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week 8 lecture
GA1: Neurology of UE
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the big branch of mixed spinal nerves that goes anterior (ventral) and creates the nerves plexuses along with peripheral nerves | Ventral rami of spinal nerves |
| ramus means what? | arm |
| The mixed spinal nerves passes through _____ | Intervertebral foramina |
| What do the rami of that particular branch describe? | whether that branch is going to go anterior, ventral or posterior |
| The segments C5-T1 describe what plexus? | Brachial plexus |
| The segments C1-C4 describe what plexus? | Cervical plexus? |
| The segments T1-T11 describe what nerves? | Intercostal nerves |
| The segment T12 describe what nerve? | Subcostal nerve |
| What nerve is BELOW rib 12 | subcostal nerve |
| What plexus heads into the upper extremity and innervates all of the anterior, posterior arm and forearm? | Brachial Plexus |
| What plexus nerve roots carries both sensory and motor for the chest, upper thorax, shoulder and upper extremity? | Brachial plexus |
| The ______ form the first part of the brachial plexus and emerge. These are the _____ that emerge from the IFV and interval between the anterior and posterior _____ with the ____ artery | 1. nerve roots 2. spinal nerves 3. scalene 4. subclavian artery |
| What tight muscles contribute to the entrapment of the nerve roots of the brachial plexus? | Scalene muscles |
| How many roots are there of the brachial plexus? Name them. | 1. 5 roots 2. C5-T1 |
| The roots of the brachial plexus join together to create _____ (give the number as well) | 3 Trunks |
| The trunks of the brachial plexus branch off to give ___ posterior and ___ anterior _____ | 1. 3 2. 3 3. divisions |
| How many cords are there from the brachial plexus divisions? | 3 |
| How many terminal branches are there from the brachial plexus cords ? These terminal branches are also known as what? | 1. 5 2. peripheral nerves |
| Give 2 examples of terminal/peripheral nerves of the brachial plexus. | Musculocutaneous nerves, radial nerve, ulnar nerve, median nerve |
| The nerves from the spinal nerves prior to entering the brachial plexus give off the ______ nerve and these branches _____ that innervate longs coli and the scalene. | 1. Phrenic nerve 2. C5-C8 |
| What spinal segments contributes to the phrenic nerve? | C5 |
| From the roots of the brachial plexus what two nerves arise? | Dorsal scapular nerve and Long thoracic nerve |
| The Dorsal scapular nerve arrises this spinal root ____ and innervates ______ & _______ | 1. C5 2. rhomboids 3. levator scapulae |
| This nerve goes posterior- through the muscle belly of the middle scalene, passes behind the posterior scalene and lies between the levator scapulae and posterior scalene. The entrapment of this nerve can lead to muscle weakness of what 2 muscles. | (dorsal scapular nerve C5) 1. rhomboids 2. levator scapulae |
| The long thoracic nerve is part of these spinal roots _____ and innervates _____ | 1. C5-C7 sometimes C8 2. serratus anterior |
| At the ____ part of the neck the roots of the brachial plexus unite to form these 3 trunks_______, _______, ______ | 1. inferior 2. superior trunk 3. middle trunk 4. inferior trunk |
| What brachial plexus trunk forms from the union of the C5 and C6 nerve roots? | Superior trunk |
| What brachial plexus trunk is a continuation of the C7 nerve root? | Middle trunk |
| What brachial plexus trunk forms from the union of the C8 and T1 nerve roots? | Inferior trunk |
| What 2 nerves arrises from the trunks of the brachial plexus? | 1. Nerve to subclavius 2. Suprascapular nerve |
| The _____ nerve from the trunk of the brachial plexus is from the C5-C6 nerve roots and innervates the ______. | 1. nerve to subclavius 2. subclavius |
| This nerve from the trunk of the brachial plexus is from the C5-C6 nerve roots and goes posterior and heads towards the supraspinatus through the suprascapular notch and innervates 2 of the rotator cuff muscles. | 1. suprascapular nerve |
| Each trunk of the brachial plexus divides into _____ and _____ divisions as the plexus passes through ______ (superior opening to the axilla) and posterior to the ______ | 1. anterior 2. posterior 3. cervico-axillary canal 4. clavicle |
