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Ancient Greece II
Study Guide
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| The Peloponnesian War | Cause: Sparta grew nervous over Athens' prosperity and increasing power so they declared war. Result: Sparta's team wins BUT city-states are divided and weakened. Philip II of Macedonia sees this as an opportunity to take over Greece & does. |
| Alexander the Great | Son of Philip II, at age 20 became king of Macedonian/Greek Empire and conquered the largest empire in the world. Wanted to spread Greek culture to his conquered lands. |
| Alexander the Great spread Greek culture by: Examples 1 and 2 | -He built Greek style cities in his new territory, complete with an agora (marketplace), theaters, temples etc. -Made Greek official language of government officials and soldiers, which encouraged everyone else to CHOOSE Greek. |
| Alexander the Great united his empire by: | -Adopts Persian customs, - Greeting people w/ a kiss - Dresses in Persian style clothing - Used Persian system of government for Persian lands - Encouraged his Greek soldiers to marry Persian women |
| Alexandria | - Famous ancient port city in Egypt - Established by Alexander the Great - Ancient center of knowledge & trade |
| Socrates | - Famous Greek philosopher who taught students to question everything, like government and religion. - His teaching method (the Socratic method) is still used today. |
| Plato | - Socrates' most famous student - Continued Socrates' lesson and founded the world famous Platonic Academy in Athens - Taught Aristotle |
| Thucydides | - "Father of Scientific History" - Very reputable historian- wrote factual information about history - Most famous book called, "History of the Peloponnesian War" |
| Pythagoras | - "Father of Numbers" - Famous for his Pythagorean Theorem (A2+B2=C2) which is still used today to measure right triangles. |
| Parthenon | - Athena's temple on top of the Acropolis in Athens. - Rebuilt by Pericles after the Persians burned it down. - Originally a monument to the Athenian victory over Persia at Marathon. |
| Doric Architecture | - Oldest style of Greek architecture which had a simple capital and no base |
| Ionic Architecture | - Middle child - Slightly more decorative than Doric - The capital was shaped like a scroll (called a volute) and had a base |
| Corinthian Architecture | - Youngest type - Extremely decorative capitals decorated with acanthus leaves - Had a base also - Romans used this style more than the Greeks |
| Alexander the Great spread Greek culture by: Examples 3 and 4 | - Encouraged Greek Settlers to follow and stay behind with their laws, art & literature. - Established the city of Alexandria in Egypt |
Created by:
SJM MATH
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