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chem chapter 2
grade 11 chem chapter 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| define molecule | electrically neutral group of atoms held together by an electrostatic force and considered a single particle |
| define chemical bond | electrostatic force of attraction between atoms in a molecule |
| which electrons participate in bonding? | only valence electrons |
| why do atoms bond together? | to lower the energy of the system (which will make it more stable) and to try to become isoelectronic to the stable noble gases |
| how can atoms satisfy the octet rule? | by gaining, losing or sharing electrons |
| which atoms form ionic compounds? | between a metal and non metal where the difference in electronegativity is greater than 1.7 |
| in ionic compounds, which elements become anions? which become cations? | non metals become anions, metals become cations |
| define law of electrostatics | like charges of electricity repel each other, whereas unlike charges attract each other |
| define molecular compound | a pure substance composed of molecules made up of two or more non-metallic elements |
| define covalent bond | the bond that results from the sharing of at least one pair of electrons by two atoms |
| define bonding electron | an electron in the valence shell of an atom that is available to form a covalent bond with another atom |
| define bonding capacity | the number of covalent bonds that an atom can form |
| what are "lone pairs"? | the pair of electrons that are not involved in bonding |
| why are covalent bonds formed? | neither atom is strong enough to remove the electron(s) from the other atom, so electrons end up being shared between the 2 atoms |
| what type of bond has equal sharing of bonding electron pairs? what is the electronegativity | non polar covalent bond. the ENG is 0 |
| what type of bond has unequal sharing of bonding electron pairs? what is the electronegativity? | polar covalent bonding. ENG is between 0 and 1.7 |
| how do covalent bonds usually exist? | as gases, liquids or solids at room temp |
| can covalent bonds conduct electricity? why or why not? | they cannot conduct electricity because there are no ions |
| are covalent bonds soluable? | no, they do not dissolve in water |
| what is electronegativity? | the ability of an individual atom, when bonded, to attract electrons to itself |
| what does ENG help indicate? | the likelihood of atoms being part of an ionic or molecular compound (what kind of bond it will form) |
| how does ENG increase/ decrease while moving across a period and down a group? | decreases moving down a good, increases moving across a period (increases when atom radius decreases) |
| what does electronegativity difference indicate? | how likely it is that an electron is transferred from one element to another |
| what should the value of ENG difference be to form an ionic compound? | greater than or equal to 1.7 |
| what should the value of ENG difference be to form a covalent bond? | less than 1.7 |
| what type of elements form non polar covalent bonds? | diatomic elements (or two elements with the same electronegativity) |
| when forming a polar covalent bond, which elements become positive? which become negative? | elements with higher ENG become negative, elements with lower ENG become positive |
Created by:
caitlyn.kummer
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