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Acids, bases & salts

Chemistry

TermDefinition
What do aqueous acids release? Hydrogen ions HCl -> H+ + Cl-
What do alkalis release? Hydroxide ions NaOH -> Na+ + OH-
Alkalis are..... Soluble bases
Weak acids and alkalis only..... Partially ionise Only a small fraction of molecules become hydrogen or hydroxide ions ā‡Œ
-> indicates a strong acid or a strong alkali
A concentrated acid contains.... a large number of acid particles dissolved per unit volume
A dilute acid contains.... a small number of acid particles dissolved per unit volume
A base is a..... metal oxide or hydroxide that neutralises an acid to produce a slat and water
Metal + Acid -> Metal salt + Hydrogen
Metal oxide + Acid -> Metal salt + Water
Metal hydroxide + Acid -> Metal salt + Water
Metal carbonate + Acid -> Metal salt + Water + Carbon dioxide
Salts are named by.... The metal first then the acid ending
Acid endings: -Hydrochloric acid -Nitric acid -Sulphuric acid - Chloride -Nitrate -Sulphate
Neutralisation equation OH- + H+ -> H2O
Displacement More reactive metals can displace less reactive ones as they want a full outer shell more
Testing for carbonate ions 1) Add a few drops of HCl 2) Collect gas using pipette 3) Bubble gas through limewater 4) If turns cloudy then carbon dioxide present so a carbonate
Testing for sulfate ions 1) Acidify the solution by adding dilute HCl 2) Add barium chloride solution 3) If sulfate is present then white precipitate will form as insoluble barium sulfate forms
Making soluble salts 1) Add powder Copper Oxide in excess in a beaker 2) Cover the powder with sulphuric acid and heat 3) When blue, leave to cool 4) Evaporate the water until blue crystals form.
Copper Oxide equation CuO + H2SO4 -> CuSO4 + H2O
Created by: Zoe 1
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