| The anterior division of the brachial plexus supplies the _____ compartments | 1. anterior (flexor) |
| The posterior division of the brachial plexus supplies the _____ compartments and a little bit of the _____ | 1. posterior (extensor) 2. shoulder |
| The cords of the brachial plexus are named for their relationship to what? | axillary artery |
| After the subclavian artery passes underneath the clavicle it becomes this artery _____. After this artery becomes more distal to the shoulder it becomes this artery_____ | 1. The axillary artery 2. brachial artery |
| The brachial artery turns into what 2 arteries? | 1. radial artery 2. unlar artery |
| What cord of the brachial plexus looks superior to the axillary artery in anatomical position because the arm is abducted? | lateral cord |
| What are the nerves from the lateral cord of the brachial plexus? | 1. lateral pectoral nerve 2. muscolocutaneous nerve 3. lateral cord contribution to median nerve |
| The lateral pectoral nerve is made of these nerve roots ______ and innervates _____ | 1. C5-C7 2. pectoralis major |
| The musculocutaneous nerve is made up of these nerve roots ____ and innervates____ | 1. C5-C7 2. Biceps brachii, Brachialis, Coracobrachialis , and lateral skin of forearm |
| The median nerve gets some contribution from these 2 cords_____ and ____. It is made up of these nerve roots____ and innervates the ____ in the forearm and some hand muscles. | 1. lateral cord 2. medial cord 2. , C5 sometimes, C6-C8, T1 ( lateral - C5-C8 & T1) (medial C8 & T1) 3. flexors |
| The medial pectoral nerve branches from the _____ cord and is made up of _____ nerve roots. This nerve innervates_____ | 1. medial cord 2. C8 and T1 3. pectoralis major and minor |
| The medial brachial cutaneous nerve branches off of the ____ cord and is make up this spinal root___. It innervates the skin on the ____ arm. | 1. medial cord 2. T1 3. medial |
| antebrachial refers to what | the front of the arm |
| The medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve branches off of the ___ cord and is make up of these spinal roots____. It innervates the skin on the medial ______ | 1. medial cord 2. C8 and T1 3. skin on medial FOREARM |
| The ulnar nerve branches off of the ___ cord and is made up these nerve roots____ . It innervates_____ | 1. medial cord 2. C7(sometimes) C8, T1 3. Flexor carpi ulnaris- the 2 ulnar heads of flexor digitorum profundus - many intrinsic muscles of the hand |
| What nerve that branches off of the median cord makes up 1 of the 5 peripheral branches? | Ulnar nerve |
| What nerves come off of the posterior cord of the brachial plexus? | 1. Upper subscapular nerve 2. lower subscapular nerve 3. thoracodorsal nerve 4. axillary nerve 5. radial nerve |
| The upper and lower subscapular nerves come from these nerve roots____. The upper and lower subscapular nerves both innervate the subscapularis, but which nerve also innervates the teres major? | 1. C5-C6 2. Lower subscapular nerve also innervates teres major |
| The thoracodorsal nerve branches off of the ____ cord and comes from these nerve roots____. It innervates the ____ | 1. posterior cord 2. C6-C8 3. latissimus dorsi |
| The axillary nerve branches off of the ___ cord and comes from these nerve roots____. It innervates ______. | 1. posterior cord 2. C5 -C6 3. Deltoid-teres minor, Longhead of triceps brachii |
| The radial nerve branches off of the ___ cord and comes form these nerve roots____. It innervates____ | 1. posterior cord 2. C5-C8, T1 3. triceps, anconeus, brachioradialis, extensors in the forearm and skin of posterior upper limb |
| The 5 peripheral branches of the brachial plexus are (and give nerve roots): | 1. musculocutaneous nerve (C5-C7) 2. axillary nerve (C5-C6) 3. Radial nerve (C5-C8 & T1) 4. Median nerve (C5-C8 & T1) 5. Ulnar nerve (C8 & T1) |
| The musculocutaneous nerve arises from the ____ cord of the brachial plexus. It pierces the ______ then run between the biceps and brachial to end in the skin of the ____ forearm | 1. lateral cord 2. coracobrachialis 3. lateral forearm |
| This peripheral nerve innervates the biceps brachii, brachial, and coracobrachialis. Its terminal branch innervates the skin of the lateral forearm. | Musculocutaneous nerve |
