |
| The water molecule has two distinct ends, each with a partial electrical charge. Because of this structure, water is said to be | polar |
| As a result of which reaction during catabolism is a water molecule added to break a larger compound into smaller subunits? | hydrolysis |
| A weak acid: | dissociates very little in solution. |
| What term is used to describe all of the chemical reactions that occur in body cells? | metabolism |
| The total number of electrons in a neutral atom equals the number of: | protons in its nucleus. |
| A molecule that is polar: can form a hydrogen bond. must be ionic. has an unequal charge. is both A and C. | is both A and C |
| Which subatomic particles carry a charge? | Protons and electrons |
| A substance that cannot be broken down or decomposed into two or more different substances is called a(n) | element. |
| Carbon has an atomic number of 6. The number of electrons found in the first shell is: | 2 |
| The kind of element is determined by the number of | proton |
| An example of a catabolic process is: | hydrolysis. |
| A solution that contains a greater concentration of hydroxide ions (OH–) than hydrogen ions (H+) is a(n) _____ solution. | alkaline (basic) |
| The type of reaction in which substances are combined to form more complex substances is called a(n) _____ reaction. | synthesis |
| Which of the following elements is least likely to combine with another element? | Helium |
| Acids: are proton donors. taste sour. release hydrogen ions in an aqueous solution. All of the above are true of acids. | all of the above are true |
| When atoms combine, they may gain, lose, or share: | electrons. |
| An isotope of an element contains different numbers of ____ from other atoms of the same element. | neutrons |
| The process of the digestion of food is an example of which type of reaction? | Decomposition |
| The octet rule refers to the: | stability of the atom when there are eight electrons in the outermost energy level. |
| A negatively charged subatomic particle that moves around the nucleus is a(n): | electron |
| Which of the following bonds are the weakest? | hydrogen |
| A magnesium atom has an atomic number of 12, an atomic mass of 25, and a +2 charge. This atom would contain _____ protons, _____ neutrons, and _____ electrons. | 12; 13; 10 |
| In the presence of a base, red litmus paper will: | turn blue. |
| The atomic number of carbon is 6. How many unpaired electrons are in its outer shell? | 4 |
| Which of the following represents a trace element in the body?Sulfur Chlorine Iron Phosphorus | iron |
| The most abundant and important compound(s) in the body is(are): | water |
| Which of the following represents properties of water? High specific heat High heat of vaporization Strong polarity All of the above | all of the above |
| The study of metabolism includes examination of: catabolism. anabolism. ATP requirements. all of the above. | all of the above |
| An example of a catabolic process is: | hydrolysis |
| The hydrogen isotope tritium consists of: | one proton and two neutrons. |
| Which of the following is not one of the major elements present in the human body? Oxygen Zinc Carbon Potassium | zinc |
| As the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) increases, the: | solution becomes more acidic. |
| The study of metabolism includes examination of: catabolism. anabolism. ATP requirements. all of the above. | all of the above |
| AB + CD → AD + CB is an example of a(n) _____ reaction. | exchange |
| Approximately what percentage of the body weight of an adult female is water? | 50% |
| An ionic bond is formed by: | a positive and a negative ion attracting each other. |
| Substances that accept hydrogen ions are called: | bases. |
| An example of an element would be: Ne. CO2. C6H12O6. H2O. | Ne |
| Atomic mass is determined by the number of: | protons and neutrons. |
| The formation of sucrose involves the removal of a molecule of water. This is called: | dehydration synthesis. |
| The approximate pH of gastric fluid is: | 2 |
Created by:
tlregusci