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Apologia Chem M13A
Thermodynamics
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| In a chemical reaction, ____________________ energy is STORED in the BONDS of the molecules in the reaction. | potential |
| In a chemical reaction, kinetic energy is the ________ that is either released or absorbed in the reaction. | heat |
| If a chemical reaction has a positive ΔH, the beaker that contains the reaction will feel ________ when the reaction is finished. | cold |
| Hess's law is a more exact method of determining ΔH than using bond energies because | it takes into account the phases of each substance in the reaction. |
| A state function is one whose final value is ____________________ of the path taken to get there. | independent |
| If ΔH is zero, then the reactants and products in a reaction have the ________ potential energy. | same |
| An energy diagram for a reaction with a large activation energy would have | a large bump at the intermediate state. |
| For a reaction to be spontaneous, the Gibbs free energy must be | negative. |
| exothermic | energy is released in the reaction, we can think of it as a product in the reaction |
| endothermic | energy is absorbed in a reaction, we can think of it as a reactant |
| enthalpy | the energy stored in a substance |
| change in enthalpy (ΔH) | the energy change that accompanies a chemical reaction |
| ΔH is positive for | endothermic reactions. |
| ΔH is negative for | exothermic reactions. |
| We can measure the ΔH of a chemical reaction through | experimentation, using bond energies, or with Hess' law. |
| bond energy | the strength of a chemical bond |
| We need to be able to look at a chemical equation in terms of its | Lewis structures. |
| The stoichiometric coefficients in a chemical equation refer to | the number of moles. |
| Bond energy is independent of | the order of the atoms. Therefore, H-O is the same as O-H as far as bond energies are concerned. |
| Germain Henri Hess | Russian chemist, experimental work less to the development of Hess's law |
| Hess's law | enthalpy is a state function |
| enthalpy of formation (ΔHf) | the ΔH of a formation reaction |
| formation reaction | a reaction that forms a single substance from simpler components |
| the enthalpy of any element in its elemental form = | 0 |
| standard conditions | room temp (25 degrees C) & normal atmospheric pressure (1.00 atm) |
| ΔHf° | standard enthalpies of formation |
Created by:
MrsHough
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