Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
BNF Trx Summ & MCQ
revision cards
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Initial management of unstable angina and NSTEMI should include Oxygen, Nitrates, Dual antiplatelet, Anticoagulant, BB or CCB and higher risk patients require | Gylcoprotein llb/llla inhibitors (eptifibatide and tirofiban) |
| In the management of pain and anxiety during a STEMI what drug should be administered | Diamorphine or Morphine |
| What antiemetic should be administered with opiates during a STEMI | Metoclopramide or cyclizine (if Left VF is not impaired) |
| This medication should have been given in the community for ACS, a note should be sent in with the patient to confirm this | Aspirin |
| Centor score of 4 might indicate this medication | Phenoxymethypenicillin (500mg TDS, 5-10 days) |
| Centor Score: Patient has no fever (0), No tonsilar exudate (0), A cough (0), has swollen galnds(1) and is over 44 (-1) | No antibiotics, given symptomatic relief Paracetamol and reassurance |
| Centor Score: Patient has Fever [over 38C](1), Tonsillar exudate (1), No Cough(1), Swollen glands(1) and is 3-14 years (1). Patient is also allergic to Penicillin | Clarithromycin 500mg BD 5 days |
| Centor score of 4 for a pregnant woman with a Penicillin allergy | Erythromycin |
| First line treatment for short term constipation | Ispaghula Husk |
| First line treatment for short term constipation with opiate causation | Lactulose + Senna |
| Name the NSAIDs licensed for dental pain in the BNF | Ibuprofen, Aspirin and Diclofenac |
| What NSAID would be appropriate for dental pain but is contraindicated in Ischaemic heart disease | Diclofenac |
| Name a Non-opioid analgesic administered by intrathecal infusion, licensed for treatment of chronic severe pain | Ziconotide |
| Co-proxamol is no longer licensed because of safety concerns, particularly in overdose. It is a combination of paracetamol and what drug? | dextropropoxyphene |
| This drug is a weak stimulant, that is often included in analgesic preparations, claimed to enhance analgesic effect | Caffeine |
| This drug is the opiate of choice in oral treatment of severe pain in palliative care. | Morphine |
| These 3 opiates are used by injection for intra operative analgesia | Alfentanil, fentanyl and remifentanil |
| These two NSAIDs can be given once daily | Piroxicam and Tenoxicam |
| An option for dual antithrombotic therapy in those with low risk of bleeding who are contraindicated with Clopidogrel | Warfarin |
| Beta blockers which appropriate for long term management of STEMI with LV dysfunction | Bisoprolol, Carvedilol and long acting Metoprolol |
| Long term management for STEMI to be prescribed alongside an ACE in someone with asthma | Diltiazem or Verapamil |
| To be considered for patients with stable angina with diabetes for prevention of cardiovascular event alongside a statin | ACE |
| This drug is licensed at low dose, in combination with aspirin or asp+clop in patients following ACS with elevated cardiac biomarkers for prevention of atherothrombotic event | Rivaroxaban |
| This should be given to ALL patients post STEMI, alongside BB, ACE and GTN(if angina) | Aspirin |
| These drugs decrease platelet aggregation and inhibit thrombus formation in the arterial circulation. | Antiplatelets |
| This drug is an adjunct antiplatelet given for prophylaxis of thromboembolic event associated with prosthetic heart valves | Dipyridamole |
| Name two long acting benzodiazepines recommended for alcohol withdrawal symptoms | Chlordiazepoxide and Diazepam |
| This drug can be used as an alternative in treatment in acute alcohol withdrawal as well as in epilepsy | Carbamazepine |
| First line therapy for Delirium tremens (agitation, confusion, paranoia and visual and auditory hallucination) | Oral Lorazepam |
| Two options for alcohol dependence therapy after CBT has failed | Acamprosate and Naltrexone |
| Alternative therapy for if Acamprosate and Naltrexone are not suitable | Disulfiram |
| This drug is used for reduction of alcohol consumption in patients with alcohol dependence who have a high risk risk level, w/o physical withdrawal | Nalmefene |
| This drug should be supplemented for 4 months in order top restore natural stores, in associated megaloblastic anaemia caused by nutrition, pregnancy or epileptic drugs | Folic acid |
| This local anaesthetic has the longest duration of action, but a slow onset of action. Used in lumbar epidural. | Bupivacaine |
| Local anaesthetics dilate blood vessels so this drug can be given locally also to constrict these vessels | Adrenaline |
