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SP3
GCSE Separate Science Physics
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 1The energy stored in food, fuel and batteries | Chemical energy |
| 2The energy stored in moving objects | Kinetic energy |
| 3The energy stored in hot objects | Thermal energy |
| 4The energy stored in stretched ,squashed or twisted objects | Elastic potential energy |
| 5The energy stored in objects above the ground | Gravitational potential energy |
| 6The energy stored inside atoms | Nuclear energy |
| 7 State the law of conservation of energy | Energy is neither created nor destroyed; it is simply changed from one form to another. |
| 8. The unit of energy | Joule |
| 9 What do Sankey diagrams show? | Shows the amount of energy transferred |
| 10 How much heat is wasted in the Sankey diagram for the device shown below. | 50J = 36J +Thermal Thermal = 50J – 36J Thermal = 14J |
| 11 Describe the change in energy store when you climb up a diving board and jumps into a pool. | Going up the climb GPE increases Diving GPE decreases and KE increases |
| 1The energy stored in food, fuel and batteries | Chemical energy |
| 2The energy stored in moving objects | Kinetic energy |
| 3The energy stored in hot objects | Thermal energy |
| 4The energy stored in stretched ,squashed or twisted objects | Elastic potential energy |
| 5The energy stored in objects above the ground | Gravitational potential energy |
| 6The energy stored inside atoms | Nuclear energy |
| 7 State the law of conservation of energy | Energy is neither created nor destroyed; it is simply changed from one form to another. |
| 8. The unit of energy | Joule |
| 9 What do Sankey diagrams show? | Shows the amount of energy transferred |
| 10 How much heat is wasted in the Sankey diagram for the device shown below. | 50J = 36J +Thermal Thermal = 50J – 36J, Thermal = 14J |
| 11 Describe the change in energy store when you climb up a diving board and jumps into a pool. | Going up the climb GPE increases , Diving GPE decreases and KE increases |
| 1 How is energy transferred during conduction? | Vibrations passes between particles in a solid. |
| 2 Materials that allow heat to pass through the easily are called | Thermal conductors |
| 3 Materials that do not allow heat to pass through the easily are called | Thermal insulators |
| 4 Which 2 states of matter does convection occurs in? | Liquid and gas |
| 5 Together what are these two states called | Fluids |
| 6 How is heat transferred by convection | The warmer part of the fluid rises and the cooler part moves in to take its place, setting up a convection current |
| 7 What property of infra-red radiation allows it to reach us here on Earth from the sun? | Infrared radiation can pass through a vacuum |
| 8 What surfaces are good absorber and emitters of infra-red radiation? | Black ,dull, rough surfaces |
| 9 What surfaces are poor absorber and emitters of infra-red radiation? | Light, shiny polished surfaces |
| 10 What is the Thermal conductivity of a material? | A measure of how well materials conduct heat |
| 11 What 3 things affect the rate of energy transfer thro ugh a material? | Thickness of the material, Thermal conductivity of the material and temperature difference across the material. |
| 12 How can heat loss through a material be reduced? | Reduce the thermal conductivity, reduce the difference in temperature and Increase the thickness and |
| 1 Energy associated with objects above the surface of the earth | Gravitational Potential energy |
| 2. The formula for calculating the amount of energy in number 1 | E = mgΔh |
| 3 What does each of the terms in the equation in number 2 stands for with their units. | E is gravitational potential energy units J, m is mass units kg , g is gravitational field strength units N/kg and Δh is change in height units m |
| 4 Calculate the Gravitational potential energy in a mass of 2kg raised 3m from the ground | E = mgΔh E = 2kg x 10N/kg x 3m E= 60J |
| 5 A 0.5kg box gains 80J of energy from being raised above the top of a table. How high above the table the box raised? | E = mgΔh Δh = E/mg Δh = 80J/0.5kgx10N/kg Δh =16m |
| 6. Energy associated with motion | Kinetic energy |
| 7 The formula for calculating the energy in number 6 | E = 0.5mv2 |
| 8 What does each term in the equation in number 7 stands for with their units | E is the kinetic energy m is the mass and v is the velocity |