| Describe the location of the axillary nerve and where it comes from. | Arises from the axilla from the posterior cord of the brachial plexus, passes through the quadrangular space then winds posteriorly with the posterior humeral circumflex artery around the surgical neck of the humerus |
| This peripheral nerve innervates the deltoid, teres minor, long head of the triceps, skin of covering the lower half of the deltoid muscles and shoulder joint. | Axillary nerve |
| A patient comes in for a possible dislocation of the humeral head They have loss of sensation to a small area of of the skin just over the deltoid and atrophy. You also notice weakness of the shoulder during abduction. What nerve is entrapped? | Axillary nerve |
| What nerve travels with the axillary nerve and wraps around the surgical neck of the humerus? | Posterior humeral circumflex |
| What is the largest branch of the posterior cord? | Radial nerve |
| The radial nerve is the axilla passes ___ to the distal portions of the teres major and latissimus dori muscles. It leave the axilla by passing backward between the ____ and ___ heads of the triceps to lie in the ______. | 1. Anterior 2. long head of tricep 3. medial head of tricep 4. radial sulcus (spiral sulcus) |
| The radial nerve while in the radial sulcus is located between the lateral and medial heads of the triceps and is accompanied by what other artery? ( a deep branch of the radial artery) | Profunda brachii artery |
| When the radial nerve travels between the third of the humerus, the radial nerve travels between ____ and _____ to reenter the ____ compartment of the arm. | 1. brachialis 2. brachioradialis 3. anterior |
| At the level of the lateral epicondyle the radial nerve divides Ito its terminal branches. What are those 2 terminal branches? | 1. The deep branch of radial nerve/posterior interosseous 2. superficial branch of radial nerve |
| The ___ branch of the radial nerve travels around the radius within the supinator muscle and then fans out to supply the extensor muscles of the forearm. | Deep branch of radial nerve |
| The ___ branch of the radial nerve continues immediately deep to the brachioradialis muscle. | Superficial branch of radial nerve |
| The radial nerve after emerging from beneath the distal end of the brachioradialis it ends by dividing into ______ nerves to part of the ____ hand | 1. cutaneous nerves 2. dorsal hand |
| The supinator muscle can get tight with receptive actions. What nerve can this in turn end up entrapping? | The deep branch of the radial nerve |
| The radial nerve supplies the ___ in the upper limb. The ____ trunk of the radial nerve innervates the triceps, anconeus, brachioradialis, extensor carpi radials. | 1. extensors in the upper limb 2. main trunk |
| The main trunk of the radial nerve sends a small branch to the ____ portion of the brachialis and to the skin of the ____ arm and forearm. | 1. lateral portion of brachialis 2. posterior arm and forearm |
| This branch of the radial nerve innervates all the remaining extensor muscles in the forearm, supinator, and abductor pollicis longus. | Deep branch |
| This branch of the radial nerve innervates the skin on the lateral half of posterior surface of hand, and posterior surface of radial 2 1/2 or 3 1/2 digits over proximal phalanx | Superficial branch |
| The radial nerve is vulnerable to ____. In the lower limb the ____ radial nerve can be injured by a fracture of the humeral shaft. The ____ branch of the radial nerve can be injured by a dislocation or fracture to the head the radius. | 1. pressure 2. main radial nerve 3.. deep branch of radial nerve |
| This peripheral nerve arrises by the union of contribution from both the medial and lateral cords of the brachial plexus | Median nerve |
| The median nerve contributions fuse ____ to the third part of the axillary artery. The nerve then descends downwards following this artery____. | 1. anterior to the 3rd part of the axillary artery 2. brachial artery |
| As the median nerve enters the forearm between the heads of the pronator teres it gives off what branch? | Anterior interosseous branch |
| After the median nerve gives off the anterior interosseous branch it travels in the fascia on the deep surface of _____ ___ ___ muscle | Flexor digitorum superficialis muscle |
