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Anatomy Final #3
All the quizzes
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Dendrites and cell bodies of sympathetic preganglionic neurons are located in the | gray matter of the thoracic and upper lumbar segments of the spinal cord. |
| The lower end of the spinal cord, with its attached spinal nerve roots, gives the appearance of a horse’s tail called the conus medullaris. gray commissure. cauda equina. filum terminale. | cauda aquina |
| The ventral rami of most spinal nerves subdivide to form complex networks called ganglia. rami. plexuses. dermatomes. | plexuses |
| If you trace the axon inside the sympathetic chain ganglion, the preganglionic fiber branches along which pathway? synapses with a sympathetic postganglionic neuron sends ascending or descending branches through the sympathetic trunk to synapse wit | all of the above |
| The large fluid-filled spaces within the brain are called the meninges. sulci. gyri. ventricles. | ventricles |
| The two efferent divisions of the autonomic nervous system are the somatic and sensory divisions. sympathetic and somatic divisions. sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions. peripheral and central divisions. | sympathetic and parasympathetic systems |
| A subdivision of the nervous system that regulates involuntary effectors is the _____ nervous system. somatic peripheral central autonomic | autonomic |
| Formation of the cerebrospinal fluid occurs in the ventricles. meninges. choroid plexus. solar plexus. | choroid plexus |
| The enteric nervous system is made up of a complex network of nerve plexuses that control the visceral effectors in the intestinal wall. urinary bladder. thoracic cavity. skeletal muscles. | intestinal wall |
| The three divisions of the brain that make up the brainstem are the | medulla oblongata, midbrain, and pons. |
| The dorsal root of each spinal nerve is easily recognized as a swelling called the dorsal cavity. dorsal root ganglion. dorsal root plexus. ventral root ganglion. | dorsal root ganglion |
| Individual nerves that emerge from the _____ plexus innervate the lower part of the shoulder and the entire arm. lumbar sacral brachial coccygeal | brachial |
| The inner protective covering of the brain is called the cranium. meninges. cerebrospinal fluid. compact bone. | meninges |
| Spinal cord tracts provide conduction paths to and from the brain. The tracts that conduct sensory impulses down the cord from the brain are called _____ tracts. ascending descending lateral spinothalamic spinocerebellar | descending |
| How many pairs of spinal nerves are connected to the spinal cord? 23 13 31 32 | 31 |
| The autonomic nervous system includes only efferent neurons. True False | False |
| The pyramids are formed in the: pons. medulla. midbrain. cerebellum. | medulla |
| The brain has _____ major divisions. three five six eight | six |
| Which of the following might occur from the stimulation of parasympathetic fibers? Goose pimples Dilation of blood vessels to skeletal muscles Increased blood sugar Increased peristalsis in the digestive tract | Increased peristalsis in the digestive tract |
| Which part of the brain releases the hormone melatonin? Hypothalamus Thalamus Pineal gland Cerebellum | pineal gland |
| The nerve commonly called the vagus nerve is the _____ cranial. ninth tenth eleventh twelfth | tenth |
| The spinal nerves are connected to the spinal cord and consist of _____ pairs. 12 21 31 41 | 31 |
| Which of the following is not a plexus of the spinal nerves? Cervical Brachial Lumbar Thoracic | thoracic |
| All cell bodies of the autonomic nervous system are located within the CNS. True False | false |
| The cervical plexus: is found deep in the neck. is formed by the ventral rami of the first four cervical nerves and part of C5. includes the phrenic nerve. All of the above are correct. | All of the above are correct. |
| Several “vital centers” are located in the: basal ganglia. cerebrum. cerebellum. medulla. | medulla |
| The cranial nerve that arises from the spinal cord is the: abducens. accessory. glossopharyngeal. vagus. | accessory |
| All of the following cranial nerves have a functional classification of motor except: oculomotor. trochlear. vestibulocochlear. accessory. | vestibulocochlear. |
| The main divisions of the central nervous system are the: brain, spinal cord, and autonomic nerves. brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves. brain and spinal cord. sensory division and motor division. | brain and spinal cord |
