Muscles that move the forearm include which of the following?

brachioradialis , pronator teres, biceps brachii, All of these are correct.

Moving from superficial to deep, the connective tissue components would be:

epimysium, perimysium, endomysium.

Which of the following body systems assists the muscles in maintaining posture?

Digestive, Endocrine, Excretory, All of the above

Which of the following statements about the muscles of the head is incorrect?

The splenius capitis muscle is sometimes called the prayer muscle because it causes the head to bow.

The flexor muscles that move the fingers are mostly located on the:

anterior medial surface of the forearm.

The origin of a muscle is on the femur, and the insertion is on the tibia. When it contracts, it bends the knee. Which of the following is true?

The knee is acting as a fulcrum.

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6-12

Week 13- StudyStack Set 2

Question	Answer
Identify the letter that indicates the Zygomaticus major and minor.	C
Identify the letter that indicates the Linea alba.	B
The fibrous connective tissue that surrounds the entire muscle and is outside the epimysium and tendon is called the	fascia.
Identify the letter that indicates the Masseter.	E
Identify the letter that indicates the Sternocleidomastoid.	A
The point of attachment that does not move when the muscle contracts is the	origin.
The muscle that helps hold the scapula against the thorax and is useful in pushing or punching movements is the	serratus anterior.
Muscles that move the wrist, hand, and fingers can be	extrinsic or intrinsic.
The innermost muscle of the abdominal wall is the	transverse abdominis.
The long axes of the fascicles run parallel to the long axis of the muscle is a description of this type of fascicle arrangement.	parallel
Identify the letter that indicates the Serratus anterior.	E
An example of a muscle with this type of fascicle arrangement is the orbicularis oris.	circular
This arrangement of muscle fascicles tends to be triangular in shape. The Pectoralis major is an example of a muscle with this type of muscle fascicle arrangement.	convergent
In addition to the Pectoralis major, another muscle that displays this pattern of fascicle arrangement is Latissimus dorsi.	convergent
Identify the letter that indicates the Epicranial aponeurosis.	A
Muscles with this type of muscle fascicle arrangement are either fusiform or straplike in appearance.	parallel
Muscles that move the forearm include which of the following?	brachioradialis , pronator teres, biceps brachii, All of these are correct.
Identify the letter that indicates the Orbicularis oris.	D
A muscle with fascicles that insert into the tendon from both sidesis categorized as	bipennate.
Identify the letter that indicates the Deltoid.	B
The continuous low level of sustained contraction maintained by all skeletal muscles is muscle	tone.
The common tendon of the gastrocnemius and soleus is called the	calcaneal tendon.
A muscle with fascicles that insert into only one side of the tendon is categorized as	unipennate.
The individual muscle fibers are covered by a connective tissue membrane called the	endomysium.
The biceps brachii has this fascicle arrangement, which maximizes the range of motion possible.	parallel
The term _____ is used to describe a muscle that directly performs a specific movement.	agonist
The Sartorius muscle, a thin straplike muscle would have muscle fascicles arranged in	parallel.
Identify the letter that indicates the Rectus abdominis.	C
Identify the letter that indicates the Serratus anterior.	A
The muscle fascicle arrangement for Orbicularis oris is best characterized as	circular.
The latissimus dorsi muscle is an example of a _____ muscle.	spiral
Skeletal muscles constitute approximately ____ of our body weight.	50%
Moving from superficial to deep, the connective tissue components would be:	epimysium, perimysium, endomysium.
Which of the following is not a muscle that moves the foot?	Sartorius
Which of the following body systems assists the muscles in maintaining posture?	Digestive, Endocrine, Excretory, All of the above
The sternocleidomastoid muscle is an example of a muscle named for its:	points of attachment.
The action of the brachialis muscle is to _____ the forearm.	flex
Which of the following muscles has fibers on a transverse plane?	Transverse abdominis
Which of the following statements about the muscles of the head is incorrect?	The splenius capitis muscle is sometimes called the prayer muscle because it causes the head to bow.
All of the following muscles are part of the rotator cuff muscles except the:	deltoid.
Which of the following is not a posterior muscle that acts on the shoulder girdle?	Pectoralis minor
Another name for a sphincter muscle is a _____ muscle.	circular
The Achilles tendon is common to both the gastrocnemius and the soleus.	True
The flexor muscles that move the fingers are mostly located on the:	anterior medial surface of the forearm.
The muscle that flexes the semipronated or semisupinated forearm is the:	brachioradialis.
The origin of a muscle is on the femur, and the insertion is on the tibia. When it contracts, it bends the knee. Which of the following is true?	The knee is acting as a fulcrum.
A muscle that assists with mastication is the:	masseter.
