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SP5
GCSE Separate Science Physics
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 1What are ray diagrams. | Ray diagrams are ways of modelling what happens during reflection and refraction. |
| 2 What is a normal? | A line drawn at 90° to the interface or the mirror. |
| 3 From where are angles of incidence, angles of reflection and angles of refraction measured? | They are measured from the normal |
| 4 State the Law of Reflection | The angle of incident is equal to the angle of refraction. |
| 5 Does light travel faster in air or in water and give the reason | Light travels faster in air than in water. This is due to water having a greater density than air. |
| 6 What is refraction? | The bending of light rays as they go from one medium to another medium across an interface. |
| 7 What are the two changes that occur when a ray is refracted at an interface? | There is a change in speed and a change in direction. |
| 8 What happens when a ray of light is incident at 90° to the interface? | The direction remains the same and the speed changes |
| 9 What happens when a ray of light is incident an angle other than 90° | Both the speed and the direction changes |
| 10 When light is incident at small angles in a semi-circular glass block two things happen to the light. What are they? | Refraction and reflection |
| 11 As the angle of incidence increases what happen to the two things mentioned in number 10? | The angle of refraction gets bigger and the angle of reflection gets bigger. |
| 12. What is critical angle? | Critical angle is the angle of incidence that cause the refracted ray to be at 90° to the normal. |
| 13 State one application of critical angle | Light pipes used to see around objects |
| 1.What are luminous objects | Objects that produce their own light. |
| 2.What are non-luminous objects | Objects that reflect the light from a luminous object. |
| 3.What is diffused reflection and where does it occur? | Reflection that does not obeys the Law of reflection. Occur on rough surfaces. |
| 4.What is Specular reflection and where does it occur? | Reflection that obeys the Law of Reflection. Occur on smooth surfaces. |
| 5.Name two sources of white light | The Sun and a lamp |
| 6.What is the order of the colours that make up white light from least to most refracted? | Red, Orange, Yellow, Green, Blue, Indigo, and Violet |
| 7.What cause a red object to look red. | The object reflect the red component of light to our eyes and absorb the other colours. |
| 8.What are filters? | Thin plastic or glass that only allow its component colour to go through and absorb all other component colours of white light. |
| 9. How can we create a green spotlight | Pass white light through a green filter |
| 10. How can we create a blue spotlight | Pass white light through a blue filter |
| 11. How can we create a dark spotlight | Pass white light through a coloured filter and then pass the emerging coloured light through a different filter. |
| 12. How can we produce a display of the visible spectrum? | Dispersing white light using a triangular prism. |
| 1.What is a lens | A transparent piece of material shaped to refract light in a particular way. |
| 2.What are the two types of lenses | Convex lens and concave lens |
| 3.What does the power of a lens describe | How much it bends light that passes through it |
| 4 Name and describe the shape of one type of lens | Convex lens: fatter in the middle than the edges |
| 5. Name and describe the shape of the other type of lens | Concave lens: Thinner in the middle than the edges |
| 6. How does the type of lens in number 4 cause parallel rays of light to behave? | Convex lens brings parallel rays of light to a focus |
| 7. How does the type of lens in number 5 cause parallel rays of light to behave? | Concave lens Scatters parallel rays of light |
| 8. What is the focal length of a lens? | The distance between the central axis of the lens and the focal point. |
| 9. What are real images | Images that are formed when light comes to a focus on a screen |
| 10. what are virtual images | Images formed without coming to a focus on a screen |
| 11. What are two of the characteristics of a real image? | Can be formed on a screen and upside down |
| 12. At what object distance does a converging lens produce a virtual image? | When the object is between the focal point and the lens. |
| 13. What are two of the characteristics of a real image? | Cannot be formed on a screen and right way up |
| 1.Two examples of electromagnetic waves | Any two: Radio wave, microwave ,infrared, visible light, ultra violet x rays and Gamma rays |
| 2. State one thing all electromagnetic waves have in common. | They are all transverse |
| 3. State another thing all electromagnetic waves have in common. | They all travel at the speed of light in a vacuum. |
| 4.Which electromagnetic wave has frequencies a little higher than visible light | Ultra violet radiation |
| 5.Which electromagnetic wave has frequencies a little lower than visible light | Infrared radiation |
| 6.Define what is a wavelength | |
| 7.Define what is frequency | The number of cycles per second |
| 8. Who discovered infrared radiation? | Willium Hershel |
| 9. Which type of electromagnetic radiation does all objects emit? | Infrared radiation |
| 10. How is the temperature of a body related to its energy? | The higher the temperature the greater the energy |
| 11. How are pit viper snakes able to see their prey in the dark? | They have an organ under their eye that detect infrared radiation |
| 12. What is a vacuum? | A region where no matter is present. |
| 1.What are the main grouping of the electromagnetic spectrum | Radio wave, microwave, infrared, Visible light, ultraviolet, X rays and gamma rays |
| 2. Which electromagnetic wave can be detected by the naked eye? | Visible light |
| 3. What characteristics are used to group electromagnetic waves? | Wavelength or frequencies |
| 4. Which electromagnetic wave has the greatest frequency | Gamma rays |
| 5. Which electromagnetic wave has the greatest wavelength? | Radio waves |
| 6. Which electromagnetic wave has the most energy? | Gamma rays |