| This drug is widely used as a local anaesthetic in dental procedures | Lidocaine |
| This drug is an anti-androgen used in the treatment of severe hypersexuality | Cyproterone acetate |
| In patients with unstable angina or recent MI this SSRI has been shown to be safe | Sertraline |
| This class of antidepressant has less sedating effects and fewer antimuscarinic and cardiotoxic side effects | SSRIs |
| These antidepressants have dangerous side effects with food and other drugs so are reserved for specialist use | MAOIs (Phenelzine, Isocarboxazid, Tranycypromine and moclobemide (reversible) |
| This SNRI should only be considered for more severe forms of depression | Venlafaxine |
| After initial therapy with an SSRI along with switching to a different SSRI this drug is another option | Mirtazapine |
| Acute anxiety can be managed with a benzodiazepine or with this drug | Buspirone |
| This drug can be used to combat anxiety while waiting for an antidepressant to take effect | Benzodiazepine |
| Along with SSRIs these two drugs can be used for treatment of generalised anxiety disorder (GAD) | Duloxetine and Venlafaxine (SNRIs) |
| Which two SSRIs are licensed for GAD | Escitalopram and Duloxetine |
| Which SSRI is not licensed for GAD but is still used unlicensed | Sertraline |
| If SSRI and SNRI therapy has failed to treat a patient's GAD what epilepsy treatment is licensed for use | Pregabalin |
| Panic disorder, OCD, PTSD and SAD are all treated with what drug class | SSRI |
| These Tricyclic antidepressants are unlicensed treatments for panic disorder but are second line therapy after SSRIs | Clomipramine and Imipramine |
| This drug is second line for OCD after SSRIs | Clomipramine |
| This the only drug licensed for Social Anxiety Disorder that is not an SSRI | Moclobemide |
| Tricyclic and related antidepressants can be divided into those sedating and less sedating. These are the less sedating ones | Imipramine, Lofepramine and Nortriptyline |
| Tricyclic and related antidepressants can be divided into those sedating and less sedating. These are the more sedating ones | Amitriptyline, Clomipramine, Dosulepin, Doxepin, Mianserin, Trazodone and Trimipramine |
| This tricyclic antidepressant has the most antimuscarinic side effects (Hot, Dry, Red, dilated pupils and delirium) | Imipramine |
| These antihistamines can be used as adjunct injections for emergency treatment of anaphylaxis | Chlorphenamine and Promethazine |
| These three antihistamines are used as nausea and vomiting treatments | Cinnarizine, Cyclizine and Promethazine |
| This antihistamine is used in preparations for migraine | Buclizine |
| This oral preparation of grass pollen extract is licensed to combat grass pollen induced allergic rhinitis | Grazax |
| This monoclonal antibody is used as additional therapy in IgE-mediated allergic asthma | Omalizumab |
| An alternative SABA to Salbutamol | Terbutaline |
| Patients using more than one of these inhalers a month should have their asthma urgently assessed | Salbutamol |
| Patients using their SABA/symptomatic more than 3 times per week, | ICS |
| This ICS is taken once daily | Ciclesonide |
| (BNF advise) This asthma treatment should be added to ICS monotherapy and effectiveness assessed after 4-8 weeks | Montelukast |
| BTS SIGN recommend adding this treatment to ICS monotherapy in asthma | LABA (Salmeterol or Formoterol) |
| BTS SIGN recommend that a MART regimen should be considered in patients with a history of asthma attacks on a medium dose ICS, what actives are licensed for MART | Beclometasone with Formoterol or Budesonide with Formoterol |
| After High dose ICS, with LRTA, LABA and MART therapy have failed what treatments can be initiated for asthma | Tiotropium or Theophylline |
| The aminoglycoside of choice in the UK, used in severe infection, broad spectrum but inactive against anaerobes and poor activity vs streptococci | Gentamicin |
| These antacids tend to have a laxative effect | Magnesium |
| These antacids tend to be constipating | aluminium |
| This drug along with being used for colic can be used as a hiccup treatment in palliative care. It also works as an antifoaming agent in the treatment of flatulence | Simeticone |
| Fibrin dissolution is impaired by this drug, used to prevent bleeding or treat bleeding. Commonly used in menorrhagia | Tranexamic acid |
| This drug can be used in Von Willebrand's disease and in the management of mild-moderate haemophilia | Desmopressin |
| Vasodilator (potent) antihypertensive given as an adjunct in the treatment of resistant hypertension (though rarely used) | Hydralazine |
