Question 1

Geography & its effect on settlement and Greek life

Accepted Answer

High mountains isolated communities, made travel more difficult, and decreased the communication between people. Unpaved roads, weather, and location of bodies of water also made travel unwieldy. 
Topography of areas caused people to trade. For instance,

Question 2

Colonization: Reasons and Process

Accepted Answer

The Greek Communities started colonies because they did not have enough farmland to feed their people. Colonies could send people overseas, hoping they could grow food in new lands and send it home. These people were called colonists.
When Greeks started

Question 3

Minoans

Accepted Answer

Settled on Crete. 
Their largest city was Knossos.
Famous for the Minotaur, which is the monster with a bull's head, and human body who ate people. -Minotaur lived under King Minos' palace
Minoans had plumbing systems (the human excrete was controlled)

Question 4

Mycenaeans

Accepted Answer

Conquered the Minoans, took over Crete but most lived on the Peloponnesus.
Appreciated the Minoan legacy.  Language, architecture, trade over the Mediterranean were all adopted.
Named after their town, Mycenae, right outside of Argos. -This location had

Question 5

Monarchy

Accepted Answer

Ruled by one single person, often a king (never a Queen
Chosen by the people after a leader died or inherited by the eldest (oldest) son.
Kings made laws, acted as judges, and led the army during wars.
Councils of aristocrats, who were wise, wealthy

Question 6

Tyranny

Accepted Answer

A tyrant forced the oligarchs from power. 
The power is in the hands of one person who is not lawfully in charge.
Tyrants cannot claim a legal right to rule, nor does his son inherit power.
Tyrants are usually military leaders that gained support of

Question 7

Spartan Oligarchy

Accepted Answer

Sparta had an assembly.
The Council of Elders, which consisted of two kings and 28 aristocrats who ruled, held the real power in Sparta. They made the important decisions. To be elected to the Council of Elders, men had to be at least 60

Question 8

Aristocrat

Accepted Answer

Aristocrats were wise, wealthy men who owned large pieces of land. In the Ancient Greek Monarchy, they advised the kings. In the Ancient Greek Oligarchy, they realized that they were stronger than the Kings and they ruled, as Oligarchs.

Question 9

Athenian Democracy

Accepted Answer

Athens became a democracy around 500 B.C.E.
Athens allowed only free men to be citizens. All men over the age of 18 who were born in Athens were Athenian citizens. (Women and slaves were not citizens.)
The Council of 500 met every day
Every citizen cou

Question 10

Greek Phalanx

Accepted Answer

The Greek Phalanx was a rectangular formation of armored soldiers usually equipped with very long spears and shields.

Question 11

Causes of the Persian Wars

Accepted Answer

Ionian colonies were tired of Persian taxes & having to fight in Persian military, so the Ionians decided to rebel.

Persian King Darius wanted to keep control and extend territory, power, wealth.

Darius wanted revenge on Athens for helping the Ionia

Question 12

Affects of the Persian Wars

Accepted Answer

The Greeks won the war but many of their cities were destroyed. They suffered a huge loss of life (death of soldiers and life in cities).
 
- Persian King Xerxes was embarrassed and Persian Empire stopped from expanding further into Europe.

- The

Question 13

Battle of Marathon: Leaders/Strategy/Outcome

Accepted Answer

In 480 B.C.E. Persian King Darius lands at Marathon hoping to punish Athenians for helping Ionians in the Ionian Revolt.

Athenian leader Miltiades creates an excellent strategy and defeats Persian Empire even though they were outnumbered almost 3-1.

Question 14

Battle of Salamis: leaders/strategy/outcome

Accepted Answer

Xerxes' navy is lured into the narrows off of Salamis and destroyed by the Athenian "wooden wall" (navy),which was outnumbered 2-1.

Question 15

Socrates

Accepted Answer

Socrates is a famous Greek philosopher (thinker) who always challenged people’s beliefs, which caused him to develop many powerful enemies.

Question 16

Plato

Accepted Answer

Plato is a Greek philosopher (thinker) who was Socrates’ most famous student. Much of modern day’s  knowledge of Socrate’s is from Plato’s exaggerated writing about him. Plato created the Platonic Acedemy, or school, in Athens.

Question 17

Thucydides

Accepted Answer

Thucydides is known as the “Father of Scientific History.” His most famous book details the events of the Pelopennesian War. His book is called “The History of the Pelopennesian War'' and he is a very unbiased (reputable) historian.

Question 18

Herodotus

Accepted Answer

Herodotus is a famous Greek historian, known as, “The Father of History.” He is known for being particularly biased and his best known book detailed the events of the Persian Wars. The name of his most famous book is “The Histories.”

