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ES ch. 24 & 25
Earth's resources and energy resources
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Natural resource | resources provided by Earth, including air, water, land, all living organism, nutrients, rocks and minerals |
| Renewable resource | natural resource, such as fresh air and most groundwater, that can be replaced by nature in a short period of time. |
| Sustainable yield | replacement of renewable resources at the same rate in which they are consumed |
| Nonrenewable resource | resources that exist in Earth's crust in a fixed amount and can only be replaced by geological, physical or chemical processes that take hundreds of millions of years |
| Desertification | process by which productive land becomes desert; in arid areas can occur by a loss of topsoil |
| Aggregate | mixture of sand, gravel and crushed stone that accumulates naturally; found in floodplains, alluvial fans or glacial deposits |
| Bedrock | describes sediments that are too heavy or large to be kept in suspension or solution and are pushed or rolled along the bottom of a streambed |
| Ore | mineral that contains a valuable substance that can be mined at a profit |
| Tailings | material left after mineral ore has been extracted from parent rock, can release harmful chemicals into groundwater or surface water |
| Nitrogen-fixing bacteria | bacteria found in water or soil; can grow on the roots of some plants, capture nitrogen gas, and change into a form that plants can use to build proteins |
| Pollutant | substance that enters into Earth's geochemical cycles and can harm the health of living things and adversely affect their activities |
| Hydrogen bond | forms when the positive ends of some water molecules are attracted to the negative end of other water molecules; cause water's surface to contract and allow water to adhere to and coat a solid. |
| Desalination | process that removes salt from seawater in order to provide freshwater |
| Fuel | material, such as wood, peat or coal, burned to produce energy. |
| Biomass fuel | fuels derived from living things renewable resources |
| Hydrocarbon | molecule with hydrogen and carbon bonds only the result of the combination of carbon dioxide and water during photosynthesis |
| Peat | light, spongy, organic fossil fuel derived from moss and other bog plants |
| Fossil fuel | nonrenewable energy resource formed over geologic time from the compression and partial decomposition of organism that lived millions of years ago. |
| Photovoltaic cell | thin, transparent wafer that converts sunlight into electrical energy and is made up of two layers of two types of silicon |
| Hydroelectric power | power generated by converting the energy of free falling water to electricity |
| Geothermal energy | energy produced by Earth's naturally occurring heat, steam, and hot water |
| Nuclear fission | the process in which a heavy nucleus divides to form smaller nuclei and one of two neutrons and produces a large amount of energy |
| Energy efficiency | a type of conservation in which the amount of work produced is compared to the amount of energy used |
| Cogeneration | production of two usable forms of energy at the same time from the same process, which can conserve resources and generate income. |
| Sustainable energy | involves global management of Earth's natural resources to ensure that current and future energy needs will be met without harming the environment. |
Created by:
lisagardiner