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Ancient Greece I

Study Guide

TermDefinition
Geography & its effect on Greek settlement and life - High Mountains - Made travel & communication difficult - Isolated City-States - Limited access to good farmland - Traded to get the goods and resources
Colonization: reasons and process - Colonized due to lack of good farmland and resources, such as, more food, metal and wood. - Process was very important to them ~ Ask Oracle if trip would be successful ~ Gathered Food and Supplies ~ Lit a torch from the sacred flame ~ Started the journey on sea which was very long ~ Found a safe place with good farmland to colonize
Agora - A marketplace in the center of each city-state
Monarchy - Ruled by one person called a king (never a queen) with absolute power - Made laws, acted as judges, led the army - Lawful right to be king, power goes to family member when he dies
Tyranny - One ruler who gains power by force, - Comes from military, and must have support of population - Eventually he has to control people through fear, loses support but population can't get rid of him
Oligarchy - Rule by a few (from wealthy ruling class or aristocrats/nobles) - Most oligarchs are more interested in staying in power than helping their city - They were very corrupt - Usually forced out by Tyrants
Aristocrat - Rich social class aka "nobles" - Advised and provided resources to the king (monarch) -They became the ruling group called oligarchs.
Democracy - Form of government controlled by the citizens - Advantages - accountability, social responsibility. - Disadvantages - Wrong choices can be made, SLOW process for decision making
Phalanx - Military formation -Rectangular block of soldiers equipped most often with shields and spears.
The Trojan War - A ten year siege of Troy (ilium) by a team of Greek city-states over control of the trade route between the Black Sea and Mediterranean Sea called the Hellespont. - Homer wrote about this war in The Iliad.
Hellespont - The waterway/strait that connected the Black Sea to the Aegean - Major trade route - Site of the siege of Troy during the Trojan War.
Homer - A famous traveling performer (bard) from ancient Greece - Author of epic poems the Iliad and the Odyssey - These were some of the first stories written after the Greek Dark Ages.
Persian Wars - Ionian colonists rebelled against Persian control and were assisted by Athens. - Persian King Darius wanted revenge. - Three battles followed: Marathon, Thermopylae and Salamis. - Greeks win, save Greek legacy (democracy) -Ushers in "Golden Age"
Battle of Marathon - Persian King Darius wanted to punish the Athenians for helping the Ionians during their rebellion. - Greeks, led by Miltiades, used geography, rushed Persians & purposely weakened his center.
Darius - Persian King - Leader of the Persians at the Battle of Marathon.
Miltiades - Greek leader - During the Battle of Marathon used "natural geography of the land" to create the strategy - Defeated the Persians despite being outnumbered.
Battle of Thermopylae - Persians won BUT many Greeks considered it a victory. - Greeks led by Leonidas, used the "natural geography"- a narrow pass -Against the Persians, led by Xerxes
Xerxes - King of Persian Empire - Son of King Darius - Led Persians at Thermopylae and Salamis
Leonidas - Spartan King - Led Greek land forces against Xerxes at Thermopylae - Was severely outnumbered
Battle of Salamis - Greek victory - Forced Persians home - Athenian leader Themistocles used "natural geography " - Forced the larger Persian fleet, led by Xerxes, to fight in a narrow straight (narrow waterway)
Themistocles - An Athenian politician and general - Naval leader during the Battles of Thermopylae & Salamis
Created by: SJM MATH
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