Question 19

Pythagoras

Accepted Answer

Pythagoras is known as the “Father of Numbers.” He studied geometry and created the Pythagorean Theorem, which is a famous mathematical theorem used widely in the modern day.

Question 20

Parthenon/Acropolis

Accepted Answer

The Acropolis is a large hill that overlooks the city of Athens.
The Parthenon is the sacred temple that is dedicated to the goddess Athena, who was on top of Acropolis.

Question 21

Battle of Thermopylae: leaders/strategy/outcome

Accepted Answer

In 480 B.C.E., Xerxes,who is the Persian King and Darius's son, leads an attack on Greece in his father's honor. 

Spartan King Leonidas leads the Greeks against Xerxes' army at Thermopolyae (Outnumbered 50-1).  The entire  Spartan force was killed,

Question 22

Agora

Accepted Answer

The ancient marketplace in Athens where people from all over the Greek world came to trade/sell/buy different goods.

Question 23

Causes of the Peloponnesian War

Accepted Answer

The city of Megara was banned from trading at the Athenian Agora.

Athens and Corinth fought a naval battle over representation in the trade centers.

Sparta grew nervous of Athens' power  and declared war.

Question 24

Effects of the Peloponnesian War

Accepted Answer

Sparta wins the war, but fighting between the city-states continues.

-  Philip II of Macedonia knew the Greeks were divided and weak, so he attacked and defeated the Greeks.

- Philip's son, Alexander, would extend Macedonian rule spreading Greek

Question 25

Alexander the Great and His Accomplishments

Accepted Answer

Alexander was 20 when he became Alexander III, King of  Macedon. He crossed into Asia Minor (334 B.C.E) and conquered the entire Persian Empire. He then built the Alexandrias and honored other people’s gods as equals to Greek Gods, which won over support

Question 26

Causes of the Trojan War

Accepted Answer

Troy is located at the only connection between Black and Aegean Seas: Hellespont.

Centrally located in the Aegean World, it became a trade center.

Greeks wanted to control this location to keep control over the trade and colonization of the region.

Question 27

Effects of the  Trojan War

Accepted Answer

Troy was destroyed, its citizens killed or enslaved.

Greeks control the  major center and trade route of the region.

Greeks returned to Greece with more resources, power, and MONEY.

Helen is returned to Greece.

Homer’s Epic Poems – 400 years

Question 28

Hellespont

Accepted Answer

The Hellespont is a narrow waterway that connects the Aegean Sea to the Black Sea and is used widely in War.

Question 29

Homer

Accepted Answer

Homer lived in Ancient Greece around the years 700-800 B.C.E.  He was a bard,  or a traveling,  singing poet.  He was most famous for writing the Iliad and the Odyssey.

Question 30

Doric Architecture

Accepted Answer

Doric culture had the oldest architecture and was made to look like old wooden buildings

Heaviest and simplest column construction

Fluted shaft has no base, but has a simple square capital or top

Question 31

Ionian Architecture

Accepted Answer

Shorter, often used on smaller buildings
Slightly smaller than Doric columns, and used on smaller projects  
The columns are fluted, the capital has volutes (Scrolls), and had a base 
This Ionic Architecture style became popular in the Ionian Islands

Question 32

Corinthian Architecture

Accepted Answer

Most decorative style, made famous by the Romans rather than the Greeks

These columns were very similar to Ionic columns

The shafts were fluted, were sitting on bases, and capped by extremely ornate capitals

