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Apologia Chem M13A

Thermodynamics

QuestionAnswer
In a chemical reaction, ____________________ energy is STORED in the BONDS of the molecules in the reaction. potential
In a chemical reaction, KINETIC energy is the ________ that is either released or absorbed in the reaction. heat
If a reaction has a POSITIVE ΔH, the beaker that contains the reaction will feel ________ when the reaction is finished. cold
Hess's law is a more precise means of determining ΔH because it takes into account the ___________ of each substance. phase
A state function is one whose final value is ____________________ of the path taken to get there. independent
If ΔH is zero, then the reactants and products in a reaction have the ________ potential energy. same
An energy diagram for a reaction with a large activation energy would have a ____________ bump at the intermediate state. large
For a reaction to be ______________________, the Gibbs free energy must be negative. spontaneous
In EXOTHERMIC reactions, energy is RELEASED in the reaction, so we can think of it as a ________________ . product
In ENDOTHERMIC reactions, energy is ABSORBED in the reaction, so we can think of it as a _________________. reactant
enthalpy the energy STORED in a substance
change in enthalpy (ΔH) the energy CHANGE that accompanies a chemical reaction
ΔH is ________________ for endothermic reactions. positive
ΔH is ________________ for exothermic reactions. negative
We can measure the ΔH of a chemical reaction through experimentation, using bond energies, or with Hess' law.
bond energy the strength of a chemical bond
We need to be able to look at a chemical equation in terms of its Lewis structures.
The stoichiometric coefficients in a chemical equation refer to the number of moles.
Hess's law enthalpy is a state function
enthalpy of formation (ΔHf) the ΔH of a formation reaction
the enthalpy of any element in its elemental form = 0
standard conditions room temp (25 degrees C) & normal atmospheric pressure (1.00 atm)
ΔHf° standard enthalpies of formation
Created by: MrsHough
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