| 9 Calculate the kinetic energy in a body of mass 2kg travelling with a velocity of 15m/s. | E = 0.5mv2 E = 0.5x 2kgx (15m/s)2 E = 225J |
| 10 What is the mass of a bike travelling at 10m/s ,with 500J of energy | E = 0.5mv2 m =2E/ v2 m= 2 x 500J/(10m/s)2, E = 10 kg |
| 11. A 250g boulder is rolled and attains 12.5J of energy . At what speed is the bolder rolling? | Change 250g to 0.25kg E = 0.5mv2 , V = 2 2E/m V = 10m/s |
| 12. 5KJ of energy was supplied to raise a 200kg car into the air via a cable. How high was the car raised? | E = mgΔh Δh = E/mg Δh = 5000J/200kgx 10N/kg Δh = 2.5m |
| 1 What are non-renewable energy? | Energy resources that will run out |
| 2 Two main sources of non-renewable energy | Fossil Fuels and Nuclear energy |
| 3 What are fossil fuels? | Energy from the remains of dead plants and animals buried under high pressure and temperature for millions of years |
| 4 Three examples of fossil fuels | Coal, oil and natural gas |
| 5 Two example of nuclear fuel | Uranium and Plutonium |
| 6 The main gas released during the burning of fossil fuels | Carbon dioxide |
| 7 The gas released in number 5 is a type of | Greenhouse gas |
| 8. What is the main effect of the gas released in number 5 | Contributes to global warming |
| 9 Why are non-renewable fuels great energy resources | They yield a large amount of energy from a small mass of the resource. |
| 10 Two advantages of using nuclear fuel over fossil fuel. | 1 No carbon dioxide is produced 2 releases much more energy per unit mass than fossil fuel. |
| 11 Two disadvantages of using nuclear power station over fossil fuel power station. | 1 Difficult to dispose of radioactive waste.2 Very expensive to decommission radioactive plant at the end of its life. |
| 12 State two reasons why countries are trying to reduce the amount of non-renewable energy they use. | 1 To protect the environment 2 conserve on the natural resources of the Earth. |
| 1 What are renewable energy resources? | Energy resources that will not run out |
| 2 What is solar energy | Energy from the sun |
| 3 What are solar cells | Converts solar energy directly into electrical energy. |
| 4 How is hydroelectricity generated | Falling water from places where it is trap in high reservoirs. |
| 5 Two disadvantages of hydroelectric power stations | 1 Available at all times2 Can stop and start very easily |
| 6 How tidal power station works | Turbines in a huge estuary across a river turns as the river runs in and out. |
| 7 Two disadvantage of wind turbine | 1 They spoil the landscape.2 Cannot generate electricity if the wind speed is too fast or too slow. |
| 8 What is bio fuel made from | Animal waste and dead plants |
| 9 Why are some Bio fuel carbon neutral | They release the same amount of Carbon Dioxide when burnt as they remove from the air during photosynthesis. |
| 10 name 2 renewable resources that are dependent on weather. | 1 Solar Energy2 Wind Turbine |
| 11 Name 2 renewable resources that are available at all times. | 1 Hydroelectricity2 Bio fuel |
| 12 Name 2 renewable resources that are only available at predicted times. | 1 Hydroelectricity 2 Solar Energy |
| What is the law of conservation of energy? | Energy cannot be created and destroyed but only transferred from one store to another. |
| What are the units of work done? | joules |
| What is the equation for calculating efficiency from energy? | Efficiency = useful energy output/total energy input |
| What is the equation for calculating efficiency from power? | Efficiency = useful power output/useful power input |
| What is the type of energy transferred when a force moves through a distance? | Mechanical transfer |
| Mechanical transfer is…? | The energy transfer when a force moves through a distance |
| Electrical transfer is…? | energy transferred when a charge moves? |
| What is the energy transferred when a charge moves? | electrical transfer |
| What is the energy transferred by electromagnetic radiation? | Radiation transfer |
| Radiation transfer is…? | The energy transferred by electromagnetic radiation. |
| Heat transfer is…? | Energy transferred when an object is heated. |
| When an object is heated the energy transferr is a…? | heat transfer |
| List the 4 energy transfer pathways. | Mechanical, electrical, radiation and heat. |
