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Anatomy Week 7-13
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The normal ECG is composed of all of the following except a | E wave. |
| Blood flow from the heart through blood vessels to all parts of the body and back to the heart is referred to as _____ circulation. | systemic |
| Which types of arteries are also called conducting arteries and include the aorta? | The brachiocephalic vein drains blood from the |
| The brachiocephalic vein drains blood from the | head, neck, and upper extremity. |
| Erythrocytes begin their maturation sequence in red bone marrow from nucleated cells known as: | hematopoietic stem cells. |
| The heart has its own special covering, a loose-fitting inextensible sac called the | pericardium. |
| During pregnancy, what happens to the oxygenated blood returned from the placenta via the umbilical vein? | It flows into the inferior vena cava. |
| A decrease in the amount of white blood cells is called | leukopenia. |
| The _____ is(are) supplied with blood from the left subclavian artery. | head and upper extremities |
| The normal cardiac impulse that initiates mechanical contraction of the heart arises in the | SA node. |
| The type of membranous tissue that lines the heart and blood vessels is the | endothelium. |
| During fetal circulation, what opening in the septum, between the right and left atria, directs most of the blood so that it bypasses the fetal lungs? | foramen ovale |
| The term blood type refers to the type of blood cell | antigen. |
| The bulk of the heart wall is the thick, contractile middle layer called the | myocardium. |
| Atria are often called _____ because they receive blood from vessels called veins. | receiving chambers |
| All of the following are granulocytes except | lymphocytes. |
| Mechanical devices that permit the flow of blood in one direction only are called | valves. |
| Neutrophils are highly mobile and phagocytic. They migrate out of blood vessels and into tissue spaces. This process is called | diapedesis. |
| After blood leaves the lungs and returns to the heart, it enters the | left atrium. |
| A graphic record of the heart’s electrical activity is a(n) | ECG. |
| Microscopic vessels that carry blood from small arteries to small veins are | capillaries. |
| The outermost layer of the larger blood vessels is the tunica | adventitia. |
| The internal iliac artery supplies blood to the | pelvis. |
| The heart valves that are located where the trunk of the pulmonary artery joins the right ventricle and where the aorta joins the left ventricle are called | semilunar valves. |
| The four structures that compose the conduction system of the heart are the | SA node, AV node, AV bundle, and Purkinje fibers. |
| Which of the following is not a formed element found in the blood? | plasma |
| _____ is used to determine the volume percentage of red blood cells in whole blood. | Hematocrit |
| The molecule that makes up 95% of the dry weight of each red blood cell and is responsible for the red pigment is | hemoglobin. |
| The _____ drains much of the superficial leg and foot. | great saphenous vein |
| Which division of the autonomic nervous system sends fibers to the heart? | both A and B sympathetic parasympathetic |
| The hormone produced by the heart | increases the excretion of sodium in the urine. |
| Bony labyrinth structure containing the utricle and saccule. | vestibule |
| Pyramid-shaped gland consisting of neural crest-derived cells and endocrine secretory cells. | adrenal gland |
| Largest purely endocrine gland in the body. | thyroid gland |
| Transparent structure of the eye containing regularly aligned collagen fibers. | cornea |
| The nerve carrying taste information from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue is the | facial. |
| Region of the adrenal cortex that secretes DHEA. | zona reticularis |
| The basilar membrane supports the | spiral organ. |
| Which endocrine gland stores enough of its hormone extracellularly to last several months? | the thyroid |
| Hormone that inhibits osteoclast activity in children. | calcitonin |
| Fluid filling the posterior segment of the eye. | vitreous humor |
| The hypophyseal portal veins are primarily located in the | infundibulum. |
| The anatomical stalk of the pituitary is also known as | infundibulum. |
| Endocrine gland of the thorax that is also important in immune function. | thymus gland |
| Transparent mucous membrane covering the inner surface of the eyelid. | conjunctiva |
| Class of hormones secreted during chronic stress that depress immune function. | glucocorticoids |
| Endolymph-filled structure containing receptors for hearing. | cochlear duct |
| Which of the following statements does not correctly describe the spiral organ of Corti? | The tectorial membrane bends with vibrations, whereas the basilar membrane is rigid and fixed. |