Groups of skeletal muscle fibers are bound together by a connective tissue envelope called the:	perimysium.
In pushing (pressing) a weight from shoulder height to above the head, which of the following muscles is least utilized?	Biceps brachii
There are more than 600 muscles in the body.	True
The soleus muscle is an example of a _____ muscle.	pennate
A muscle is attached to the femur and tibia. Its function or action is to bend the knee. When it contracts, it is acting as the:	prime mover.
The prime mover can also be called the:	agonist.
Which of the following is not a muscle of the quadriceps femoris group?	Biceps femoris
The posterior arm muscle that extends the forearm is the:	triceps brachii.
Which of the following is not a group of pennate muscles?	Tripennate
Muscles located on the lower leg move the:	foot.
The muscle that raises or lowers the shoulders or shrugs them is the:	trapezius.
The pectoralis major muscle is an example of a _____ muscle.	convergent
The muscle that extends and adducts the arm is the:	latissimus dorsi.
Muscles that move the upper arm originate on the:	clavicle and scapula.
The muscle that allows the thumb to be drawn across the palm to touch the tip of any finger is the:	opponens pollicis.
The origin of a muscle is on the femur, and the insertion is on the tibia. When it contracts, it bends the knee. Its fibers run parallel to the body. Which of the following terms might be part of its name?	Rectus, Femoris
Muscles that contract at the same time as the prime mover are called:	synergists. fixators.
Which of the following is not a muscle that moves the thigh?	Sacrospinalis
The muscle(s) assisting in rotating the arm outward is (are) the:	teres minor.
Which of the following statements is incorrect?	The origin of the muscle is attached to the bone that does not move. The insertion of the muscle is attached to the bone that moves. When the muscle contracts, the insertion moves toward the origin. All of the above are correct.
The origin of a muscle is on the femur, and the insertion is on the tibia. When it contracts, it bends the knee. Its fibers run parallel to the body. Which of the following terms might be part of its name?	Flexor
Muscles may be named according to:	function, direction of fibers, points of attachment, all of the above.
Which of the following is not a structural classification of neurons?	polar
A signal conduction route to and from the central nervous system is a(n)	reflex arc.
The structural and functional center of the entire nervous system is the _____ nervous system.	central
This tends to be the longest cytoplasmic projection from a neuron.	axon
Nerves that originate from the brain are called _____ nerves.	cranial
Identify which diagram represents cells that produce and circulate cerebrospinal fluid.	D
Chemical signals diffuse between neurons at this location.	axon terminal
The _____ nervous system is a complex network of nerve pathways embedded in the intestinal wall with a network of integrators and feedback loops that can act somewhat independently.	enteric
The _____ of a neuron is a single process that usually extends from a tapered portion of the cell body.	axon
Excitable cells that conduct the impulses are called	neurons.
Identify the letter that indicates the region of a neuron where neurotransmitters are released.	E
Identify which diagram represents a microglial cell.	C
Identify which letter represents the most abundant category of glial cells in the CNS.	B
Identify the letter that indicates the region of a neuron with a name that means "little hill."	B
These regions of the neuron direct electrical currents toward the cell body.	dendrite
Neurons have	very limited capacity to repair themselves.
Bundles of myelinated fibers make up the	white matter of the nervous system.
The glia cells that help form the blood-brain barrier are the	astrocytes.
The ________ of a presynaptic neuron associates with the dendrite of a postsynaptic neuron.	axon terminal
The efferent pathways of the autonomic nervous system can be divided into the __________ divisions.	parasympathetic and sympathetic
Which of these glia cells are located in the peripheral nervous system?	Schwann cells
This is the site of communication between neurons.	synapse
What structure of the Schwann cell is essential to normal nerve growth and the regeneration of injured nerve fibers?	neurilemma
Identify the letter that indicates a Schwann cell.	C
Identify which diagram represents a cell that produces a myelin sheath in the central nervous system.	E
The somatic nervous system carries information to the	skeletal muscles.
Identify the letter that indicates the gaps between Schwann cells that are known as myelin sheath gaps (nodes of Ranvier).	D
What term describes the bundles of nerve fibers within the central nervous system?	tracts
Axodendritic synapses occur between letter "E" on the diagram and this region on a proximal neuron.	A
Identify which letter represents an oligodendrocyte.	E
The part of the nervous system that transmits impulses from the CNS to the skeletal muscle is the:	somatic nervous system.
One of the components of the blood-brain barrier is:	astrocytes.
Small distinct regions of gray matter in the CNS are called:	nuclei.
A neuron that has only one axon but several dendrites is classified as a _____ neuron.	multipolar