| This unlicensed treatment is a vasodilator antihypertensive used in hypertensive emergency by parenteral route | Sodium nitroprusside |
| This vasodilator antihypertensive causes fluid retention so must be given with a diuretic, unsuitable for females due to excessive hair growth | Minoxidil |
| Along with Ambrisentan, Bosentan, Iloprost and Macitenan these two drugs are licensed for use in pulmonary hypertension | Sildenafil and Tadalafil |
| These three drugs are centrally acting antihypertensives | Methyldopa (which can be used for HyT in pregnancy), Clonidine (sudden withdrawal causes rebound HyT) and Moxonidine (Which may be used when Thiaz, CCBs, BBs, ACE have failed) |
| These drugs have vasodilator properties, used in resistant hypertension (reduces BP rapidly is cautioned) and can also be used in benign prostatic hyperplasia | Alpha blockers (Prazocin, Doxazocin, Indoramin and Terazocin) |
| This drug is has antiprotozoal properties and is the drug of choice in amoebic dysentry, trichomonas vaginallis and giardia lamblia infection | Metronidazole |
| Other antiprotozoal treatments apart from Metronidazole, Clindamycin, Azithromycin and Clarithromycin | Amphotericin B and Pyrimethenamine amongst others |
| A treatment for ectopic beats, safer than other suppressant drugs | Beta blockers |
| This drug can be used IV for pharmacological cardioversion, though is AF > 48 hours electrical is preferred | Amiodarone, alternatively Flecainide |
| If urgent rate control is required these drugs can be given by IV | Beta blocker or Verapamil |
| This drug can be used in rate control but only in sedentary patients | Digoxin |
| When monotherapy has failed to control AF a combination of two of the following drugs should be used | Beta blockers, Diltiazem and Digoxin |
| These antiarrhythmic drugs should not be given when there is known ischaemic heart disease | Flecainide and Propafenone |
| These drugs can be used as a pill in the pocket regimen for infrequent episodes of symptomatic paroxysmal AF | Flecainide and Propafenone |
| CHA2DVAS2C factors (2+ is moderate - high risk) | CHF(1), Hypertension(1), Age below 65(0), 65-74(1), 75+(2), Diabetes (1) Vascular disease(1), Stroke/TIA/VTE(2) and Female(1) |
| HASBLED factors | Hypertension>160 systolic(1), Age65+(1), Stroke(1), Bleed(1), Liver(1), Labile INR(1), Renal(1), Medication(1) and Alcohol(1) |
| First line for bradycardia with/without hypotension in arrhythmias after an MI | Atropine |
| These two drugs are first line for ADHD and should be trialled for at least 6 weeks before an alternative is considered | Lisdexamfetamine and Methylphenidate |
| If Lisdexamfetamine and Methylphenidate have both been trialled for 6 weeks and failed, this drug should be considered | Atomoxetine |
| This is the most widely used IV anaesthetic | Propofol |
| Water soluble beta blockers, less likely to enter the brain and cause sleep disturbance and nightmare. Also excreted by the kidney so dose adjustment in renal impairement | Atenolol, Celiprolol, Nadolol and Sotalol |
| This drug is indicated for drug induced extrapyramidal symptoms for Parkinson's meds. E.g. tremors | Trihexyphenidyl |
| These 3 drugs classes are considered as adjuvant treatment for bone pain | NSAIDs, Steroids and Bisphosphonates |
| This opioid can give convulsions in overdose | Pethidine |
| Symptoms of overdose of this drug include nystagmus, diplopia, slurred speech, ataxia, confusion, and hyperglycaemia. | Phenytoin |
| This drug is indicated for motion sickness along with hypersalivation associated with clozapine therapy | Hyoscine hydrobromide |
| Initial empirical treatment of COPD | SABA(Salbutamol) OR a SAMA (Ipratropium) |
| This class of drug should be stopped if a LAMA is started (e.g. Glycopyrronium, Tiotropium or umeclidinium) | SAMA (Ipratropium) |
| This drug is unlicensed, but is used for prophylaxis of infection in COPD in patients who are non smokers, have had all treatment options optimised and who have 4 or more exacerbations a year | Azithromycin |
| This drug is a recommended add on to bronchodilator treatment in patients with severe COPD | Roflumilast |
| This drug should be used as a modified release therapy, after short acting and long acting bronchodilators have been trialled for COPD | Theophylline |
| Treatment for COPD and Asthma, smoking can increase drug clearance. Overdose can cause vomiting, agitation, dilated pupils, tachy and hyperglycaemia | Theophylline |
| Levels of this drug should remain between 10-20mg/L, measured at 5 days after starting and 3 days after dose change. Sample should be taken 4-6 hours after dose of MR | Theophylline |