Question	Answer
Geography & its effect on settlement and Greek life	High mountains isolated communities, made travel more difficult, and decreased the communication between people. Unpaved roads, weather, and location of bodies of water also made travel unwieldy. Topography of areas caused people to trade. For instance,	settlers in one area may have great farming but no metals for construction, so they may trade farming goods for metal. Access to water was also very important because it was a transportation source and it was the home to many crucial resources.
Colonization: Reasons and Process	The Greek Communities started colonies because they did not have enough farmland to feed their people. Colonies could send people overseas, hoping they could grow food in new lands and send it home. These people were called colonists. When Greeks started	a new colony, they first had to make a long sea voyage to survive. Then settlers had to find a place for their colony. They looked for areas that had natural harbors and good farmland.	They also tried to avoid places where the local people might be strong enough to prevent them from settling. Finally, they had to establish their new community and work hard to make it survive.
Minoans	Settled on Crete. Their largest city was Knossos. Famous for the Minotaur, which is the monster with a bull's head, and human body who ate people. -Minotaur lived under King Minos' palace Minoans had plumbing systems (the human excrete was controlled)	Peaceful people who used their plentiful farmland to grow olives, grapes and grains. Used the calm waters of the Mediterranean to trade for other resources. Famous for their jewelry and pottery Enjoyed boxing and bull jumping/fighting	Women treated almost as equals Wrote in Linear A Volcanic eruption on Thera (a nearby island), followed by an earthquake, & then an invasion of the Mycenaeans brought about the end of the Minoans.
Mycenaeans	Conquered the Minoans, took over Crete but most lived on the Peloponnesus. Appreciated the Minoan legacy. Language, architecture, trade over the Mediterranean were all adopted. Named after their town, Mycenae, right outside of Argos. -This location had	far fewer resources than Crete, relied more on trade than farming -Also became far more war-like. Famous for their jewelers and weapons-makers. Fantastic bronze weapons and tools!	The constant fighting left them weak, and vulnerable to the “sea peoples” and the Dorians in the north with Iron weapons. -All Mycenaean cities fell EXCEPT Athens which had a hidden water supply	Dorians were a simple farming people with little culture, and no written language. - Greece entered the Greek Dark Ages from 1100 BCE - 800 BCE when written language completely vanished	*Stories were passed down verbally, until written language returned from the Ionian region and could be written down (Homer)
Monarchy	Ruled by one single person, often a king (never a Queen Chosen by the people after a leader died or inherited by the eldest (oldest) son. Kings made laws, acted as judges, and led the army during wars. Councils of aristocrats, who were wise, wealthy	men who owned large pieces of land, advised them.
Tyranny	A tyrant forced the oligarchs from power. The power is in the hands of one person who is not lawfully in charge. Tyrants cannot claim a legal right to rule, nor does his son inherit power. Tyrants are usually military leaders that gained support of	the people by promising them rights, after poor treatment from oligarchs, who were previously in power.
Spartan Oligarchy	Sparta had an assembly. The Council of Elders, which consisted of two kings and 28 aristocrats who ruled, held the real power in Sparta. They made the important decisions. To be elected to the Council of Elders, men had to be at least 60	years old and from a noble family. Assembly members shouted for the man they wanted most. The candidates who received the loudest support were elected. Once they were elected, they served for life.
Aristocrat	Aristocrats were wise, wealthy men who owned large pieces of land. In the Ancient Greek Monarchy, they advised the kings. In the Ancient Greek Oligarchy, they realized that they were stronger than the Kings and they ruled, as Oligarchs.	(most Oligarchs in Ancient Greece were aristocrats).
Athenian Democracy	Athens became a democracy around 500 B.C.E. Athens allowed only free men to be citizens. All men over the age of 18 who were born in Athens were Athenian citizens. (Women and slaves were not citizens.) The Council of 500 met every day Every citizen cou	ld take part in the city's government. Each year, the names of all citizens 30 years of age or older were collected, and 500 of those names were chosen to be in the Council. The council ran the day-to-day business of government and suggested new laws.	Proposed laws had to be approved by a much larger group, the Assembly, which met on a hill every 10 days. At least 6,000 citizens had to be present for a meeting to take place.
Greek Phalanx	The Greek Phalanx was a rectangular formation of armored soldiers usually equipped with very long spears and shields.
Causes of the Persian Wars	Ionian colonies were tired of Persian taxes & having to fight in Persian military, so the Ionians decided to rebel. Persian King Darius wanted to keep control and extend territory, power, wealth. Darius wanted revenge on Athens for helping the Ionia	n rebellion. Greeks were developing a new threatening form of government called democracy.
Affects of the Persian Wars	The Greeks won the war but many of their cities were destroyed. They suffered a huge loss of life (death of soldiers and life in cities). - Persian King Xerxes was embarrassed and Persian Empire stopped from expanding further into Europe. - The	Golden Age of Athens begins and becomes the most powerful/influential polis: peace, prosperity, democracy & freedom flourish with other cultural advances. - Greek legacy survives and is spread by Alexander the Great, who helps shape the modern world.