The white matter of the nervous system is made up of:	myelinated fibers.
The afferent pathways of the autonomic nervous system:	carry feedback information to integrating centers in the brain.
Gray matter in the brain and spinal cord consists primarily of	cell bodies.
Most unipolar neurons are usually:	sensory neurons.
In the human nervous system:	there are almost equal numbers of glia cells and neurons.
The nervous system can be divided:	according to its structure. according to direction of information flow. by control of effectors. in all of the above ways.
Along a neuron, the correct pathway for impulse conduction is:	dendrite, cell body, and axon.
Interneurons reside in the:	CNS only.
Multipolar neurons have:	multiple dendrites and one axon.
Which of the following is not a function of the central nervous system (CNS)?	Integrating sensory information, Evaluating the information, Initiating an outgoing response
Which is not true of the myelin sheath?	It covers cell bodies in the brain and spinal cord.
Nerves that contain mostly afferent fibers are called _____ nerves.	sensory
Which is true of a reflex arc?	It always consists of an afferent neuron and an efferent neuron.
The efferent pathways of the autonomic nervous system consist of the ________ nervous systems.	sympathetic and parasympathetic
Which of the following is the deepest connective tissue layer of a nerve?	Endoneurium
Fascicles are held together by a connective tissue layer called the:	perineurium.
Neurons in the CNS have less chance of regenerating for all of the following reasons except:	microglia lay down scar tissue.
Dendrites conduct impulses _____ cell bodies.	toward
The largest and most numerous types of neuroglia are the:	astrocytes.
The nervous system is organized to do which of the following?	Detect changes in the external environment. Detect changes in the internal environment. All of the above are true.
Schwann cells have a function in the PNS that is similar to that of which cells in the CNS?	Oligodendrocytes
A neuron that transmits a nerve impulse toward the central nervous system is called a(n):	sensory neuron.
Which of the following compounds cannot cross the blood-brain barrier?	Dopamine
The autonomic nervous system does not stimulate:	skeletal muscles.
Regeneration of nerve fibers will take place only if the cell body is intact and the fibers have:	a neurilemma.
Astrocytes attach to:	neurons. blood vessels.
The three divisions of the brain that make up the brainstem are the	medulla oblongata, midbrain, and pons.
Which letter indicates the pelvic sympathetic trunk?	E
Which letter indicates Wernicke's area, which is important for understanding spoken words?	D
The two efferent divisions of the autonomic nervous system are the	sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions.
Which letter indicates the primary visual cortex, which receives information from neurons in the retina of the eye?	E
Which letter indicates the cardiac plexus?	B
The large fluid-filled spaces within the brain are called the	ventricles.
Which letter indicates epithelial tactile complexes (Merkel discs), light pressure receptors found in the epidermis?	A
A subdivision of the nervous system that regulates involuntary effectors is the _____ nervous system.	autonomic
Which letter indicates the corpora quadrigemina, meaning "four bodies"?	D
The lower end of the spinal cord, with its attached spinal nerve roots, gives the appearance of a horse’s tail called the	cauda equina.
The ventral rami of most spinal nerves subdivide to form complex networks called	plexuses.
The enteric nervous system is made up of a complex network of nerve plexuses that control the visceral effectors in the	intestinal wall.
Which letter indicates a bulbous corpuscle (Ruffini ending) that slowly adapts to deep pressure stimuli?	E
Which letter indicates a choroid plexus, which produces cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in all four ventricles of the brain?	C
Which letter indicates the primary somatosensory cortex?	C
Which letter indicates a lamellar corpuscle (Pacinian corpuscle) that rapidly adapts to deep pressure stimuli?	D
Which letter indicates the cranial nerve that has motor fibers that innervate muscles of facial expression?	D
Which letter indicates receptors that respond chiefly to pain and temperature?	C
How many pairs of spinal nerves are connected to the spinal cord?	31
Formation of the cerebrospinal fluid occurs in the	choroid plexus.
Which letter indicates the cranial nerve that transmits olfactory impulses?	A
Which letter indicates the celiac ganglion and plexus?	C
If you trace the axon inside the sympathetic chain ganglion, the preganglionic fiber branches along which pathway?	synapses with a sympathetic postganglionic neuron, sends ascending or descending branches through the sympathetic trunk to synapse with postganglionic neurons in other chain ganglia, passes through one or more ganglia without synapsing, all of the above
Which letter indicates the medulla oblongata, the functional neural connection between the pons and the spinal cord?	E
Which letter indicates the aortic plexus?	D
Dendrites and cell bodies of sympathetic preganglionic neurons are located in the	gray matter of the thoracic and upper lumbar segments of the spinal cord.
The inner protective covering of the brain is called the	meninges.
