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Psychology
Week 1 Week 4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Psychology | refers to the scientific study of the mind and behavior |
| Psychologists | use the scientific method to acquire knowledge |
| empirical method | for acquiring knowledge is one based on observation, including experimentation, rather than a method based only on forms of logical argument or previous authorities. |
| introspection | a process by which someone examines their own conscious experience as objectively as possible, making the human mind like any other aspect of nature that a scientist observed. |
| structuralism | Its focus was on the contents of mental processes rather than their function ( |
| functionalism | focused on how mental activities helped an organism fit into its environment |
| Psychoanalytic theory | focuses on the role of a person’s unconscious, as well as early childhood experiences, and this particular perspective dominated clinical psychology for several decades |
| Humanism | is a perspective within psychology that emphasizes the potential for good that is innate to all humans |
| biopsychology | explores how our biology influences our behavior |
| Personality psychology | focuses on patterns of thoughts and behaviors that make each individual unique |
| personality traits | measuring these traits, and determining how these traits interact in a particular context to determine how a person will behave in any given situation |
| biopsychosocial model | focuses on how health is affected by the interaction of biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors. |
| sport and exercise psychology | study the psychological aspects of sport performance, including motivation and performance anxiety, and the effects of sport on mental and emotional wellbeing |
| Clinical psychology | is the area of psychology that focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders and other problematic patterns of behavior |
| Counseling psychology | is a similar discipline that focuses on emotional, social, vocational, and healthrelated outcomes in individuals who |
| Forensic psychology | is a branch of psychology that deals questions of psychology as they arise in the context of the justice system |
| The word psyche is derived from the Greek word soul. | True |
| An empirical method for acquiring knowledge is one based on observation, including experimentation, rather than a method based only on forms of _________. education and interest. logical argument or previous authorities logic and reason | logical argument or previous authorities |
| Psychology is a relatively young science with its experimental roots in the 19th century, compared, for example, to human physiology, which dates much earlier. True or False | True |
| The attempt to understand the structure or characteristics of the mind was known as structuralism. True or False | true |
| Functionalism does not focus on how mental activities helped an organism fit into its environment True or False | False |
| Hysteria was an ancient diagnosis for disorders, primarily of women with a wide variety of symptoms, including physical symptoms and emotional disturbances, none of which had an apparent physical cause. | Freud |
| The word Gestalt roughly translates to “whole”. True or False | True |
| a major emphasis of Gestalt psychology deals with the fact that although a sensory experience can be broken down into individual parts, how those parts relate to each other as a whole is often what the individual responds to in_____. | perception |
| The approach of observing and controlling behavior came to be known as ______. | behaviorism |
| Humanism is a perspective within psychology that emphasizes the potential for good that is innate to all humans. True or False | true |
| Maslow's hierarchy of needs consists of ______ stages. | 5 |
| The research interests of biological psychologists span a number of domains, including but not limited to, sensory and motor systems, sleep, drug use and abuse, ingestive behavior, reproductive behavior, neurodevelopment, plasticity of the nervous system, | True |
| ________ psychology is the area of psychology that focuses on studying cognitions, or thoughts, and their relationship to our experiences and our actions. | cognitive |
| _______ psychology is the scientific study of development across a lifespan. | developmental |
| Health psychology focuses on how health is affected by the interaction of biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors. True or False | True |
| Scientific research is a critical tool for successfully navigating our complex world. | True |
| In deductive reasoning ideas are tested against the empirical world; in ___________, empirical observations lead to new ideas. | inductive reasoning |
| A theory is a well-developed set of ideas that propose an explanation for observed phenomena. | true |
| A hypothesis is a testable prediction about how the world will behave if our idea is correct, and it is often worded as an if-then statement. | true |
| What type of research can find a relationship between two variables? | correlational |
| In observational research, scientists are conducting a ____________ study when they focus on one person or just a few individuals | clinical or case study |
| If you want to understand how behavior occurs, one of the best ways to gain information is to simply observe the behavior in its natural context, which is called ______ | naturalistic observation |
| Surveys are lists of questions to be answered by research participants, and can be delivered as paper-and-pencil questionnaires, administered electronically, or conducted verbally, | true |
| When a researcher compares multiple segments of the population at the same time, it is know as _________. | cross-sectional research |
| Correlation means that there is a relationship between two or more variables (such as ice cream consumption and crime), but this relationship does not necessarily imply cause and effect. | true |
| Consciousness describes our awareness of internal and external stimuli. | true |
| A woman’s menstrual cycle is an example of a _____. | biological rhythm |
| A circadian rhythm is a biological rhythm that takes place over a period of about 24 hours. | true |
| ___________ is the tendency to maintain a balance, or optimal level, within a biological system. | homeostasis |
| Examples of things that can disrupt one's normal sleep patterns are: | jet lag, insomnia, and rotating shift work. |
| A person with a ________ does not get sufficient sleep on a chronic basis. | baby |
| How much sleep should the average 5 to 10 year old need each night? | 10 - 11 hours |
| Irritability, impaired immune system, increased heart rate variability, and growth suppression are all examples of: | negative sleep deprivation |
| Evolutionary psychology is a discipline that studies how universal patterns of behavior and cognitive processes have evolved over time as a result of natural selection. Group of answer choices | true |
| A ________ is a rapid burst of higher frequency brain waves that may be important for learning and memory | sleep spindle |
| Latent content is the actual content, or storyline, of a dream. | false |
| _________ are dreams in which certain aspects of wakefulness are maintained during a dream state...a person becomes aware of the fact that they are dreaming, and as such, they can control the dream’s content. | lucid dreams |
| A parasomnia is one of a group of sleep disorders in which unwanted, disruptive motor activity and/ or experiences during sleep play a role | true |
| A person with ________ has uncomfortable sensations in the legs during periods of inactivity or when trying to fall asleep. | restless leg syndrome |
| Natural opioids, called opiates, are derivatives of opium, which is a naturally occurring compound found in the poppy plant. | true |
Created by:
caraquintana0215