| Just above the wrist the median nerve becomes ______, then crosses the midline of the wrist between the tendons of ____ ____ ___ and ___ ___ ____. | 1. superficial 2. Flexor carpi radialis 3. palmaris longus/flexor digitorum superficialis |
| As the median nerve passes the the carpal tunnel deep to the ____ ____ it gives off the recurrent branch to the ___ muscle and small branches to the lateral 2 ____ and cutaneous branches to ______ skin on the lateral hand and radial 3 1/2 digits. | 1. flexor retinaculum 2. thenar muscles (recurrent branches) 3. lumbricales (lateral small branches) |
| What 2 muscle heads are the entrapment point for the median nerve? | Pronator teres heads |
| The median nerve innervates the most ___ in the forearm and certain ____ hand muscles along with skin on the ____ side of the palmer hand and radial 3 1/2 digits | 1. flexors in forearm 2. intrinsic hand muscles 3. lateral side of palmer hand |
| The muscular branches of the median nerve innervate the flexor muscles in the forearm except for ____ and ____. Most thenar muscles except the ___. Supplies 1st and 2nd _____ | 1. flexor carpi unarlis 2. adductor pollicis 3. lumbricals |
| The cutaneous branches of the median nerve innervates the skin of the ___ palm, the palmer skin of 3 1/2 digits and the skin of the ___ aspects of the distal 3 1/2 phalanges | 1. lateral palm 2. dorsal aspect |
| The ulnar nerve arises from the ____ cord of the brachial plexus. | Medial |
| The ulnar nerve lies ___ to the axillary and brachial arteries as it passes downward to mid-humerus and descends on the ____ surface of the triceps | 1. medial 2. anterior surface of triceps |
| The ulnar nerve travels posterior to the medial _____ and then enters the forearm. | medial epicondyle |
| Where is the ulnar nerve most vulnerable to pressure (ex hitting your funny bone) | sulcus for the ulnar nerve |
| As the ulnar nerve travels down the forearm it lies immediately deep to the ___ ___ ___ and is joined by this artery___ | 1. flexor carpi ulnaris 2. ulnar artery |
| Just above the wrist the ulnar nerve branches off into _____ and then passes around to supply the skin on the dorsal of the hand | Dorsal cutaneous branch |
| The ulnar nerve crosses the wrist ____ to the flexor retinaculum and divides into its terminal branches of the hand: ______ & _____ | 1. superficial to flexor retinaculum 2. Superficial branch of ulnar nerve 3. deep branch of ulnar nerve |
| The ulnar nerve supplies ___ of of the forearm flexors, most intrinsic hand muscles, and on the ___ side of both surfaces of the hand and ulnar 1 1/2 digits | 1. 2 flexors of the forearm 2. medial side of both surfaces |
| The____ branch of the ulnar nerve lies just above the flexor retinaculum and innervates the flexor carpi ulnaris and ulnar half of the flexor digitorum profundus | Muscular branch |
| The ___ branch of the ulnar nerve goes to the hypothenar muscles, interossei, 3rd and 4th lumbricales, adductor pollicis, and part of the flexor pollicis brevis | Deep branch |
| The __ branch of the ulnar nerve innervates the dorsal skin of the medial half of hand and ulnar 1 1/2 digits | Dorsal cutaneous branch |
| The ___ branch of the ulnar nerve innervates palmar skin of middle hand and ulnar 1 1/2 digits and the hypothenear muscle palmaris brevis | Superficial branch |
| Cubital tunnel and tunnel of guyon are sites for what nerve entrapment? | Ulnar nerve |
| Entrapment of the ulnar nerve at the cubital tunnel is located where and would causes weakness of what muscle? | Located at elbow and weakness of flexor carpi ulnaris |
| The entrapment of the ulnar nerve at the tunnel of guyon is located where would cause what? | located at the wrist and cause weakness and tingling of intrinsic hand muscles |
| In the thoracic region the smallest branch from the T1 nerve root is ___. | 1st intercostal nerve |
| The ____ nerve innervates the intercostal muscles and skin of thoracic wall and passes between rib 1 and rib 2. | 1st intercostal nerve |
| The T2 nerve root gives to ______ which goes between ribs 2 and 3 and _____ | 1. T2 intercostal nerve 2. intercostobrachial nerve |