Which letter indicates the cranial nerve with nerve fibers that pass through the hypoglossal canal?	E
Which letter indicates a tactile corpuscle (Meissner's corpuscle) that is responsive to light pressure?	B
Which letter indicates the corpus callosum, which is an area of white matter where axons from one cerebral hemisphere cross the midline to the opposite hemisphere?	B
The dorsal root of each spinal nerve is easily recognized as a swelling called the	dorsal root ganglion.
Which letter indicates the structure where cranial nerve fibers from the retina cross to the opposite side of the brain?	B
Which letter indicates the cranial nerve that has three major branches?	C
Which letter indicates the left vagus nerve?	A
Individual nerves that emerge from the _____ plexus innervate the lower part of the shoulder and the entire arm.	brachial
Spinal cord tracts provide conduction paths to and from the brain. The tracts that conduct sensory impulses down the cord from the brain are called _____ tracts.	descending
Which letter indicates an area that is characterized by huge neurons known as pyramidal cells	B
Which letter indicates the region of the brain that has the greatest surface area due to the numerous surface convolutions?	A
Which letter indicates Broca's area, which controls the motor movements necessary for speaking?	A
Nerve fibers of the spinothalamic tract are:	sensory.
Which of the following is not true of the lateral corticospinal tract fibers?	Most inhibit the lower motor neuron.
Which is not true about sympathetic postganglionic neurons?	They produce acetylcholine.
There are _____ ventricles in the brain.	four
The sensory cranial nerves include only the:	olfactory, optic, and vestibulocochlear.
Which part of the brain releases the hormone melatonin?	Pineal gland
The cervical plexus:	is found deep in the neck. is formed by the ventral rami of the first four cervical nerves and part of C5. includes the phrenic nerve. All of the above are correct.
The autonomic nervous system includes only efferent neurons.	False
Cerebrospinal fluid is found in all of the following except the:	subdural space.
Conduction to autonomic effectors requires only one efferent neuron.	False
The layer of the meninges that serves as the inner periosteum of the cranial bone is the:	dura mater.
Visceral effectors are innervated by sympathetic fibers.	True
The phrenic nerve is found in the _____ plexus.	cervical
Impulses from which system play a part in arousing or alerting the cerebrum?	Reticular activating system
Which of the following might occur from the stimulation of parasympathetic fibers?	Increased peristalsis in the digestive tract
The brainstem does not include the:	cerebellum.
Which part of the vertebral column has one more pair of nerves coming from it than it has vertebrae?	Cervical
If you were to damage some of the preganglionic fibers that enter the celiac ganglion, what effect would this have on sympathetic stimulation?	Hormones secreted by the adrenal medulla may not reach the various sympathetic effectors, thus delaying the effects of sympathetic stimulation.
The part(s) of the cerebrum associated with anger, fear, and sorrow is (are) the:	limbic system.
Some parasympathetic postganglionic neurons have their cell bodies in nuclei in the brainstem	False
The lumbar plexus gives rise to the _____ nerve.	femoral
The innermost layer of the meninges is the:	pia mater.
All of the following cranial nerves have a functional classification of motor except:	vestibulocochlear.
All of the following are characteristics of sympathetic preganglionic neurons except:	they have long fibers from CNS to ganglion.
Spinal nerves are _____ fibers.	motor and sensory
The peripheral nervous system includes:	only cranial nerves, spinal nerves, and their branches.
Effectors that have single innervation by the autonomic nervous system are innervated only by the parasympathetic division.	False
The areas specializing in language functions are found in the left cerebral hemisphere in:	about 90% of the population.
The brain has _____ major divisions.	six
Which plexus contains nerves that innervate the lower part of the shoulder and the entire arm?	Brachial
The pyramids are formed in the:	medulla.
Sensory neurons can operate in autonomic reflex arcs.	True
All cell bodies of the autonomic nervous system are located within the CNS.	False
Several “vital centers” are located in the:	medulla.
The cranial nerve that arises from the spinal cord is the:	accessory.
The nerve commonly called the vagus nerve is the _____ cranial.	tenth
“Fight-or-flight” physiological changes include all of the following except:	constriction of respiratory airways.
Parasympathetic neuron cell bodies are located in:	nuclei of the brainstem and the lateral gray columns of the sacral cord.
Axon terminals that secrete acetylcholine are called cholinergic terminals.	True
Which of the following is not a plexus of the spinal nerves?	Thoracic
The main divisions of the central nervous system are the:	brain and spinal cord.
A patient complains of numbness in the skin of the buttocks and the posterior surface of the thigh and leg. The spinal nerve or peripheral branch most likely involved with this condition is the _____ plexus.	coccygeal
The spinal nerves are connected to the spinal cord and consist of _____ pairs.	31