| 7. What is always present with infrared radiation | Heat |
| 8. State the order of the colours in the visible spectrum. | Red, Orange, Yellow, Green, Blue, Indigo and Violet |
| 1. Which 2 EM waves can be sent through light fibres? | Visible light and infrared radiation |
| 2. State two other use of infrared radiation | Cooking(grills and toasters), remote controls |
| 3. Where are microwaves used for communication? | In Cell Phones |
| 4. Where are microwaves used for its energy | In Microwave ovens |
| 5.State two ways radio waves are used | Radio broadcasts and satellites |
| 6. Why can radio waves from a source be detected on the other side of the globe and microwaves cannot be detected on the other side of the globe. | At an appropriate angle radio waves can be refracted by the ionosphere whereas microwaves pass straight through the ionosphere. |
| 7. How are radio waves produced? | By vibrations in electrical circuits |
| 8. How are radio waves detected? | Radio waves are absorbed by metals which oscillates and cause vibrations in the circuits connected to aerials |
| 9. Which two parts of the electromagnetic spectrum are used for cooking? | Microwave and infrared |
| 10. Which 3 parts of the electromagnetic spectrum are used for communication? | Radio waves, Microwave and infrared |
| 1. What happens to the energy of a body as it temperature increases? | The energy of a body increases with temperature. |
| 2. How is the wavelength of the radiation emitted changed with increasing temperature? | The higher the temperature the shorter the wavelength. |
| 3. Define power and state its unit. | Power is the rate at which energy is being transferred; unit of power is the Watt. |
| 4. How can the temperature of a body remain constant? | If the amount of energy it is absorbing is the same as the amount of energy it is emitting |
| 5. What is the greenhouse effect? | More heat energy being absorbed by greenhouse gasses, causing the mean temperature of the atmosphere to be increasing. |
| 6. Name 1 greenhouse gas. | Carbon dioxide |
| 7. State one way of removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. | Using the process of photosynthesis |
| 8.Compare the radiation emitted at 250°C and 320°C. | More radiation is emitted at 320°C than 250°C |
| 1. State 2 uses of ultraviolet radiation. | Detect fake bank notes and sterilise water |
| 2. What is fluorescence? | When a material absorbs Ultra violet radiation and re emits it as visible light |
| 3. Why are x rays able to produce an image on a screen? | X ray passes through flesh but are absorbed by the bones |
| 4. Suggest another use of X ray. | Airport security scanners |
| 5. State 3 uses of gamma rays. | Sterilise medical equipment, Preserve food and to detect and treat cancer |
| 6. Describe the different ways in which gamma rays and x rays pass through muscle, fat and bones. | Gamma rays pass through fat, muscle and bones while X rays can pass through fat and muscle but not bones. |
| 7. Why are surgical equipment placed in plastic bags before sterilisation. | To prevent the equipment for becoming contaminated before use. |
| 8. List the electromagnetic waves in order of decreasing frequency. | Gamma rays, x rays, ultra violet, visible light, infrared, microwave and radio waves. |
| 1. What is the difference between the microwaves used in our mobile phones and those used in the microwave oven? | The microwaves used in mobile phones is the lower frequency end of the Microwave while the microwaves used in the microwave oven is the higher frequency end of the Microwave |
| 2. State 2 dangers of Infrared radiation. | Burn on the skin and damage to cell from over exposure |
| 3. State 2 ways of protecting our skin from sunlight. | Staying out of the strongest sunlight and wearing sun cream with high skin protection factor |
| 4. State two dangers of ultraviolet radiation. | Sun burn and skin cancer |
| 5. How does excessive exposure to x rays and gamma rays affect the human cells? | Can lead to mutation of cells |
| 6. Electromagnetic radiations are produced by changes in the -----or the ------. | The electron or the nuclei. |
| 7. How is the danger linked to an electromagnetic wave associated with its frequency? | The higher the frequency of the electromagnetic radiation the greater the danger associated with that electromagnetic radiation. |
| 8. Why could the microwaves with frequencies fit for use in a microwave oven be harmful to humans? | Microwaves with that frequency are able to boil water and our body is mostly water so it could heat cells inside our body. |
| What is the speed of elecrtomagnetic radiation? | 300 000 000 m/s |
| What is the EM radiation with the shortest wavelength? | gamma |
| What is the EM radiation with the longest wavelength? | Radio |
| What is the EM radiation with the highest frequency? | Gamma |
| What is the EM radiation with the lowest frequency? | Radio |
| List the EM spectrum from long to short wavelength. | Radio, microwave, infrared, visible, UV, X-rays, gamma |
| Can EM waves travel through space? | yes |
| Can sound waves travel through space? | no |
| Does a sound wave travel faster in water or air? | water |
| Name a use of radio waves | TV and radio transmission |
| What EM wave is used for satellite communication? | microwave |
| Give one use of microwaves | cooking food |
| Give two uses of IR radiation | electrical heaters, infrared cameras |
| Give a use of visible radiation | Fibre optic communications |
| Which radiation is used in sun tanning? | UV |
| Give one use of X-rays. | Medical imaging |
| Give one use of gamma rays | Medical treatments |
| Why are X-rays good for taking images of bone? | absorbed by bone but transmitted through soft tissue |
| Why are gamma rays used in medical treatment? | Can kill cancer cells |
| What are the risks of exposure to UV radiation? | Premature skin aging, increased risk of skin cancer |
| What are the risks of exposure of X-rays? | X-rays are ionising so can cause mutations which may result in cancer |
| What are the risks of exposure to gamma rays? | Gamma rays are ionising so can cause mutations which may result in cancer |
Created by:
Davenant Foundation School
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