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Which of the following is a foundational concept that is uniquely important in the discipline of anthropology?
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Which of the following is not a common practice within applied anthropology?
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Oluwakemi
Anthro
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Which of the following is a foundational concept that is uniquely important in the discipline of anthropology? | Holism |
| Which of the following is not a common practice within applied anthropology? | working consistently from the sidelines |
| An “emic” perspective is the perspective of… | the studied culture. |
| Active participant observation is… | traveling to a location, living among people, and observing their day-to-day lives. |
| What is the study of how meaning is conveyed at the word and phrase level? | Semantics |
| The study of the sounds of language is known as what? | Phonology |
| The broad, holistic anthropological view is an expansive and inclusive perspective, and it involves the study of human beings as: | interconnected and interdependent cultural and social organisms, with histories |
| Cultural anthropologists commonly collect data through a method known as… | Participant observation |
| Franz Boas pushed hard against the common tendency to judge others by one’s own culture, rather than by the basic assumptions of the culture being studied, and that common tendency is known as… | ethnocentrism |
| Culture is considered to be all of the following, except: | static |
| The cultural norms and attitudes surrounding food and eating are known as… | foodways |
| What is a commodity chain? | The series of steps a food takes from the location where it is produced to the store where it is sold to consumers. |
| What are three distinct ways to integrate economic and social relations and to distribute material goods? | Market exchange, reciprocity, and redistribution |
| is also known as hunting and gathering. | Foraging |
| What is the most prevalent form of labor around the world? | The unpaid work that is conducted within the household, the family, and the neighborhood or wider community. |
| Consumption is _______, even when it addresses physical needs. | always social |
| What do anthropologists call a form of violence in which a social structure or institution harms people by preventing them from meeting their basic needs? | Structural violence |
| Settled farming emerged around _______ years ago. | 12,000 |
| Structural violence can include things like… | . All of the above |
| Today, anthropologists recognize that _____, far from being primitive, is one of the most effective and dynamic subsistence systems humans have ever developed, though Marshal Sahlins’ conception of the original “affluent society” is overly romantic. | foraging |
| The term clan refers to… | d. a group of people who have a general notion of common descent that is not attached to a specific ancestor |
| Cultural rules or expectations emphasizing the need to marry within a cultural group are known as…. | endogamy |
| What are kinship systems that recognize only one sex-based “side” of the family known as | Unilineal descent systems |
| What is bilateral descent? | Descent that recognizes both the mother’s and the father’s “sides” of the family |
| The position of a chief in a chiefdom is… | permanent political status that demands a successor when the current chief dies |
| In most cultures around the world, marriage is… | . All of the above |
| What is a lineage | Individuals who can trace or demonstrate their descent through a line of males or females to the founding ancestor |
| _____ can be useful when completing anthropological field research and are particularly helpful when documenting changes in families over time. | Kinship charts |
| What is the name for the division of society into groups based on wealth and status? | Social classes |
| ____ have a clear tendency toward instability despite trappings designed to induce awe in the wider population. | States |
| What is the difference between sex and gender? | gender is the cultural meaning assigned to biological differentiation between the sexes |
| The “man-the-hunter” theoretical scenarios… | . All of the above |
| Same-sex sexual and romantic relationships probably exist in every society, but concepts like “gay,” “lesbian,” and “bisexual” are _______ that, in many ways, reflect a culturally specific gender ideology and a set of beliefs about how sexual preferences | cultural products |
| Anthropological studies of gender, women’s studies, and gender studies incorporate studies of… | d. All of the above |
| Martha Ward and Monica Edelstein estimate that intersex individuals constitute what percent of human births? | c. 5% |
| Social characteristics such as ____ can influence how an anthropologist engages in fieldwork. | All of the above |
| Since World War II, important research by anthropologists has revealed that racial categories are _________ defined concepts and that racial labels and their definitions vary widely around the world. | socially and culturally |
| One of the biggest reasons so many people continue to believe in the existence of biological human races is that the idea has been intensively _____ in literature, the media, and culture for more than three hundred years. | reified |
| Cultural definitions of gender that recognize some gender differentiation, but also accept “gender bending” and role-crossing according to individual capacities and preferences are known as… | androgyny |
| What is patriarchy? | A male-dominated political and authority structure, and an ideology that privileges males over females overall and in every strata of society. |
| The “technoscape” of globalization refers to… | flows of technology |
| What is the series of steps a food takes from the location where it is produced to the store where it is sold to consumers known as? | The commodity chain |
| Religions based on the idea that plants, animals, inanimate objects, and even natural phenomena like weather have a spiritual or supernatural element are called… | animism |
| A ___ is a person who claims to have direct communication with the supernatural realm and who can communicate divine messages to others. | prophet |
| The concept of “lifestyle,” from an anthropological perspective, refers to… | . All of the above |
| To study supernatural beliefs, anthropologists must cultivate a perspective of ____ and strive to understand beliefs from ___ or insider’s perspective. | cultural relativism; an emic |
| Religious cosmologies are… | ways of explaining the origin of the universe and the principle(s) or “order” that governs reality. |
| Globalization is… | the total scope of global cultural contact, along with the speed and scale of such contact |
| What is magic, from an anthropological perspective? | Practices intended to bring supernatural forces under one’s personal control |
| What is cultural appropriation? | The act of copying an idea from another culture and in the process distorting its meaning. |
| What are metacommunicative framing devices? | They offer layered information about how to interpret the ensuing message, and they include codes, figurative language, parallelisms, paralinguistic features, and appeals to tradition. |
| What is cultural ecology? | . A subfield of cultural anthropology that explores the relationship between human cultural beliefs and practice and the ecosystems in which those beliefs and practices occur. |
| What are examples of sites of cultural performance and performances of culture? | All of the above |
| Some ways anthropologists have become involved in environmental causes in Brazil include… | d. All of the above |
| Globalization has affected new types of cultural performances. For example, ___. | d. All of the above |
| In anthropological terms, a performance can be… | All of the above |
| The following exemplifies what Erving Goffman referred to as “presentation of self”-- | d. All of the above |
| When local residents benefit from protected area jobs as ___, they recognize the positive economic benefits of protected area conservation and support the initiatives. | All of the above |
| What are hegemonic discourses? | Situations in which thoughts and actions are dictated by those in authority. |
| __ are anthropological approaches helping researchers think about, for example, the role of bacteria in human evolution and cultural development, and remind us that diseases, parasites, and symbiotic gut bacteria that allow us to eat certain kinds of food | Multispecies ethnographies |
| What is the mechanical infrastructure, according to media anthropologists? | The apparatuses that bring networks of technology into existence. |
| Media anthropologists… | All of the above |
| What is indigenous media? | Media produced by and for indigenous communities often outside of the commercial mainstream. |
| What is medical anthropology? | All of the above |
| What are the four ethno-etiologies? | . personalistic, naturalistic, emotionalistic, and biomedical |
| What is the biomedical ethno-etiology? | It applies insights from science, particularly biology and chemistry, to the diagnosis and treatment of medical conditions. |
| What is ethnomedicine? | The comparative study of cultural ideas about wellness, illness, and healing. |
| Some subjects or approaches separate media anthropologists from other media scholars, including… | a commitment to long-term, participant-observation based fieldwork. |
| What are personalistic ethno-etiologies? | They view disease as the result of the active, purposeful intervention of an agent, who may be human, nonhuman, or supernatural. |
| What is fabrication, used in media anthropology? | Taking the essence of what is being said by people, to combine or rearrange it, to create an ethnographic account that demonstrates the points most relevant for the research. |
Created by:
walkemi