| Sensory neurons can operate in autonomic reflex arcs. True False | true |
| The innermost layer of the meninges is the: pia mater. arachnoid membrane. dura mater. None of the above is correct. | pia mater |
| There are _____ ventricles in the brain. two three four five | four |
| The areas specializing in language functions are found in the left cerebral hemisphere in: about 10% of the population. about 50% of the population. about 90% of the population. all people. | about 90% of the population |
| The brainstem does not include the: pons. medulla. midbrain. cerebellum. | cerebellum |
| Spinal nerves are _____ fibers. only sensory only motor completely autonomic motor and sensory | motor and sensory |
| Beta receptors: are cholinergic. bind acetylcholine. bind norepinephrine. bind the toxin muscarine. | bind norephinephrine |
| Impulses from which system play a part in arousing or alerting the cerebrum? Reticular activating system Limbic system Cerebral cortex Cerebellar cortex | Reticular activating system |
| Effectors that have single innervation by the autonomic nervous system are innervated only by the parasympathetic division. True False | False |
| Which of the following is not true of the lateral corticospinal tract fibers? Most decussate. Most inhibit the lower motor neuron. They are referred to as pyramidal pathways. They originate in the cerebral cortex. | Most inhibit the lower motor neuron. |
| The phrenic nerve is found in the _____ plexus. cervical brachial lumbar sacral | lumbar |
| Axon terminals that secrete acetylcholine are called cholinergic terminals. True False | true |
| Which plexus contains nerves that innervate the lower part of the shoulder and the entire arm? Brachial Cervical Lumbar Sacral | brachial |
| The sensory cranial nerves include only the: | olfactory, optic, and vestibulocochlear. |
| Parasympathetic neuron cell bodies are located in: | nuclei of the brainstem and the lateral gray columns of the sacral cord. |
| Some parasympathetic postganglionic neurons have their cell bodies in nuclei in the brainstem. True False | false |
| Cerebrospinal fluid is found in all of the following except the: subarachnoid space. central canal. third ventricle. subdural space. | subdural space |
| The lumbar plexus gives rise to the _____ nerve. median phrenic femoral None of the above is correct. | femoral |
| A patient complains of numbness in the skin of the buttocks and the posterior surface of the thigh and leg. The spinal nerve or peripheral branch most likely involved with this condition is the _____ plexus. brachial cervical coccygeal thor | coccygeal |
| Conduction to autonomic effectors requires only one efferent neuron. True False | false |
| The peripheral nervous system includes: only spinal nerves. only spinal nerves and their branches. only cranial nerves, spinal nerves, and their branches. cranial nerves, the spinal cord, spinal nerves, and their branches. | only cranial nerves, spinal nerves, and their branches. |
| The layer of the meninges that serves as the inner periosteum of the cranial bone is the: pia mater. arachnoid membrane. dura mater. None of the above is correct. | dura mater |
| The part(s) of the cerebrum associated with anger, fear, and sorrow is (are) the: limbic system. corpus callosum. temporal lobes. caudate nucleus. | limbic system. |
| Nerve fibers of the spinothalamic tract are: sensory. motor. descending. none of the above. | sensory |
| Which is not true about sympathetic postganglionic neurons? | They produce acetylcholine. |
| Which part of the vertebral column has one more pair of nerves coming from it than it has vertebrae? | cervical |
| Which of the following cranial nerves is responsible for movements of the tongue? | hypoglossal |
| Visceral effectors are innervated by sympathetic fibers. True False | true |
| Gel-like structure embedded with the tips of cochlear hair cells. basilar membrane tectorial membrane scala vestibule scala tympani tympanic membrane | tectorial membrane |
| Which of the following is not part of the flow of taste sensation along the gustatory pathway to the cerebral cortex? hypothalamic appetite centers vagus nerve solitary nucleus of the medulla oblongata thalamic nuclei | hypothalamic appetite centers |
| Endolymph is made from perilymph. in the scala vestibuli. in the stria vascularis. from the dura mater. | in the stria vascularis. |
| Which of the following endocrine glands develops primarily from the endoderm of the pharynx? pineal anterior and posterior lobes of the pituitary adrenal medulla thyroid and parathyroids | thyroid and parathyroids |