Which of the following cranial nerves is responsible for movements of the tongue?	Hypoglossal
Beta receptors:	bind norepinephrine.
Identify the letter that indicates a gland that secretes a hormone controlling basal metabolic rate.	B
Identify the letter that indicates the structure that is important in equalizing air pressure on both sides of the eardrum.	E
Identify the letter that indicates the structure that is called the cochlea.	D
The yellow area of the tongue presented above are the taste buds for:	bitter
Identify the letter that indicates a gland that regulates circadian rhythms.	C
Identify the letter that indicates the structure that is the boundary between the external and middle ear.	A
Identify the letter that indicates a "master gland" that secretes at least nine hormones.	A
Identify the letter that indicates the hypophysis.	A
Identify the letter that indicates the brain region that secretes releasing hormones and inhibiting hormones.	D
The purple area of the tongue presented above are the taste buds for:	sour
Identify the letter that indicates the transparent portion of the fibrous layer.	D
Identify the letter that indicates a gland that secretes melatonin.	C
Identify the letter that indicates the region of the retina that contains only cones and provides maximal visual acuity.	B
In the diagram above #3 indicates	cribiform plate of ethmoid bone
Identify the letter that indicates the portion of the fibrous layer known as the sclera.	A
Identify the letter that indicates the ciliary body.	C
In the diagram above, following the sensation of touch from the skin up the spinal cord to the brain, what is the final destination (the blue area) called?	Primary somatosensory cortex
Identify the letter that indicates a gland that secretes corticosteroids	D
Identify the letter that indicates a commissure connecting left and right cerebral hemispheres.	B
Identify the letter that indicates an organ that secretes hormones controlling blood sugar levels.	E
Identify the letter that indicates the anterior segment, which is filled with aqueous humor.	E
Identify the letter that indicates the structure that contains receptors for rotational acceleration.	C
In the diagram above #6 indicates	Olfactory neurons
Identify the letter that indicates the middle ear ossicle that is known as the stirrup.	B
Identify the letter that indicates an immune organ that also secretes hormones.	C
Which of the following statements does not correctly describe the spiral organ of Corti?	The tectorial membrane bends with vibrations, whereas the basilar membrane is rigid and fixed.
Class of hormones secreted during chronic stress that depress immune function.	glucocorticoids
Gustatory cells are located in all of the following areas except	on the apical surface of vallate papillae on the tongue.
Largest purely endocrine gland in the body.	thyroid gland
Which of the following areas has the highest concentration of cones?	the fovea centralis
Which of the following minerals is essential for the formation of thyroid hormone?	iodine
Membrane attached to the stapes.	oval window
Region of the hypophysis that contains secretory endocrine cells derived from the oral ectoderm.	adenohypophysis
Endocrine gland of the thorax that is also important in immune function.	thymus gland
The anatomical stalk of the pituitary is also known as	infundibulum.
Transparent mucous membrane covering the inner surface of the eyelid.	conjunctiva
Pancreatic cell type that produces insulin.	beta cells
Endolymph-filled structure containing receptors for hearing.	cochlear duct
Hormone that inhibits osteoclast activity in children.	calcitonin
The hormone produced by the heart	increases the excretion of sodium in the urine.
Which endocrine gland stores enough of its hormone extracellularly to last several months?	the thyroid
The basilar membrane supports the	spiral organ.
The nerve carrying taste information from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue is the	facial.
Gel-like structure embedded with the tips of cochlear hair cells.	tectorial membrane
Bony labyrinth structure containing the utricle and saccule.	vestibule
Region of the adrenal cortex that secretes DHEA.	zona reticularis
The hypophyseal portal veins are primarily located in the	infundibulum.
Which of the following endocrine glands develops primarily from the endoderm of the pharynx?	thyroid and parathyroids
Endolymph is made	in the stria vascularis.
Which of the following is not part of the flow of taste sensation along the gustatory pathway to the cerebral cortex?	Hypothalamic appetite centers
Pyramid-shaped gland consisting of neural crest-derived cells and endocrine secretory cells.	adrenal gland
Transparent structure of the eye containing regularly aligned collagen fibers.	cornea
Melanin-containing layer of the eye's vascular tunic.	choroid
Fluid filling the posterior segment of the eye.	vitreous humor
Receptors for hearing are located in the	cochlear duct.
Identify the letter that indicates the fraction that of leukocytes that represents monocytes.	E
Identify the letter that indicates the fraction of leukocytes that represents neutrophils.	A
Which are the two baroreceptors that are located near the heart?	aortic baroreceptors and carotid baroreceptors
The localized pressure gradient needed to maintain blood flow in a tissue is called	perfusion pressure.
