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Mastering A&P Final
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Histology would be best defined as a study of ___ | tissues |
| It is wise to study anatomy alongside with physiology because ___ | Physiology is only explainable in terms of the underlying anatomy. |
| T/F: A tissue consists of groups of similar cells that have a common function. | True |
| A structure that is composed of two or more tissue types that work together to perform specific functions for the body is a(n) ___ | organ |
| Place the following in correct sequence from simplest to most complex: 1. molecules 2. atoms 3. tissues 4. cells 5. organs | atoms, molecules, cells, tissues, organs |
| Negative or Positive Feedback? *Used for changes in blood glucose levels: Negative feedback *Used for changes in blood pressure: Negative feedback *Used for blood clotting: Positive feedback *Used for childbirth: Positive feedback | negative negative positive positive |
| Generally, what is the result of the negative feedback process? | to maintain homeostasis |
| A good example of a positive feedback mechanism would be ___ | enhancement of labor contractions |
| The dorsal body cavity is the site of which of the following? | brain, spinal cord |
| The body cavities that protect the nervous system are located in the ________ cavity. | dorsal |
| The thoracic cavity contains the ________ (organs). It is found ________(positional) to the vertebral cavity. | heart and lungs; anterior |
| Which of the following elements is necessary for proper conduction of nerve impulses? | Na |
| Which of the following is the major positive ion outside cells? | sodium (Na) |
| The four elements that make up about 96% of body weight are ________. | Carbon, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Hydrogen |
| If atom X has an atomic number of 74 it would have which of the following? (protons, neutrons, electrons) | 74 protons, 74 electrons |
| An atom with an atomic number of 10 and a mass number of 24 would have ________. | 10 protons, 10 electrons, 14 neutrons |
| Salts are always ________. (bond) | ionic compounds |
| When DNA is replicated, it is necessary for the two strands to "unzip" temporarily. Choose which bonding type is most appropriate for holding the strands together in this way. | hydrogen bonding |
| Lithium has an atomic number of 3. How many electrons are there in the outermost (valence) shell? | one |
| A chemical reaction in which bonds are created is usually associated with ________. | consumption of energy |
| What happens in redox reactions? | both decomposition and electron exchange occur |
| ATP → ADP + Pi is an example of a(n) ________ reaction. | decomposition |
| Which property of water is demonstrated when we sweat? | high heat of vaporization |
| T/F: A charged particle is generally called an ion or electrolyte. | true |
| T/F: The pH of body fluids must remain fairly constant for the body to maintain homeostasis. | true |
| Starch is a ________. | polysaccharide |
| Starch is the stored carbohydrate in plants, while ________ is the stored carbohydrate in animals. | glycogen |
| T/F: Glucose is an example of a monosaccharide. | true |
| T/F: Glycogen, the storage form of glucose, is primarily stored in skeletal muscle and liver cells. | true |
| In general, the lipids that we refer to as oils at room temperature have ________. | unsaturated fatty acids |
| Phospholipids make up most of the lipid part of the cell membrane. Since water exists on both the outside and inside of a cell, which of the following phospholipid arrangements makes the most sense? | two back-to-back phospholipid layers with the polar heads facing out on both sides |
| The single most abundant protein in the body is ________. | collagen |
| Which of the following does NOT characterize proteins? *may be denatured or coagulated by heat or acidity. *have both functional & structural roles in the body. *function depends on 3D shape. *appear to be molecular carriers of coded hereditary info. | appear to be the molecular carriers of coded hereditary information |
| The basic structural material of the body consists of ________. | proteins |
| Which of the following does NOT describe enzymes? *Enzymes work by raising the energy of activation. *Each enzyme is chemically specific. *Some enzymes are purely protein. *Some enzymes are protein plus a cofactor. | Enzymes work by raising the energy of activation. |
| Which of the following is a general function for a fibrous protein? *body defense *structural framework *transport *protein management *catalysis | structural framework |
| What structural level is represented by the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain? (primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary) | primary structure |
| How can DNA be used to "fingerprint" a suspect in a crime? | ESSAY RESPONSE about 500 words |
| The genetic information is coded in DNA by the ________. | sequence of nucleotides |
| In a DNA molecule, the phosphate serves ________. | to hold the molecular backbone together |
| Which of the following does NOT describe uses for the ATP molecule? *chemical work *transport down their concentration gradient *mechanical work * pigment structure | pigment structure |
| Which of the following is a function of a plasma membrane protein? *circulating antibody *oxygen transport *forms a lipid bilayer *molecular transport through the membrane | molecular transport through the membrane |
| If human cell increased the amt of cholesterol within its plasma membrane (PM), which would most likely happen? PM: *more fluid & phospholipids less stable *more permeable to ions/less perm to lipids. *more stable/less fluid/less perm *cell plaque | The plasma membrane would become more stable, less fluid, and less permeable. |
| Which of the following would NOT be a constituent of a plasma membrane? *phospholids *messenger RNA *glycolipids *glycoproteins | messenger RNA |
| A red blood cell placed in pure water would ________. *swell initially, then shrink as equilibrium is reached *neither shrink nor swell *shrinks *swell & burst | swell and burst |
| Which of the following statements is correct regarding net diffusion? *greater the concentration gradient = the faster the rate. *lower temp = faster the rate. *Molecular weight of a substance does not affect rate. *The rate is independent of temp. | The greater the concentration gradient, the faster the rate. |
| If cells are placed in a hypotonic solution containing a solute to which the membrane is impermeable, what could happen? | cells will swell and burst (osmosis) |
| Passive membrane transport processes include: *use of ATP *movement of water from area of high solute concentration to low *movement of a substance down concentration gradient *the use of transport proteins when moving substances from low to high | movement of a substance down its concentration gradient |
| The movement of water across the plasma membrane can be described by all of the following EXCEPT ________. *carrier-mediated facilitated diffusion *simple diffusion *passive membrane transport *facilitated diffusion through aquaporins | carrier-mediated facilitated diffusion |
| T/F: Osmosis is the passive movement of water, but it follows almost completely opposite laws of physics when compared to the diffusion of ions or other small particles. | false passive but follows laws of physics |
| Mitosis ________. | is division of the genetic material within the nucleus |
| In which stage of mitosis do the identical sets of chromosomes line up along the midline or equator of the cell? | metaphase |
| During which stage of mitosis do chromosomes uncoil to form chromatin? | telophase |
| During which stage of mitosis do chromosomal centromeres split and chromosomes migrate to opposite ends of the cell? | anaphase |
| During which stage of mitosis do the nuclear membrane and nucleolus disintegrate? | late prophase |
| During which stage of mitosis do chromosomes align on the spindle equator. | metaphase |
| During which stage of mitosis do centrioles move to opposite ends of the cell. | early prophase |
| T/F: Each daughter cell resulting from mitotic cell division has exactly the same genetic composition. | true |
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