| Gel-like structure embedded with the tips of cochlear hair cells. | tectorial membrane |
| Which of the following endocrine glands develops primarily from the endoderm of the pharynx? | thyroid and parathyroids |
| Gustatory cells are located in all of the following areas except | on the apical surface of vallate papillae on the tongue. |
| Melanin-containing layer of the eye's vascular tunic. | choroid |
| Endolymph is made | in the stria vascularis. |
| Which of the following minerals is essential for the formation of thyroid hormone? | iodine |
| Which of the following is not part of the flow of taste sensation along the gustatory pathway to the cerebral cortex? | hypothalamic appetite centers |
| Region of the hypophysis that contains secretory endocrine cells derived from the oral ectoderm. | adenohypophysis |
| Receptors for hearing are located in the | cochlear duct. |
| Membrane attached to the stapes. | oval window |
| Which of the following areas has the highest concentration of cones? | the fovea centralis |
| Pancreatic cell type that produces insulin. | beta cells |
| Adaptive immunity, part of the body’s third line of defense, is orchestrated by two different classes of a type of white blood cell called the | lymphocyte. |
| The lymphatic system serves various functions in the body. The two most important functions of this system are | fluid balance and immunity. |
| A tumor of the lymphoid tissue is called | lymphoma. |
| Lymphatics in the villi of the small intestines are called | lacteals. |
| Each cortical nodule is composed of packed lymphocytes that surround a less dense area called a | germinal center. |
| The body’s defense mechanisms can be organized into one of two major categories of immune mechanisms; these are | innate and adaptive immunity. |
| The internal environment of the human body is protected by the _____, which is(are) referred to as the first line of defense. | skin |
| Which protein interferes with the ability of viruses to cause disease? | Which protein interferes with the ability of viruses to cause disease? |
| Molecules formed by the reactions of the complement cascade assemble themselves on the enemy cell’s surface, which results in | cytolysis. |
| _____ refers to a phenomenon in which the genetic characteristics common to a particular kind of organism provide defense against certain pathogens. | Species resistance |
| The movement of phagocytes from blood vessels to an inflammation site is called | diapedesis. |
| Antibodies are proteins of the family called | immunoglobulins. |
| During their residence in the thymus, pre-T cells develop into _____, cells that proliferate as rapidly as any in the body. | thymocytes |
| The primary organ of the lymphatic system is the | thymus. |
| Activities that result in central movement or flow of lymph are called | lymphokinetic activities. |
| Pyrogen molecules trigger the fever response by promoting the production of | prostaglandins. |
| Chemotaxis is the process by which a cell navigates toward the source of the chemotactic factor by way of | detecting and then moving toward higher concentrations of the factor. |
| Lymphocytes that kill many types of tumor cells and cells infected by different kinds of viruses are known as | natural killer cells. |
| Which organ has several functions, including defense, hematopoiesis, red blood cell and platelet destruction, and blood reservoir? | spleen |
| Which antibody is synthesized by immature B cells and then inserted into their plasma membranes? | immunoglobulin M |
| Because T cells attack pathogens more directly, T-cell immune mechanisms are classified as _____ immunity. | cell-mediated |
| The presentation of an antigen by an antigen-presenting cell activates the T cell. The cell then divides repeatedly to form a clone of identical sensitized T cells that form | effector T cells and memory cells. |
| Bean-shaped structures located at certain intervals along the lymphatic system are | lymph nodes. |
| Masses of lymphoid tissue located in a protective ring under the mucous membranes in the mouth and the back of the throat are called | tonsils. |
| Which of the following is a powerful poison that acts directly on any cell and quickly kills it? | lymphotoxin |
| The functions of the lymph nodes are | defense and hematopoiesis. |
| The ingestion and destruction of microorganisms or other small particles is called | phagocytosis. |
| Which of these substances operate(s) immune mechanisms? | all of the above sebum mucus enzymes hydrochloric acid in gastric mucosa |
| The _____ postulates that when an antigen enters the body, it selects the clone whose cells are committed to synthesizing its specific antibody and stimulates these cells to proliferate and to thereby produce more antibodies. | clonal selection theory |
| Recognition of antigens by antibodies occurs when an | Antigen's epitopes fit into and bind to an antibody molecule's antigen-binding sites |
Created by:
AudreeSeely