Battle of Marathon: Leaders/Strategy/Outcome	In 480 B.C.E. Persian King Darius lands at Marathon hoping to punish Athenians for helping Ionians in the Ionian Revolt. Athenian leader Miltiades creates an excellent strategy and defeats Persian Empire even though they were outnumbered almost 3-1.	Persian King Darius dies before he can return to try again.
Battle of Salamis: leaders/strategy/outcome	Xerxes' navy is lured into the narrows off of Salamis and destroyed by the Athenian "wooden wall" (navy),which was outnumbered 2-1.
Socrates	Socrates is a famous Greek philosopher (thinker) who always challenged people’s beliefs, which caused him to develop many powerful enemies.	He was eventually killed for his beliefs and there is a teaching style named after him, called Socratic, which is widely used in the modern day.
Plato	Plato is a Greek philosopher (thinker) who was Socrates’ most famous student. Much of modern day’s knowledge of Socrate’s is from Plato’s exaggerated writing about him. Plato created the Platonic Acedemy, or school, in Athens.
Thucydides	Thucydides is known as the “Father of Scientific History.” His most famous book details the events of the Pelopennesian War. His book is called “The History of the Pelopennesian War'' and he is a very unbiased (reputable) historian.
Herodotus	Herodotus is a famous Greek historian, known as, “The Father of History.” He is known for being particularly biased and his best known book detailed the events of the Persian Wars. The name of his most famous book is “The Histories.”
Pythagoras	Pythagoras is known as the “Father of Numbers.” He studied geometry and created the Pythagorean Theorem, which is a famous mathematical theorem used widely in the modern day.
Parthenon/Acropolis	The Acropolis is a large hill that overlooks the city of Athens. The Parthenon is the sacred temple that is dedicated to the goddess Athena, who was on top of Acropolis.
Battle of Thermopylae: leaders/strategy/outcome	In 480 B.C.E., Xerxes,who is the Persian King and Darius's son, leads an attack on Greece in his father's honor. Spartan King Leonidas leads the Greeks against Xerxes' army at Thermopolyae (Outnumbered 50-1). The entire Spartan force was killed,	but the fight bought much needed time for the rest of Greece to prepare. Persian King Xerxes burns Athens to the ground, including the Acropolis.
Agora	The ancient marketplace in Athens where people from all over the Greek world came to trade/sell/buy different goods.
Causes of the Peloponnesian War	The city of Megara was banned from trading at the Athenian Agora. Athens and Corinth fought a naval battle over representation in the trade centers. Sparta grew nervous of Athens' power and declared war.
Effects of the Peloponnesian War	Sparta wins the war, but fighting between the city-states continues. - Philip II of Macedonia knew the Greeks were divided and weak, so he attacked and defeated the Greeks. - Philip's son, Alexander, would extend Macedonian rule spreading Greek	ideals throughout the region
Alexander the Great and His Accomplishments	Alexander was 20 when he became Alexander III, King of Macedon. He crossed into Asia Minor (334 B.C.E) and conquered the entire Persian Empire. He then built the Alexandrias and honored other people’s gods as equals to Greek Gods, which won over support	from locals. Alexandria, which was in Egypt, was one of the first cities built with straight preplanned streets, and became one of the world's most important centers of trade and learning.	Part of Alexander’s success came from cultural diffusion (spread of culture from one civilization to another	He did this by adopting customs from the conquered peoples in his empire, encouraging Macedonian/Greek men to settle in conquered lands and to marry Persian women, using religion to bring different people together, allowing people to practice their	religion, and encouraging the idea that he was a God. After 10 years of fighting, Alexander and his troops returned back to their home/families. Alexander died (of malaria or too much wine/poison) drinking at the age of 33, in 323 B.C.
Causes of the Trojan War	Troy is located at the only connection between Black and Aegean Seas: Hellespont. Centrally located in the Aegean World, it became a trade center. Greeks wanted to control this location to keep control over the trade and colonization of the region.	Greed, jealousy, power, MONEY Helen, Queen of Sparta, was stolen by Paris, Prince of Troy.
Effects of the Trojan War	Troy was destroyed, its citizens killed or enslaved. Greeks control the major center and trade route of the region. Greeks returned to Greece with more resources, power, and MONEY. Helen is returned to Greece. Homer’s Epic Poems – 400 years	later.
Hellespont	The Hellespont is a narrow waterway that connects the Aegean Sea to the Black Sea and is used widely in War.
Homer	Homer lived in Ancient Greece around the years 700-800 B.C.E. He was a bard, or a traveling, singing poet. He was most famous for writing the Iliad and the Odyssey.
Doric Architecture	Doric culture had the oldest architecture and was made to look like old wooden buildings Heaviest and simplest column construction Fluted shaft has no base, but has a simple square capital or top	Design was supposed to look like old wooden construction techniques Found mostly on mainland Greece
Ionian Architecture	Shorter, often used on smaller buildings Slightly smaller than Doric columns, and used on smaller projects The columns are fluted, the capital has volutes (Scrolls), and had a base This Ionic Architecture style became popular in the Ionian Islands
Corinthian Architecture	Most decorative style, made famous by the Romans rather than the Greeks These columns were very similar to Ionic columns The shafts were fluted, were sitting on bases, and capped by extremely ornate capitals	LEAST popular of all three styles IN GREECE (very expensive and time consuming). THE ROMANS made this style FAMOUS (Romans liked and used it) Some had volutes on the capital, but ALL had decorative acanthus leaves Invented in the city of Corinth

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Ancient Greece

Ancient Greece Study Guide Flashcards