| Receptors for hearing are located in the semicircular canals. cochlear duct. tympanic membrane. middle ear. | cochlear duct |
| Region of the hypophysis that contains secretory endocrine cells derived from the oral ectoderm. infundibulum pars tuberalis adenohypophysis tuber cinerum neurohypophysis | adenohypophysis |
| Transparent mucous membrane covering the inner surface of the eyelid. tarsal glands lacrimal caruncle lacrimal apparatus palpebrae conjunctiva | conjunctiva |
| Gustatory cells are located in all of the following areas except on the posterior wall of the pharynx. on the fungiform papillae of the anterior tongue. on the apical surface of vallate papillae on the tongue. on the inner surface of the ch | on the apical surface of vallate papillae on the tongue. |
| Which of the following areas has the highest concentration of cones? the ora serrata retinae the optic disc the macula lutea the fovea centralis | the fovea centralis |
| Which of the following minerals is essential for the formation of thyroid hormone? calcium iron copper iodine | iodine |
| The anatomical stalk of the pituitary is also known as pars tuberalis. infundibulum. tuber cinerum. adenohypophysis. neurohypophysis. | infundibulum. |
| Fluid filling the posterior segment of the eye. serous fluid endolymph synovial fluid aqueous humor vitreous humor | virteous humor |
| The nerve carrying taste information from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue is the olfactory. hypoglossal. facial. glossopharyngeal. | facial |
| Hormone that inhibits osteoclast activity in children. calcitonin thyroxine oxytocin parathyroid hormone catecholamines | calcitonin |
| Bony labyrinth structure containing the utricle and saccule. vestibule macula densa macula lutea scala vestibule ora serrate | vestibule |
| Largest purely endocrine gland in the body. hypophysis adrenal gland thymus gland thyroid gland pancreas | thyroid gland |
| Region of the adrenal cortex that secretes DHEA. zona fasiculata zona glomerulosa zona reticularis tuber cinerum chrommafin cells | zona reticularis |
| Endolymph-filled structure containing receptors for hearing. saccule vestibule semicircular canals cochlear duct utricle | cochlear duct |
| The basilar membrane supports the spiral lamina. spiral ganglion. spiral organ. modiolus. bony labyrinth. | spiral organ |
| Pancreatic cell type that produces insulin. beta cells PP cells delta cells gamma cells alpha cells | beta cells |
| infundibulum. pars intermedia. tuber cinereum. pars nervosa. | infundibulum |
| Endocrine gland of the thorax that is also important in immune function. pineal gland neurohypophysis thymus gland parathyroid gland adneohypophysis | thymus gland |
| Class of hormones secreted during chronic stress that depress immune function. androgens gonadotrophins mineralocorticoids amino acid-based hormones glucocorticoids | glucocorticoids |
| Melanin-containing layer of the eye's vascular tunic. cornea lens choroid ciliary body sclera | choroid |
| The hormone produced by the heart | increases the excretion of sodium in the urine. |
| Membrane attached to the stapes. tectorial membrane oval window pharyngotympanic tympanic membrane round window | oval window |
| Pyramid-shaped gland consisting of neural crest-derived cells and endocrine secretory cells. | adrenal gland |
| Which endocrine gland stores enough of its hormone extracellularly to last several months? the thyroid the pancreas the ovary the pituitary | the thyroid |
| Which two factors promote the return of venous blood to the heart? | blood-pumping action of respirations and skeletal muscle contractions |
| Inhibition of sympathetic vasoconstrictor impulses is considered a major mechanism of | vasodilation |
| Starling’s law of the heart states that, within limits, the longer, or more stretched, the heart fibers are at the beginning of the contraction, the weaker the contraction. slower the heart rate. faster the heart rate. stronger the contract | stronger the contraction |
| The difference between systolic pressure and diastolic pressure is called Korotkoff sounds. minute volume. pulse pressure. pressure gradient. | pulse pressure |
| Factors that affect the strength of myocardial contraction are called inotropic factors. chronotropic factors. ejection factors. cardiac afterload factors. | inotropic |
| Which are the two baroreceptors that are located near the heart? | aortic baroreceptors and carotid baroreceptors |
Created by:
caraquintana0215