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Volcanoes
Science Chapter 5
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| How are cinder cone volcanoes formed? | A cinder cone volcano is formed when a volcano erupts explosively and produces ash, cinders, and bombs. These materials build up around the vent in a stee, cone-shaped hill. |
| How is a shield volcano formed? | A shield volcano is formed when thin layers of lava erupt out of a vent and harden on top of previous layers and slowly form a wide, gently sloping mountain. |
| How does a composite volcano form? | A composite volcano forms when a volcano spews out ash, cinder, and bomb, while alternating between erupting lava layers. These alternating layers of lava and ash form different layers on the composite volcano. |
| How does a lava plateau form? | A lava plateau forms when lava flows out of several cracks and flows throughout the area and the thin, runny lava travels far before coolingand hardening. The repeated layers of thin lava creat high, level plateaus. |
| How are calderas created? | Calderas occur when large eruptions happen and empty the main vent and magma chamber beneath the volcano. When there is nothing underneath to support the mountain, it collapses. THe hole left when the volcano collapses is a caldera. |
| What are three features formed from magma? | Volcanic necks, dikes, and sills, as well as dome mountains and batholiths. |
| How do landforms from magma form and become exposed? | When magma cools and hardens before reaching the surface. This magma can become exposed when flowing water, ice, or wind strip away the layers above the hardened magma. |
| Describe a batholith | A mass of rock formed when a large body of magma cools inside the crust. |
| Describe a dike | Magma that forces itself across rock layers and hardens. |
| What is a volcanic neck? | This forms when magma hardens in a volcano's pipe and the surrounding rock later wears away. |
| What is a sill? | When magma that squeezes between horizontal rock layers harden. |
| Describe a calder | The hole left when a volcano collapses after large eruptions empty the main vent chamber. |
| Repeated floods of molten material can form high, level plateaus called _________ plateaus. | Lava plateaus |
| When a volcano collapses, a hole called a ________ is left behind. | Caldera |
| A __________ volcano is tall, cone-shaped and made up of alternating layers of lava and ash. | Composite |
| A ________ forms when magma cuts across rock layers and then hardens. | Dike |
| Volcanic necks and dikes form when magma cools and hardens into rock ________ reaching the surface. | Before |
| A volcanic neck forms when magma hardens in a volcano's ______ and the surrounding rock later wears away. | Pipe |
| Which is a wide, gently sloping mountain formed by thin layers of lava that pour out of a vent and harden on top of previous layers? | A shield volcano |
| Which forms from magma that squeezes between horizontal rock layers and later hardens? | A sill |
| From what does a batholith form? | A large body of magma |
| What land feature formed when a dome mountain was exposed? | Black Hills |
| What is a hot spot? | An area where material from deep within Earth's mantle rises through the crust and melts to form magma. |
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