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Stack #3375282
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The rediscovery of works from ancient Greece and Rome and observation of the natural world changed many Europeans' view of their world. How did these individuals promote a revival of Greek and Roman texts? | Leonardi Bruni first used the term "humanism" He shift away from theology and toward the study of classical texts by studying and writing about Greek and Roman culture and drawings |
| How Duud Alberti promote a revival of Greek and Roman texts? | Universal Man as many called him. promoted by art, poems, architecture, philosopher and more. |
| A revival of classical text led to new methods of scholarship and new values in both society and religion. Examples of how humanists used classical texts to promote new values | Machiavelli was the author of, The Prince which was more pragmatic way of ruling. Questioning if it was better to be feared or loved. |
| The visual arts incorporated the new ideas of the Renaissance and were used to promote personal, political, and religious goals How did they promote personal, political and or religious goals? | Michelangelo-paint images relected in religious values |
| How did Donatello show his values in his art? | ideals of humanism. with the use of linear perspective |
| How did Raphael show his values in his art? | Highlighting the importance of classic figures and the way they taught |
| How did Filipo Brunelleschi show his values in his art? | He also used the linear perspective but used the studies of other somes like the Pantheon in Rome Draw inspiration from classical culture. |
| The struggle for sovereignty within and among states resulted in varying degrees of political centralization What level of centralization existed? | Italian uncentralized as major cities were more ruled nu the richest families |
| What was the centralization in France? | Became centralized under a monarch. generalized set of laws and taxes |
| What was the centralization of the Holy Roman Empire? | not very centralized , multiple vernacular languages, was local governments where people were more loyal to the local heads than any general or larger government |
| What was the centralization of Britain? | centralizated under one government, made possible as the people in the area shared similar ideologies. |
| What was the centralization of Spain | became highly centralized under a monarch, became highly centralized under a monarch, made people believe they were part of something, larger than just their town. |
| philological | Type of knowledge that deals with the historical development of language. |
| secularism | Greater emphasis on non-religious values and concerns |
| individualism | Forces on the unique qualities and abilities of the individual person. |
| Lorenzo Valla | Italian humanist and a priest for the Catholic Church. book, “Elegantiae linguae Latinae”, exposed the Donation of constantine to be a forgery. |
| Pico della Mirandola | Most eloquent work was the Oration on the Dignity of Man. It thoroughly remaps the human landscape |
| Humanist | revival of Greek and Roman texts, spread by the printing press, challenged the institutional power of universities and the Catholic Church. |
| Who was a part of the shifted education away from a primary focus on theological writings toward classical texts and new methods of scientific inquiry. | Leonardo Bruni and Leon Battista Alberti |
| Civic Humanism | is when people thought that the ideas and learning that were promoted by humanist thinkers should be applied to everyday life and reduce the impact the role of the church had on everyday lives. |
| How demonstrated human-centered naturalism/everyday life? with Jan Van Eyck work | a human centered piece because it is a portrait of a male and female. mirror is has the reflection of the couple making it feel more realistic |
| Pieter Bruegel the Elder demonstrated humen-centered everyday life by? | a town portrait, and in the portrait you can see what's happening in the town. kids playing in the street. the snow and the colors in this make it feels realistic, isn’t any depiction of mythology or the supernatural. |
| Sir Thomas More | is noted for coining the word "Utopia," in reference to an ideal political system in which policies are governed by reason. More called for reform within the Catholic Church so he believed that areas of the Catholic Church did deserve to be reformed and |
| Erasmus | Dutch philosopher, humanist who was one of the greatest scholars of the northern renaissance, One of his works that he published was “The Responsibilities of a Ruler”, |
| Dissemination | To spread |
| Vernacular | means in common use such as with languages, vernacular languages are ones spoken by the average people of that specific culture |
| How the printing press contributed to the development of national cultures? | press contributed to the development of national cultures by getting down ideas faster and more efficiently. |
| Centralized | to concentrate under a single authority which differs from feudalism which is when there is a rigid social structure, with the king and nobles having the most power. |
| - Advances in navigation, cartography, and military technology enabled Europeans to establish overseas colonies and empires. | compass, sternpost rudder, astrolabe, lateen rig |
| Examples of military technology | horses, gunpowder, guns, swords with solid metal, and canons |
| Key ideas of mercantilism | colonies exist for the benefit of the mother country, Bullionism,EXPORTS > IMPORTS/ you always want to make more money, mass trade was the Columbian exchange and the slave trade |
| The Jesuits | Roman Catholic Missionaries - Christianity was mostly used as an motive for invading lands |
| CASH CROPS | Tobacco Cotton Sugar |
| Three Field System | crop rotation |
| Serfdom | Slavery imposed on peasants. |
| How practiced in Eastern Europe? | Peasants were enslaved to work land for farmers. |
| Causes of peasant revolts | Lower wages, poverty Monarch attempts to centralize their governments is resisted |
| Impact of peasant revolts | Usually easily suppressed, but showed rising levels of discontent |
| Guild System | Merchants and Artisans controlled their craft in a certain town or city. |
| Little Ice Age | Average temperatures dropped and many crops suffered, causing a light famine. |
Created by:
John Holler