| First line antibacterial for acute exacerbation treatment of COPD | Amoxicillin, Clarithromycin or Doxycycline for 5 days |
| Drug to be used if initial therapy has had no effect after 2-3 days or if high risk of complication, antibacterial for acute exacerbation treatment of COPD | Co-amoxiclav, Levofloxacin or Co-Trimoxazole if sensitivities indicate |
| Other non antibacterial treatment for exacerbation of COPD symptoms | Give short acting bronchodilators (stop LAMA if SAMA given), give prednisolone, oxygen if required and Aminophylline if required. |
| Drugs used in acute phase of crohns in order to induce remission in patient with first exacerbation in 12 month period+ | Prednisolone, methylprednisolone or IV hydrocortisone |
| Three drugs that are licensed for diarrhoea asociated with crohns | Loperamide, Codeine phosphate and Colestyramine |
| TNF alpha inhibitors are options for severe, active crohns following inadequate response to conventional therapies | Adalimumab and Infliximab |
| Alternative treatment for the acute phase of crohns if pred, methylpred and/ IV hydrocort are C/I or ineffective | Budesonide, or aminosalicylates (sulfasalzine and mesalazine) |
| Add on treatment for if there are 2+ exacerbations of crohns in 12m period (Unlicensed), to induce remission | Azathioprine or Mercaptopurine |
| This drug can only be used to maintain remission of crohn's if it was used to induce remission of the disease | Methotrexate |
| These drugs can be used alone or together to treat fistulating crohn's disease | Metronidazole and Ciprofloxacin |
| These CCBs should be avoided in patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction as these drugs reduce cardiac contractility | Verapamil, Diltiazem, Nifedipine and Nicardipine |
| These are the diuretic of choice in relief of breathlessness and oedema in chronic heart failure | Loop diuretics (Furosemide, Bumetanide and Torasemide) |
| These two drugs from these two drug classes should be given first line for HF | ACE and BB |
| Second line therapy for if ACE and BB are not controlling symptoms | Aldosterone antagonist (spironolactone and eplerenone) |
| Target HbA1C for type 1 diabetic | 48mmol/mol |
| Blood glucose should be monitored at least 4 times a day, what is the FBG range upon waking | 5-7mmol/L |
| Blood glucose should be monitored at least 4 times a day, the range for just before lunch or dinner meals | 4-7mmol/L |
| Blood glucose should be monitored at least 4 times a day, what is the after meal range (90 mins after) | 5-9mmol/L |
| What is the blood glucose concentration required for driving | at least 5 mmol/L |
| Short acting insulins have a short duration of action and rapid onset. The available forms are? | Insulin aspart, insulin glulisine (Apidra) and insulin lispro |
| Name two of the brands of short acting, insulin aspart | Novorapid and Fiasp |
| Name the available brands of short acting, insulin lispro | Humalog, Insulin lispro sanofi and Lyumjev |
| Intermediate acting insulins have a 1-2 hour onset of action and an 11-24 hour duration | Isophane insulin |
| Name the 4 brands of Intermediate acting isophane insulins | Humulin I, Hypurin porcine isophane, Insulatard and Insuman Basal |
| Isophane insulin can be mixed with short acting insulins to make this | Biphasic insulin |
| Name the brands of Biphasic, mixed short acting and intermediate acting insulins | Humulin M3, Hypurin porcine 30/70, Insuman Comb, Novomix 30, Humalog Mix25/50 |
| This drug is indicated for stable angina, works by stimulating the increase of cGMP thereby relaxing smooth muscle. C/I in hypovolaemia | Nicorandil |
| This is a long acting insulin, duration of action last up 36 hours, but they achieve a steady state after 2-4 days. What are the different long acting insulin variants | Insulin detemir, insulin degludec, insulin glargine and protamine zinc / insulin zinc preparations |
| Can you name the brand name of insulin detemir, a long acting insulin | Levemir |
| Can you name the brand name of insulin glargine, a long acting insulin | Abasaglar, Lantus, Semglee and Tuojeo |
| Can you name the brand name of insulin degludec, a long acting insulin | Tresiba |
| What is the first line therapy for type 1 diabetes | Basal-bolus therapy. [Basal] Insulin detemir (Levemir) BD and [Bolus] rapid acting insulin injected before meals (e.g. Novorapid) |
| If BD insulin detemir is not tolerated, what alternative basal insulin can be given? | Insulin glargine (Abasaglar, Lantus, Semglee or Tuojeo) |
| What therapy should patient who have a HbA1C over 69mmol/mol while using multiple daily injection therapy | Continuous s/c insulin infusion pump |
