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Anatomy Final
Final practice test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The male gland that secretes a fructose sugar used as an energy source for sperm is the: | seminal vesicle |
| Which of the following cells contain 46 chromosome: sperm cells primary spermatocytes secondary spermatocytes | Primary spermatocytes |
| The opening of the urethra at the tip of the glans is called the: prepuce external urinary meatus corpora cavemosa glans penis | external urinary meatus |
| Which of the following is not true of FSH? It is produced in the anterior pituitary gland. It increases the production of sperm. It stimulates the secretion of testosterone. Its secretion is inhibited by high testosterone levels. | It stimulates the secretion of testosterone. |
| The gland that secretes an alkaline substance that constitutes about 30% of the seminal fluid is the: seminal vesicle cowper gland bulbourethral gland prostate gland | prostate gland |
| The hormones that causes the follicle to rupture and the egg to be expelled is: lutenizing hormone follicle-stimulating hormone estrogen progesterone | lutenizing hormone |
| The foreskin in the male is also known as the: glans penis urinary meatus scrotum prepuce | prepuce |
| Which of the following is not a function of the Sertoli cells? | They produce testosterone |
| In young adults, the percentage of body weight composed of water will average about blank for males and blank for females. | 60%/50% |
| Which of the following would have the greatest concentration of hydrogen ions? | pH2 |
| Which of the following ratios of base bicarbonate acid will maintain normal pH? | 20:1 |
| When the effective filtration pressure equals zero: | no net transfer of water occurs between blood and interstitial fluid |
| What is the most abundant cation in intracellular fluid? Sodium Chlorine Potassium Magnesium | Potassium |
| Ketone bodies are associated with cellular metabolism of: fats carbohydrates proteins vitamins | fats |
| Which of following pairs are almost identical when compared chemically? Plasma and intracellular fluid Plasma and interstitial fluid Interstitial fluid and intracellular fluid Extracellular fluid and intracellular fluid | Plasma and interstitial fluid |
| Edema is defined as abnormally large amounts of fluid in the: | intracellular spaces |
| Which of the following is not true of total body water? | Overweight people have lower water content per kilogram of body weight than slender people |
| Which of the following is not considered a "transcellular fluid''? lymph cerebrospinal fluid the humors of the eye joint fluid | lymph |
| Which of the following is a disachharide? Glucose Starch Sucrose Glycogen | Sucrose |
| The regulation of acid-base balance in the body fluids refers to the control of blank ion concentration hydrogen bicarbonate potassium chloride | hydrogen |
| Polysaccharides are hydrolyzed into disaccharides by enzymes known as: lipase proteases maltase amylase | amylase |
| Which of the following is not true of enzymes? | They change chemically and are in the end products of the reaction |
| The enzyme pepsin begins the digestion of: carbohydrates protein fat nucleic acids | protein |
| Which of the processes of mechanical digestion involves the esophagus? Delguition Peristalsis Churning Both A and B | Both A and B |
| Which step of delguitition is under voluntary control? | Oral stage |
| An end product of fat digestion is: glycerol glucose glycogen galactose | glycerol |
| The final product of carbohydrate digestion is a: | monasachharide |
| The process of fat emulsification consists of: chemically breaking down fat molecules the secretion of digestive juices for fat digestion absorption of fats breaking fats into small droplets | breaking fats into small droplets |
| Which blood vessel carries absorbed food from the GI tract to the liver? hepatic artery hepactic vein portal vein renal artery | portal vein |
| The hormone thought to be a messenger causing release of digestive enzymes from the intestinal mucosa is: vasoactive intestinal peptide enterogastrone secretin chloecystokinin-pancreozymin | vasoactive intestinal peptide |
| Standard atmospheric pressure is blank mm Hg. 650 700 760 800 | 760 |
| By the time the body leaves the lung capillaries to return to the heart, what percentage of the blood's hemoglobin has united with oxygen? 55% 63% 82% 97% | 97% |
| Boyle's law states that the volume of a gas varies blank with pressure at a blank temperature. directly; constant inversely; constant directly; constantly changing inversely; constantly changing | inversely; constant |
| The PCO2 in the atmosphere is: | less than in the alveolar air |
| About 98.5% of the oxygen carried by systemic arterial blood is attached to: bicarbonate ions hemoglobin | hemoglobin |
| The PCO2 in alveolar air is blank blood. less than in the systemic venous greater than in the systemic venous equal to the systemic arterial Both A and C are correct | Both A and C are correct |
| Adaptive immunity, part of the body's third line of defense, is orchestrated by two different classes of a type of white blood cell called the leukocyte macrophage lymphocyte phagocyte | lymphocyte |
| The lymphatic system serves various functions in the body. The two most important functions of this system are fluid balance and waste removal fluid balance and immunity immunity and waste removal waste removal and gas exchange | fluid balance and immunity |