| List 4 energy stores. | Four from: chemical, kinetic, gravitational potential, elastic potential, internal, nuclear, magnetic, electrostatic. |
| Energy stored in objects which move. | kinetic |
| What is a kinetic energy store | Energy stored in objects which move |
| Chemical energy is stored as…? | chemicals waiting to react |
| A battery is a store of __________ energy. | chemical |
| Food is a store of __________ energy. | chemical |
| A moving object is a store of ____________ energy | kinetic |
| What is a gravitational potential store? | energy storred in objects raised up against the force of gravity. |
| A rock at the top of a hill is a store of ___________ energy. | gravitational potential |
| What is an elastic potential store? | Energy stored in an object which has been stretched or compressed. |
| A compressed spring is a store of ___________ energy | elastic potential |
| An inflated balloon is a store of __________ energy | elastic potential |
| The internal energy store is… | energy stored in the movement of particles. |
| The internal energy store of an object can be changed by…? | heating or cooling |
| Energy stored in the nuclei of atoms is in the __________ store. | nuclear |
| What is a nuclear energy store? | Energy stored in the nuclei of atoms that can fuse or split. |
| What is the name of the process in which the nuclei of atoms fuse together? | fusion |
| What is the name of the process in which the nucleus of an atom splits? | fisssion |
| What is the magnetic energy store? | Energy stored in magnets that are attracting or repelling |
| What is the electrostatic energy store? | Energy stored n electric charges that are attracting or repelling |
| Name two non-renewable energy resources | Fossil fuels, nuclear fuel |
| What are some advantages of fossil fuels as an energy resource? | reliable, cheap |
| What is a reliable energy source | one which can produce energy all the time. |
| What are some disadvantages of fossil fuels? | carbon dioxide (greenhouse gas) produced leading to global warming. Can produce sulphur dioxide causing acid rain. |
| What are some advantages of nuclear fuel? | No carbon dioxide produced, reliable. |
| What are some disadvantages of nuclear fuel? | nuclear waste remains radioactive for thousands of years. Expensive to build and decommission |
| List 4 renewable energy resources. | Any 4 from: biofuel, wind, hydroelectricity, geothermal, tidal, wave, solar. |
| What are some advantages of biofuels? | carbon neutral, reliable |
| What are some disadvantages of biofuels? | production of fuel can damage ecosystems and reduce variety of crops grown |
| What are some advantages of wind power? | No carbon dioxide produced |
| What are some disadvantages of wind power? | unreliable, expensive to construct |
| What are some advantages of hydroelectricity? | No carbon dioxide produced |
| What are some disadvantages of hydroelectricty? | blocks rivers preventing fish migration, unreliable (may not produce electricity during droughts) |
| What are some advantages of geothermal energy? | doesn't damage ecosystems, reliable. |
| What are some disadvantages of geothermal energy? | fluids drawn from ground may contain greenhouse gases such as CO2 and methane.These contribute to global warming |
| What are some advantages of tidal energy? | No carbon dioxide produced. |
| What are some disadvantages of tidal energy? | unreliable - tides vary, may damage tidal ecosystem |
| What are some advantages of wave power? | No carbon dioxide produced |
| What are some disadvantages of wave power? | unreliable - may not produce electricity when calm seas |
| What are some advantages of solar power? | No carbon dioxide produced |
| What are some disadvantages of solar power? | unreliable - no electricity produced at night and limited on cloudy days. Expensive to construct. |
| What term is used to describe energy becoming spread out or transferred to a "wasted" store? | dissipation |
| What term is used to describe a method for reducing unwanted energy transfers by reducing friction? | lubrication |
| What is a thermal insulator? | A non-conductive material which reduces thermal energy transfers. |
| What is the name for a method of reducing energy transfers by the use of non-conductive materials? | insulation |
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Davenant Foundation School
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