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Apologia Chem M15B

Chemical equilibrium

QuestionAnswer
Le Chatelier's principle When a stress (such as a change in concentration, pressure, or temperature) is applied to an equilibrium, the reaction will shift in a way that relieves stress and restores equilibrium.
Stress to an equilibrium comes through a change in concentration, pressure, or temperature.
Le Chatelier's principle ignores solids and liquids as a source of stress to the equilibrium.
Increasing the pressure of a gas will lower its volume, therefore __________________ its concentration. increasing
When an equilibrium is subjected to an INCREASE in pressure, it will shift AWAY from the side with the LARGEST number of gas molecules.
When an equilibrium is subjected to a DECREASE in pressure, it will shift TOWARD the side with the LARGEST number of gas molecules.
If there are NO gases in an equation or the SAME number of gas molecules on both sides, nothing will happen when pressure is changed.
When temperature is RAISED, an equilibrium will shift AWAY from the side of the equation that contains energy.
When temperature is LOWERED, an equilibrium will shift TOWARD the side of the equation that contains energy.
exothermic: energy is a product in the reaction, so we add the energy that is produced to the products side of the equation
acid ionization reaction reaction in which an H+ ions separates from an acid molecule so that it can be donated in another reaction
An acid whose ionization reaction goes nearly to completion is a strong acid.
When an acid's ionization reaction does not produce many H+ ions, is considered to be a weak acid.
acid ionization constant the equilibrium constant for an acid's ionization reaction
In general, the LARGER the ionization constant, the stronger the acid.
To determine the strength of a base, look at how well it accepts an H+ ion from water.
The larger the Kb, the stronger the base.
pH stands for power of hydrogen
The pH scaled describes the concentration of H+ and OH- ions.
acids have a pH of -5 to 6
water has a pH of 7
bases have a pH of 8 to 14
Rain is naturally acidic.
The acids in many of our foods provide a pleasant sour taste.
When pollutants such as sulfur trioxide (from burning coal) or nitrogen dioxide (from cars burning gasoline) mix with water vapor in the air they can react with rain to form dangerously acidic rain.
Each 1 pH unit represents a 10-fold change in acidity.
Rain with an acidity of 3.2 is ________ times more acidic than normal rain, which has a pH of 5.3. 100
Created by: MrsHough
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