| Which of these substances operate(s) immune mechanisms? sebum mucus enzymes hydrochloric acid in gastric mucosa all of the above | all of the above |
| During their residence in the thymus, pre T-cells develop into blank, cells that proliferate as rapidly as any in the body. cytotonic T cells antigen- presenting cells thymocytes memory T cells | thymocytes |
| The body's defense mechanisms can be organized into one of the major categories of immune mechanisms, these are species resistance and specific immunity mechanical and chemical barriers innate and adaptive immunity nonspecific and inflammatory immuni | innate and adaptive immunity |
| Antibodies are proteins of the family called glucoproteins immunoglobulins globulins antigens | immunoglobulins |
| Chemotaxis is the process by which a cell navigates toward the source of the chemotactic factor by way of | detecting and then moving toward higher concentrations of the factor. |
| Which antibody is synthesized by immature B cells and then inserted into their plasma membrane | immunoglobulin M |
| Which of the following is a powerful poison that acts directly on any cell and quickly kills it? cytotoxin phagotoxin lymphotoxin granuiotoxin | lymphotoxin |
| Factors that affect the strength of myocardial contraction are called inotropic factors chronotropic factors ejection factors cardiac afterload factors | inotropic factors |
| The presentation of an antigen by an antigen-presenting cell activates the T cell.. The cell then divides repeatedly to form a clone of identical sensitized T cells that form | effector T cells and memory cells |
| In the extrinsic pathway of stage 1 of the clotting mechanism, chemicals released from damaged tissues trigger the cascade of events that ultimately result in the formation of | prothrombin activator |
| The physiological mechanism that dissolves clots is known as hemostasis fibrinolysis erythroblastosis diapedesis | fibrinolysis |
| Erythrocytes begin their maturation sequence in red bone marrow from nucleated cells known as: hemoglobin osteons erythroblasts hematropoietic stem cells | hematopoietic stem cells |
| Blood viscosity stems mainly from the red blood cells but also partly from the blank in blood. | protein molecules present |
| Cardiac output is determined by | stroke volume and heart rate |
| What is the functional significance of large areas of cardiac muscle being electrically coupled to form a single functional syncytium? | Because they form syncytium muscle cells can pass an action potential along a large area of the heart wall, stimulating contraction in each muscle fiber of the syncytium. |
| Which are the two baroreceptors that are located near the heart? coronary baroreceptors and aortic baroreceptors aortic baroreceptors and carotid baroreceptors carotid baroreceptors and venous baroreceptors aortic baroreceptors and pulmonary barorecep | aortic baroreceptors and carotid baroreceptors |
| Blood volume per kilogram of body weight varies inversely with: | body fat |
| One of the few hormones that functions on a positive-feedback loop is: ADH calcitonin oxytocin insulin | oxytocin |
| Which of the following is true about pain receptors? | Alpha fibers are associated with sharp, localized pain. |
| The immediate effect of a steroid hormone on a cell is the: | transcription of RNA |
| All of the following are true statements except: | aspirin produces some of its effects by increasing PGE synthesis |
| Sensory impulses ending in what part of the CNS trigger imprecise or "crude" sensation awareness? Thalamus Cerebellum Brainstem Cerebral cortex | Thalamus |
| When a small amount of one hormone allows a second hormone to have its full effect, the phenomenon is called: synergism permissiveness antagonism augmentation | permissiveness |
| The receptors responsible for sensing crude and persistent touch are the: Meissner corpuscles Krause end bulbs Ruffini corpuscles free nerve ending | Ruffini corpuscles |
| The two-point discrimination test can be used to measure: | The sensitivity of the skin in various parts of the body |
| Clearness or sharpness of visual perception is known as: control peripheral sense visual acuity visual balance | visual acuity |
| The last step in the nonsteroid hormone mechanism of action is: | protein kinases activate other enzymes |
| Which of the following is not true of the knee jerk reflex? It is a flexor reflex It is an ipsilateral reflex it is a spinal cord reflex it does not have to involve the brain | it is a flexor reflex |
| `The production of thyroid hormone is stimulated by another hormone from the: anterior pituitary posterior pituitary thyroid gland parathyroid gland | anterior pituitary |
| Cerebrospinal fluid circulates through the ventricles, into the central canal and blank, and is absorbed back into the blood. subarachnoid space choroid plexuses spinal cord intraventricular foramen | subarachnoid space |
| All of the following cranial nerves are involved in proprioception except the: vagus hypoglossal accessory abducens | vagus |
| Which of the following is a description of the principle of autonomic antagonism as it relates to the autonomic nervous system? | If sympathetic impulses tend to stimulate an effector, parasympathetic impu;ses tend to inhibit it |
| Once inside the sympathetic chain ganglion, the preganglionic fiber may: | do all of the above |