| The ____ nerve in the thoracic region from T2 nerve root arises like a lateral cutaneous nerve, but fails to branch into anterior and posterior branches. It pierces the _____ and ____ muscles and crosses the axilla. | 1. Intercostobrachial nerve 2. intercostal and serratus anterior muscles |
| The intercostobrachial nerve innervates ____ | the skin on the medial side of the brachium |
| What nerve is likely the nerve that is the cause of arm pain during a heart attack? | intercostobrachial nerve |
| T3-T11 nerve roots give rise to _____ nerves that innervate intercostal muscles and the skin of the thoracic wall | 3-11 intercostal nerves |
| T12 nerve gives rise to ____ nerve that supplies the intercostal muscles and the skin of the thoracic wall | subcostal nerve |
| What nerve roots give rise to sympathetic nerves of the autonomic nervous system ? | T1- L3 |
| What intercostal nerves innervate the serratus posterior superior? | Intercostal nerves 2-5 |
| What intercostal nerves innervate the serratus posterior inferior? | intercostal nerves 9-12 |
| The cervical plexus is made up of what nerve roots? | C1-C4 |
| The cervical plexus is formed by the ___ rami and deep to the _____ muscle | 1. ventral (anterior) rami 2. sternocleidomastoid |
| The cervical plexus forms a neural ______ with cranial nerves _____, ____ and ___ trunk | 1. anatomosis 2. XI (11) spinal accessory 3. XII (12) hypoglossal 4. sympathetic trunk |
| The cervical plexus innervates: | Posterior head and some neck muscles |
| Name the cutaneous branches of the cervical plexus(4) | 1. lesser occipital nerve 2. greater auricular nerve 3. transverse cervical nerve 4. supraclavicular nerve |
| This cutaneous nerve of the cervical plexus comes from C2 nerve root and innervates the skin of the posterior pinna of ear to skin just posterior to the ear | Lesser occipital nerve |
| This cutaneous nerve of the cervical plexus comes from C2-C3 nerve roots and innervates most skin of the ear, over the parotid gland and mastoid process | Greater auricular nerve |
| This cutaneous nerve of the cervical plexus comes from C2-C3 nerve roots and innervates a majority of the skin on the anterior neck | Transverse cervical nerve |
| This cutaneous nerve from the cervical plexus comes from C3-C4 nerve roots and innervates the skin of the shoulders and upper pectoral region | Supraclavicular nerve |
| The cutaneous coli is another name for what cervical nerve? | transverse cervical nerve |
| Cranial nerve X creates an anastomosis with ___ nerve roots and joints cranial nerve X at the _____ ____ __ _____ | Cranial nerve X (10) = Vagus 1. C1- C2 2. Inferior ganglion of vagus |
| The hypoglossal nerve combines with C1-C2 nerve roots and innervates: the | 1. geniohyoid (C1) 2. Thyrohyoid (c1) 3. menigeal br. (C1-C3) 4. |
| The hypoglossal nerve contributes to this neural anastomosis___ | Ansa cervicali (ansa hypoglossi) |
| The accessory nerve is from ____ nerve roots and innervates these 2 muscles: _____ & _____ | 1. C2-C4 2. Sternocleidomastoid (C2-C3) 3. Trapezius (C3-C4) 2. sternocleidomastoid (C2-C3) 3. trapezius (C3-C4) 3. Trapezius (C3-C4) |
| The sympathetic trunk comes from ____ nerve roots and receives ___ rami communicantes from ___ cervical ganglion | 1. gray rami communicantes 2. superior cervical ganglion |
| What nerves communicate with the cervical plexus? (4) | 1. vagus nerve 2. hypoglossal nerve 3. accessory nerve 4. sympathetic trunk |
| Muscular branches in the cervical plexus go to: (7) | 1. rectus capitis anterior (c1-2) 2. recuts capitis lateralis (c1) 3. longus capitis (C1-3) 4. Longus coli (C3-4) 5. Respiratory diaphragm via phrenic nerve (C3-C5) 6. Levator scapulae (c3-c4) 7. middle scalene (C4) |
| True or false: the dorsal rami C1-C8 are a part of the cervical plexus | FLASE- they're not a part of the cervical plexus |
| The C1 dorsal rami= ____ nerve and innervates the suboccipital muscles | suboccipital nerve |
| The C2 dorsal rami ( sometimes C3)= _____ nerve and innervates muscle and skin of scapula as far forwards as the vertex (upper surface of head) | Greater occipital nerve |
| The 3rd occipital nerve (C3 nerve root) innervates the ___ | Skin on back of neck |
| The C4-C8 dorsal rami innervate | skin and intrinsic neck muscles |
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Taytay2525