Identify the letter that indicates the longest vein in the body.	E
Factors that affect the strength of myocardial contraction are called	inotropic factors.
Identify the letter that indicates the ulnar artery.	E
Identify the letter that indicates the ligamentum arteriosum.	C
Cardiac output is determined by	stroke volume and heart rate.
Identify the letter that indicates a connective tissue layer consisting of longitudinal collagen fibers.	D
Identify the letter that indicates anchor points for chordae tendineae, composed of cells from the myocardium	B
Identify the letter that indicates the fraction of leukocytes that represents eosinophils.	B
Identify the letter that indicates the cephalic vein.	C
Identify the letter that indicates the formed element of the blood that develops into phagocytic cells called macrophages.	D
Identify the letter that is indicating the lumen.	E
Identify the letter that indicates the left auricle.	D
Identify the letter that indicates the common carotid arteries.	C
Identify the letter that indicates the location of the bundle branches.	C
Blood viscosity stems mainly from the red blood cells but also partly from the _____ in blood.	protein molecules present
Identify the letter that indicates the blood vessel layer that is comprised of circular and longitudinal smooth muscle.	C
Identify the letter that indicates the vessel that arises from the union of the left and right brachiocephalic veins.	A
Identify the letter that indicates the fraction of leukocytes that represents lymphocytes.	D
Starling’s law of the heart states that, within limits, the longer, or more stretched, the heart fibers are at the beginning of the contraction, the	stronger the contraction.
Identify the letter that indicates the subendothelial layer associated with larger blood vessels.	B
Identify the letter that indicates the tissue layer of the heart known as the epicardium.	E
Identify the letter that indicates the brachial artery.	D
Identify the letter that indicates formed elements of the blood that are important in blood clotting.	E
Identify the letter that indicates the aortic arch.	B
Identify the letter that indicates the location of the subendocardial conducting network	D
Identify the letter that indicates the left coronary artery.	E
The outermost layer of the larger blood vessels is the tunica	adventitia.
The normal cardiac impulse that initiates mechanical contraction of the heart arises in the	SA node.
The free edges of the atrioventricular valves are anchored to the	papillary muscles.
During fetal circulation, what opening in the septum, between the right and left atria, directs most of the blood so that it bypasses the fetal lungs?	foramen ovale
Which types of arteries are also called conducting arteries and include the aorta?	elastic arteries
The heart has its own special covering, a loose-fitting inextensible sac called the	pericardium
Which layer of the larger blood vessels is made up of endothelium?	tunica intima
The _____ is(are) supplied with blood from the left subclavian artery.	head and upper extremities
Renal veins drain blood from the	KIDNEY
The bulk of the heart wall is the thick, contractile middle layer called the	myocardium
The normal ECG is composed of all of the following except a	P wave.
The internal iliac artery supplies blood to the	pelvis.
Erythrocytes begin their maturation sequence in red bone marrow from nucleated cells known as:	hematopoietic stem cells.
A decrease in the amount of white blood cells is called	leukopenia.
A glycoprotein hormone that is secreted to increase oxygen concentration in the tissues is	erythropoietin.
Microscopic vessels that carry blood from small arteries to small veins are	capillaries.
A graphic record of the heart’s electrical activity is a(n)	ECG.
The four structures that compose the conduction system of the heart are the	SA node, AV node, AV bundle, and Purkinje fibers
After blood leaves the lungs and returns to the heart, it enters the	left atrium.
the _____ drains much of the superficial leg and foot.	great saphenous vein
The heart valves that are located where the trunk of the pulmonary artery joins the right ventricle and where the aorta joins the left ventricle are called	semilunar valves.
Platelets play an important role in	blood clotting.
Mechanical devices that permit the flow of blood in one direction only are called	valves.
The type of membranous tissue that lines the heart and blood vessels is the	endothelium.
In _____, blood moves from veins to other veins or arteries to other arteries without passing through an intervening capillary network.	vascular anastomoses
Which sphincters function as regulatory valves that reduce the flow of blood through a network of capillaries when they contract and constrict the arterioles?	precapillary sphincters
The brachiocephalic vein drains blood from the	head, neck, and upper extremity.
Neutrophils are highly mobile and phagocytic. They migrate out of blood vessels and into tissue spaces. This process is called	diapedesis.
Blood flow from the heart through blood vessels to all parts of the body and back to the heart is referred to as _____ circulation.	systemic
The term blood type refers to the type of blood cell	antigen.
Identify the letter that indicates the smallest lymphatic vessel that collects lymph in the peripheral tissue.	B