| Which is not true of the dorsal nerve root? | All of the above are true. |
| If the ventral nerve root of a spinal nerve were destroyed, a person would lose blank related to that pathway. sensory perception willed movement only reflex activity both reflex activity and sensation | willed movement |
| If the dorsal root ganglia of the spinal nerve were destroyed, a person would lose blank related to the pathway. | sensory perception |
| Which of the following is not a function of the hypothalamus | Regulation of motor activity |
| The knee jerk can be classified as a segmental reflex because: | impulses that mediate it enter and leave the same segment of the cord |
| Audition is a function of the blank lobe. occiptal temporal parietal frontal | temporal |
| Which of the following is not an example of sympathetic stimulation? Constriction of the bronchioles Decreased secretion of the pancreas Constriction of the urinary sphincters Dilation of skeletal muscles blood vessels | Constriction of the bronchioles |
| Tic douloureux is a painful neuralgia of the blank nerve. trigeminal vagus aduccans olfactory | trigeminal |
| The fastest nerve fibers in the body can conduct an impulse that is how much faster than the slowest fibers in the body? | Almost 300 times faster |
| During a relative refractory period: | the action potential can be initiated with a strong stimulus |
| The fastest nerve fibers in the body can conduct impulses up to approximately blank meters per second. 60 85 130 190 | 130 |
| Within the nervous system, coding for the strength of a stimulus is accomplished through: | the frequency of nerve impulses |
| Which neuron could transmit a nerve impulse the fastest? A small diameter neuron without myelin A large diameter neuron without myelin a large diameter neuron with myelin a small diamter neuron with myelin | A large diameter neuron with myelin |
| Which of the following antidepressents acts by blocking the action of monoamine oxidase MAO | Phenelzine |
| Serotonin is an example of a(n) | amine neurotransmitter |
| Excitatory neurotransmitters are most likely to: increase the speed of impulse conduction make the cell membrane impearable initiate an action potential make the resting potential more negative | initiate an action potential |
| Severe depression can be caused by a deficit in certain brain synapses of: acetylcholine amines amino acids neuropeptides | ammines |
| When an impulse reaches a synapse: | chemical transmitters are released |
| No impulse can be sent through a neuron: during the relative refractory period when the change of the neuron is -70 during the absolute refractory period when the stimulus is too strong | during the absolute refractory period |
| Stimulus - gated channels open in response to: | sensory stimuli |
| The protein molecule that has heads jutting out for cross-bridging is: actin myosin troponin tropomyosin | myosin |
| Which of the following is not one of the major functions of muscles? movement protection heat production posture | protection |
| The chief function of the T-tubule is to: | allow for electrical signals to move deeper into the cell |
| Aerobic respiration: | produces the maximum amount of energy available from each glucose molecule |
| Skeletal muscles are innervated by: somatic motor neurons autonomic motor neurons both somatic and autonomic motor neurons internal stimulation | somatic motor neurons |
| Which of the following is not an end-product of the breakdown of ATP? | All of the above are end-products of the breakdown of ATP |
| The type of movement possible at a synovial joint depends on the: amoount of synovial fluid in the joint shape of the articulating surfaces of the bones pressure of bursae in the joint Both A and B are correct | Shape of the articulating surfaces of the bones |
| Which of the following statements is incorrect about motor units? | The more muscle fibers stimulated by a motor neuron the more precise the movements of that muscle can be. |
| An example of a pivot joint is(are) the: head of the radius articulating with the ulna first metacarpal articulating with the trapezium humerus articulating with the scapula interphalangeal joints | head of the radius articulating with the ulna |
| Which of the following terms describes an isometric contraction? Escentric contraction Static tension Concentric contraction Both A and C are correct | Static tension |
| Muscle contractions will continue as long as: | the calcium ion are attached to the troponin |
| Kicking a football is accomplished by knee: | extension |
| Young children's bones have a greater risk of fracturing because of incompletely ossified bone. | False |
| The substance that attracts oxygen in the myoglobin molecule is: hemoglobin calcium iron ATP | iron |
| If bone formation, the cells that produce the organic matrix are the: osteoblasts osteocytes osteoclasts chondrocytes | osteoblasts |
| Which of the following is not a characteristic of the diaphysis? | Provides a bulbous shape for attachement of muscles |
| In intramembranous ossification, the process of appositional growth refers to the: | addition of an outside layer of osseous tissue on flat bones |
| If the cribiform plate is damaged, there is a chance of: | Infectious materials passing from the nose to the brain |
| The primary ossification center of a long bone is located: in the diaphysis in the epiphysis in the medullary cavity at the epiphyseal cartilage | in the diaphysis |
