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Civics EOC Review
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Civics | The study of rights and duties of citizens |
| Rights | A freedom that is protected |
| Responsibilities | Something that you should do |
| Obligations | Something that you have to do |
| Citizen | A community member who is loyal to the government and entitled to its protections |
| Immigrant | People who leave home to relocate to a different country |
| Naturalization Process | 1. Live in the US for at least 5 years 2. Fill out application and pay fees 3. Pass the Citizenship Test 4. Swear an oath of allegiance 5. Receive certificate |
| Rule of Law | The idea that no one is above or below the law; law treats everyone fairly |
| Direct Democracy | Citizens vote on and make laws directly; power stays with people |
| Representative Democracy | Citizens elect representatives to make laws and decisions; power stays with people through their elected representatives |
| Absolute Monarchy | Right to rule passed through bloodline; ruler is all powerful |
| Constitutional Monarchy | Right to rule passed through bloodline; power limited by Constitution and lawmakers |
| Dictatorship | One strong leader, often military; people have no power; usually rises to power through force |
| Autocracy | Any form of government where all power is with one individual; people have no power |
| Oligarchy | A small (usually wealthy) group runs the country; people have no power |
| Theocracy | Laws are based off religion; can be an autocracy or an oligarchy as well |
| Communism | Government controls all resources; no private property; people work collectively; government SHOULD disappear; often dictator emerges |
| Socialism | Government owns some utilities; people still own property; higher taxes pay for government programs |
| Anarchy | No government; chaos and no laws; no one in control |
| Unitary | System of government with all the power at the top; national government controls power |
| Federal | System of government where power is shared between a central, national and state levels; citizens elect representatives |
| Confederal | System of government where power is located in independent states with little or no power in central government; citizens elect lawmakers |
| Parliamentary | Systems of government where elected lawmakers control government and leader of country is part of legislature |
| Enlightenment | A period of time in the 18th Century where new ideas and concepts appeared including those about government |
| Natural Rights | The idea that we are born with certain rights; Locke believed every person was born with the right to life, liberty, property |
| Social Contract | People agree to give up certain freedoms so that they can be protected by the government |
| Consent of the Governed | The government is able to keep control as long as the people are happy and give them the power |
| Separation of Powers | Power of government is split across multiple branches; ensures one branch isn’t too strong |
| Checks and Balances | Each branch of government has the power to make decisions to ensure the other branch isn’t too powerful |
| British Acts | Sugar Act Stamp Act Quartering Act Townshend Acts |
| Colonial Responses | Boston Massacre Sons of Liberty Boston Tea Party |
| Parts of Declaration of Independence | The Preamble Declaration of Natural Rights List of Grievances Resolution of Independence Signatures |
| Magna Carta | written by English nobles to limit power of the king |
| Mayflower Compact | Pilgrims created a new government in Massachusetts |
| English Bill of Rights | English Parliament further limited king’s power; expanded rights |
| Cato’s Letters | two anonymous journalists encourage people to fight the king |
| Common Sense | Thomas Paine encouraged colonists to become independent |
| Articles of Confederation | The first government of the United States; created a confederation of states with no real central government |
| Weaknesses of the Articles | Weak central government; no national taxes; states were independent; no common currency; no leader; only one branch of government – can’t enforce laws |
| Federalists | Wanted a strong central government and a president; against Bill of Rights |
| Anti-Federalists | Wanted power to the states, Bill of Rights; against central government |
| Shay’s Rebellion | Massachusetts farmers were not paid for military service; state took their farms causing a revolt |
| Virginia Plan | Large states want votes based on population |
| New Jersey Plan | Small States want 1 vote per state |
| Preamble | Introduces the Constitution; explains the purpose of the document |
| Article I of the Constitution | Establishes the Legislative Branch: Senate, House of Representatives |
| Article II of the Constitution | Establishes the Executive Branch: President |
| Article III of the Constitution | Establishes the Judicial Branch: Supreme Court |
| Article VI of the Constitution | Includes the statements that relate to the Supremecy Clause |
| Amendments | Updates or changes to the Constitution |
| Bill of Rights | First 10 Amendments of the Constitution |
| Amendment Process | Step 1 – Congress votes to propose Amendment; must pass 2⁄3 majority Step 2 – State legislature votes to ratify; must pass 3⁄4 majority |
| We the people…In order to form a more perfect union | We will create a better/perfect country than before (under Articles) |
| Establish justice | Create a fair legal system |
| Ensure domestic tranquility | To make sure the country (home) is peaceful |
| Provide for the common defense | Make sure that the country is safe; military |
| Promote the General Welfare | Provide the security and wellbeing of all citizens |
| Secure the blessings of liberty for ourselves and our posterity | Ensure freedom for ourselves and future generations |
| Do ordain and establish this constitution, for the United States of America | Will give the Constitution legal power starting now |
| 1st Amendment | Freedom of speech, religion, press, assembly, and petition |
| 2nd Amendment | Right to bear arms |
| 3rd Amendment | Protection from quartering of soldiers |
| 4th Amendment | Right to privacy; no search and seizure without a warrant/probable cause |
| 5th Amendment | Right to remain silent; no self-incrimination; no double jeopardy; eminent domain |
| 6th Amendment | Right to due process in criminal trials – speedy trial, jury, lawyers |
| 7th Amendment | Right to juries for civil trials (lawsuits) |
| 8th Amendment | No cruel and unusual punishment |
| 9th Amendment | We have additional rights not in the Constitution/Bill of Rights |
| 10th Amendment | Push power to the states |
| 13th Amendment | Abolish/outlaw slavery |
| 14th Amendment | All those born in the US are citizens; birthright citizenship |
| 15th Amendment | Right to vote cannot be denied based on race |
| 19th Amendment | Right to vote cannot be denied based on gender |
| 24th Amendment | Abolish/outlaw poll tax |
| 26th Amendment | Lowered voting age from 21 to 18 |
| Candidate | |
| Public Policy | |
| Political Party | |
| Platform | |
| Democratic Party | |
| Liberal | |
| Republican Party | |
| Conservative | |
| Third-Party | |
| Electoral College | |
| Bias | |
| Propaganda | |
| Symbolism | |
| Media | |
| Interest Group | |
| Lobbyist | |
| Watchdog | |
| Political Action Committee (PAC) |
Created by:
WinCivics