Identify the letter that indicates where most nutrient and waste exchange occurs between the tissue and blood.	A
Identify the letter that indicates the unique arrangement of endothelial cells that make up lymphatic capillaries.	E
Identify the letter that indicates inguinal lymph nodes that filter lymph from the lower limbs.	E
Identify the letter that indicates the large lymph vessel that drains three-quarters of the body.	C
Identify the letter that indicates collagen fibers that anchor lymphatic capillaries to surrounding connective tissue.	D
Identify the letter that indicates lymph nodes that direct lymph fluid to the jugular trunks.	B
Identify the letter that indicates a vessel that carries oxygenated blood to peripheral tissues	C
Identify the letter that indicates where lymph collected from the right arm enters the bloodstream.	A
Identify the letter that indicates the first structure to receive lymph from both the lumbar and intestinal trunks and is located on the surface of L1 and L2 vertebrae.	D
The primary organ of the lymphatic system is the	thymus.
Because T cells attack pathogens more directly, T-cell immune mechanisms are classified as _____ immunity.	cell-mediated
Activities that result in central movement or flow of lymph are called	lymphokinetic activities.
Chemotaxis is the process by which a cell navigates toward the source of the chemotactic factor by way of	detecting and then moving toward higher concentrations of the factor.
Bean-shaped structures located at certain intervals along the lymphatic system are	lymph nodes.
Antibodies are proteins of the family called	immunoglobulins.
Molecules formed by the reactions of the complement cascade assemble themselves on the enemy cell’s surface, which results in	cytolysis.
Each cortical nodule is composed of packed lymphocytes that surround a less dense area called a	germinal center.
During their residence in the thymus, pre-T cells develop into _____, cells that proliferate as rapidly as any in the body.	thymocytes
The _____ postulates that when an antigen enters the body, it selects the clone whose cells are committed to synthesizing its specific antibody and stimulates these cells to proliferate and to thereby produce more antibodies.	clonal selection theory
Masses of lymphoid tissue located in a protective ring under the mucous membranes in the mouth and the back of the throat are called	tonsils.
Which of the following is a powerful poison that acts directly on any cell and quickly kills it?	lymphotoxin
The movement of phagocytes from blood vessels to an inflammation site is called	diapedesis.
Adaptive immunity, part of the body’s third line of defense, is orchestrated by two different classes of a type of white blood cell called the	lymphocyte
Which of these substances operate(s) immune mechanisms?	sebum mucus enzymes hydrochloric acid in gastric mucosa all of the above
Pyrogen molecules trigger the fever response by promoting the production of	prostaglandins.
Lymphocytes that kill many types of tumor cells and cells infected by different kinds of viruses are known as	natural killer cells.
Which organ has several functions, including defense, hematopoiesis, red blood cell and platelet destruction, and blood reservoir?	spleen
Which antibody is synthesized by immature B cells and then inserted into their plasma membranes?	immunoglobulin M
Which protein interferes with the ability of viruses to cause disease?	interferon
The ingestion and destruction of microorganisms or other small particles is calledS	phagocytosis.
Recognition of antigens by antibodies occurs when an	Antigen's epitopes fit into and bind to an antibody molecule's antigen-binding sites
The presentation of an antigen by an antigen-presenting cell activates the T cell. The cell then divides repeatedly to form a clone of identical sensitized T cells that form	effector T cells and memory cells.
Lymphatics in the villi of the small intestines are called	lacteals.
lacteals. The functions of the lymph nodes are	defense and hematopoiesis.
A tumor of the lymphoid tissue is called	lymphoma.
The body’s defense mechanisms can be organized into one of two major categories of immune mechanisms; these are	innate and adaptive immunity.
The internal environment of the human body is protected by the _____, which is(are) referred to as the first line of defense.	skin
_____ refers to a phenomenon in which the genetic characteristics common to a particular kind of organism provide defense against certain pathogens.	Species resistance
The lymphatic system serves various functions in the body. The two most important functions of this system are	fluid balance and immunity.
Identify the letter that indicates the trachealis muscle.	B
The surface of the respiratory membrane inside each alveolus is coated with a fluid containing	surfactant.
Identify the letter that indicates structures that assist in filtering, heating, and humidifying inspired air.	A
The microscopic cilia function to	move mucus toward the pharynx.
The _____ of each lung lies against the ribs and is rounded to match the contours of the thoracic cavity.	costal surface
The roof of the nose is separated from the cranial cavity by a portion of the ethmoid bone called the	cribriform plate.
Identify the letter that indicates a muscular tube that serves as a common passageway for food and air.	D