| Which of the following is not dependent on the proper amount of calcium ions in the blood? blood clotting transmission of nerve impulses contraction of cardiac muscles All of the above are dependent on the proper amount of calcium ions in the blood | All of the above are dependent on the proper amount of calcium ions in the blood |
| Which of the following is not a characterisic of the epiphyses? | Cylindrical in shape |
| The cell organelles that synthesize organic matrix substances in bone formation are: | endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus |
| Bones act as a reservoir for which of the following minerals? Iron Calcium Phosphorus Both A and B | Calcium |
| Small cells that synthesize and secrete a specialized organic matrix are | osteoblasts |
| A tissue is a membrane that line the body cavities a group of similar cells that perform a common function a thin sheet of cells embedded in a matrix the most complex organizational unit of the body | a group of similar cells that perform a common function |
| Which of the following is not a characteristic of skeletal muscles having one nucleus per cell being attached to bone having striations habing a voluntary or willed muscles | Having one nucleus per cell |
| Which of the following is not a proteoglycan found in the matrix of connective tissue? Glucosamine Collagen Hyaluronic acid All of the above are proteoglycans | Collagen |
| Which of the following is not a function of the skin? | Synthesis of vitamin E |
| Which type of tissue has the greatest capacity to regenerate? Muscle Nervous Epithelial All of the above tissue have about equal ability to regenerate | Epithelial |
| Which cells form the blood-brain barrier that protects the brain from harmful substances in the blood? | Astrocytes |
| Which of the following is not a function of adipose tissue? | Defends the body from microbes and injurous substances |
| A DNA molecule is characterized by all of the following except: double helix shape obligatory base pairing ribose sugar phosphate groups | ribose sugar |
| Which of the following is not true of RNA | It contains deoxyribose sugar |
| All of the following are examples of passive transport except: filtration osmosis endocytosis dialysis | endocytosi |
| Materials can be moved from a low concentration to a high concentration through: faciliated diffusion filtration osmosis active transport | Active transport |
| The correct order of the phases of mitosis is: | prophase metaphase anaphase telophase |
| Transcription can be best described as the: | synthesis of mRNA |
| Which of the following statements is true? | The site of transcription is within the nucleus, whereas the site of translation is in the cytoplasm. |
| The pairing of bases of a strand of DNA is obligatory. If a strand of DNA were composed of the base sequence of ATCG, what would be the obligatory sequence of its opposing base pairs | TAGC |
| Which of the following is not true of RNA? it contains ribose sugar it contains adenine it is composed of smaller molecules called nucleotides All of the above are true of RNA | All of the above are true of RNA |
| The roles played by proteins can be divided into which categories? structural and functional chemical and functional structural and chemical dehydration synthesis and hydrolyis | structural and functional |
| Which lipid is part of vitamin D? Glycerol Steroids Protaglandins Fatty acids | Steroids |
| Which energy releasing or energy transferring molecule does not contain a nucleotide | Creatine phosphate |
| The basic building blocks of fats are: monosaccharides disaccharides amino acids fatty acids and glycerol | fatty acids and glycerol |
| The term glycoprotein, a combination of two words, tells you that the compound is made of blank, with blank being the dominant component. a lipid and protein, the lipid carbohydrate and protein, carbohydrate a lipid and a protein, the protein carbohyd | carbohydrate and protein, protein |
| The alpha helix is an example of which level of protein structure primary secondary tertiary quaternary | secondary |
| Prostaglandins and steroids share which of the following characteristics | Both have ring structure in their molecule |
| Which level of protein structure refers to the number, kind, and sequence of amino acids? Primary Secondary Tertiary Quatenary | Primary |
| Peptide bonds join together molecules of glycerol glucose amino acids water | amino acids |
| The element that is present in all proteins but not in carbohydrates is carbon hydrogen oxygen nitrogen | nitrogen |
| When two molecules of glucose are joined, they form which disaccharide sucrose maltose lactose fructose | maltose |
| Epidemiology is the study of the blank of diseases in human populations occurence distribution transmission all of the above are correct | all of the above are correct |
| Which of the following is not one of the basic components in a feedback control loop effector mechanism transmitter sensor integrating center | transmitter |
| Intracellular parasites that consist of DNA and RNA surrounded by a protein coat and sometimes by a lipoprotein envelope are called: viruses bacteria fungi protozoa | viruses |
| Pathogensis can be defined as | the course of disease development |
| DNA: | is a double strand helix of nucleotides |
| Unsaturated fats: | will kink or bend because of the double bonds between the carbon atoms |
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