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Apologia Chem M12

Energy, Heat, and Temp

QuestionAnswer
First Law of Thermodynamics Energy cannot be CREATED or DESTROYED. It can ONLY change form.
Whenever matter undergoes a chemical change, that change is accompanied by either a RELEASE or ABSORPTION of energy.
energy the ABILITY to do WORK
work the FORCE applied to an object TIMES the DISTANCE that the object travels PARALLEL to that force
heat ENERGY that is TRANSFERRED as a consequence of temperature differences
POTENTIAL energy energy that is STORED
KINETIC energy energy that is IN MOTION
one Joule AMOUNT of energy needed to lift 102 GRAM object straight UP at a constant speed for 1.0 METERS
We measure heat INDIRECTLY. To measure heat, we must FIRST measure temperature.
James Joule English scientist, son of common brewer, devout Christian, conducted pioneering research on energy
calorie (cal) heat necessary to warm 1 GRAM of water 1 DEGREE Celsius
1 calorie = _________ Joules 4.184
1 food calorie (Cal)= 1,000 chemistry calories (cal)
When using q = (m)(c)(Delta T), q stands for the AMOUNT of heat ABSORBED or RELEASED.
When using q = (m)(c)(Delta T), c stands for the SPECIFIC HEAT of the object.
specific heat of a substance heat necessary to raise the temperature of 1 GRAM of THAT substance by 1 DEGREE Celsius
Wood has a relatively LOW specific heat, so it takes MORE heat to produce a temperature change.
examples of specific heat units J/(g*degrees C) -OR- cal/(kg*degrees C)
specific heat of water = 1.000 cal/(g*degrees C)
calorimeter an insulated container that holds a known MASS of WATER
A NEGATIVE sign in front of q means that an object is RELEASING heat.
If you are told to ignore the calorimetry in a problem, simply set the q = 0.
q = (m)(c)(Delta T) the formula used to calculate the HEAT CHANGE of an object in terms of SPECIFIC HEAT
Created by: MrsHough
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