Identify the letter that indicates the cartilage that folds over the opening of the larynxthe glottis. The function of this cartilage is to prevent aspiration of foods and liquids into the lower respiratory tubes.	B
Identify the letter that indicates the opening of the pharyngotympanic tube.	B
A common condition characterized by acute inflammation of the tracheobronchial tree is	acute bronchitis.
Identify the letter that indicates a muscular tube that propels swallowed food to the stomach.	A
Identify the letter that indicates the vocal fold, or true vocal cord.	E
During respiration, the thorax	becomes larger when the chest is raised.
The vibrissae function as	filters.
The trachea divides at its lower end into two	primary bronchi.
An inflammation of the lower respiratory tract that involves the airways of the lungs is called	pneumonia.
Identify the letter that indicates a flexible tube that has C-shaped cartilaginous rings that keep it from collapsing.	E
The trachea, bronchial tree, and lungs make up the	lower respiratory tract.
Gas exchange occurs only in the	alveoli.
Identify the letter that indicates the cartilage that has a laryngeal prominence that is also known as the "Adam's apple."	D
The air-containing spaces that open, or drain, into the nasal cavity are called	paranasal sinuses.
Identify the letter that indicates Ciliated cells in this layer transport mucus laden with dust, bacteria, pollen, and viruses towards the pharynx.	C
If you were to trace the movement of air through the nose into the pharynx, it would pass through the following structures in which order?	anterior nares, vestibule, meatus, and posterior nares
Identify the letter that indicates the soft wall of the trachea allows the esophagus to expand anteriorly.	B
Identify the letter that indicates the fibromusculocartilaginous layer with hyaline cartilaginous rings that allow the trachea to bend and elongate but not collapse.	D
Identify the letter that indicates the vestibular fold, or false vocal cord.	C
Identify the letter that indicates the cartilage that anchors the vocal cords posteriorly.	A
Which organ consists largely of cartilages that are attached to one another and to surrounding structures by muscles or fibrous and elastic tissue components?	larynx
Identify the letter that indicates the uvula.	C
The small leaf-shaped cartilage that projects upward behind the tongue and hyoid bone is the	epiglottis.
The structures that deflect air as it passes through the nose are called:	conchae.
The hollow nasal cavity is separated by a midline partition called the:	septum.
Which of the following is not a function of the respiratory system?	Distributes oxygen to cells
The function of the vibrissae in the vestibule is to:	provide an initial “filter” to screen particulate matter from air that is entering the system.
The function of surfactant is to:	prevent each alveolus from collapsing as air moves in and out during respiration.
The respiratory portion of the nasal passage is lined with a mucous membrane made up of _____ epithelium.	pseudostratified columnar
The small openings in the cribriform plate function to:	allow branches of the olfactory nerve to enter the cranial cavity and reach the brain.
The lower border of the cavity of the larynx is formed by the:	cricoid cartilage.
Olfactory epithelium is found:	covering the superior turbinate.
The approximate length of the trachea, or windpipe, is _____ cm.	11
The structure in the neck known as the “Adam’s apple” is the:	thyroid cartilage.
Paranasal sinuses are normally filled with:	air.
Which of the following does not distribute air?	Alveolus
The upper respiratory tract includes all of the following structures except the:	trachea.
The small, leaf-shaped cartilage behind the tongue and hyoid bone is the:	epiglottis.
The more common name for the pharynx is the:	throat.
Gas exchange, the lungs’ main and vital function, takes place in the:	alveoli.
Which of the following is not a true statement?	Raising the ribs decreases the depth and width of the thorax.
In the right lung, the superior and middle lobes are separated by the:	horizontal fissure.
The external openings to the nasal cavities can be referred to as:	nostrils. anterior nares. external nares. all of the above.
The smallest branches of the bronchial tree are:	bronchioles.
Which of the following is not a function of the pharynx?	Determines the quality of the voice
Which of the following is not lined with a ciliated mucous membrane?	Vestibule
The eustachian tube connects the middle ear with the:	nasopharynx.
The fauces, one of the seven openings found in the pharynx, opens into the:	oropharynx.
The anatomical division of the pharynx that is located behind the mouth from the soft palate above to the level of the hyoid bone below is called the:	oropharynx.
Which of the following lists the correct sequence of air as it passes through the nose into the pharynx?	Anterior nares vestibule inferior, middle, and superior meatus posterior nares
Which of the following is true of the intrinsic muscles of the larynx?	They serve in voice production.
Which of the following is true of the cribriform plate?	It separates the nasal and cranial cavities.
The largest of the paranasal sinuses is the:	maxillary.

Created by: madridcindy1

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