| Co-amilofruse has what two medications in? | Amiloride and furosemide |
| This drug is an effective agent for both rate and rhythm control in AF, it is much too toxic for first-line use | Amiodarone |
| This drug can be used for rate control in AF but, on its own, it is less effective than a β-blocker or calcium channel blocker and potentially more toxic. | Digoxin |
| A weak diuretic that competitively blocks the aldosterone receptor, causing increased sodium and water excretion and potassium retention in the distal renal tubules. | Aldosterone antagonists e.g. spironolactone or eplerenone |
| This medication acts by inhibiting a membrane transport protein, inhibits the Na+/K+/2Cl− co-transporter in the loop of Henle. | Furosemide (loop diuretic) |
| This drug works at Beta 1 adrenoceptor. It can terminate some supraventricular tachycardias and reduce the ventricular rate in atrial fibrillation. | Metoprolol |
| This is Non-dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers are relatively cardioselective: they reduce the rate and force of cardiac contraction, and interfere with conduction at the AV node | Diltiazem or Verapamil |
| This drug class can cause heart block, cardiogenic shock and even asystole when combined with a non dhp CCB | BB |
| Ankle swelling is a common adverse effect of this drug | Amlodipine |
| What drugs can help CCB induced pitting oedema? (Diuretics do not help with this) | ACE or ARB due to their venodilation properties |
| amlodipine, atorvastatin, clopidogrel, indapamide and ramipril. Which of these medicine should she be advised to stop taking 1 week before a surgical procedure? | Clopidogrel as it takes 7-10 days to wear off |
| Around 1 in 200 patients on this drug will develop elevated liver enzymes. An LFT should be conducted before initiation and 3 months after | Simvastatin |
| Serum potassium should be checked 1-2 weeks after starting these drugs | Aldosterone antagonists e.g. spironolactone or eplerenone |
| Name a drug that causes increase of bradykinin | Ramipril, this is what causes dry cough |
| What HbA1c should those who are following lifestyle advice target? | Below 48 mmol/mol |
| The trigger for intensification of pharmacological treatment in diabetes (i.e. adding another agent) is HbA1c of | 58mmol/mol |
| The target HbA1c for diabetes patients in those on two or more agents the target is | <53 mmol/mol |
| This drug is a sex hormone antagonist. It acts by inhibiting aromatase, which prevents the peripheral conversion of androstendedione to oestradione. Thereby reducing free oestrogen, treating breast cancer. | Anastrazole |
| This drug treats breast cancer, it acts as a selective oestrogen receptor modulator | Tamoxifen |
| This drug works by 5α-reductase inhibition | Finasteride |
| This drug is toxic to fungi works by it's inhibition of ergosterol synthesis | Fluconazole |
| These drugs work by suppress luteinising hormone (LH)/follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) secretion. | Oestrogens and Progesterones |
| This diuretic can cause hyperglycaemia | bendroflumethiazide |
| The adverse effect of lactic acidosis is more likely in renal failure when taking this drug | Metformin |
| Metformin may interfere with what vitamin absorption and therefore cause or contribute to megaloblastic anaemia | Vitamin B12 |
| What drug activates the γ subclass of nuclear peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARγ), promoting expression of genes which enhance insulin sensitivity. | Pioglitazone |
| Which class of antidiabetic increases the risk and severity of heart failure. | Thiazolidinidiones |
| What drug should be used for acute steroid replacement, for example in Addisonian crisis (acute adrenal insufficiency) | Hydrocortisone IV |
| There is an increased risk of cancer of the lining of the womb with this drug | Tamoxifen |
| If the patient experiences these symptoms: severe and persistent stomach pain which may reach through to the back, it could be pancreatitis. What antidiabetics can cause this? | Gliptins (DPP4i) and GLP1 agonists (Dulaglutide, Exenatide and Semaglutide) |
| What drug should be withheld now and for 48 hours after a CT scan because of the IV contrast media causing contrast nephropathy | Metformin |
| This drug is a sex hormone antagonist. It is a prodrug that requires activation by a cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzyme, CYP2D6 thereby is inhibited by Fluoxetine a potent CYP2D6 inhibitor | Tamoxifen, Codeine is also activated by CYP2D6 |
| Can you name the drugs inactivated by a cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzyme, CYP2D6 thereby potentiated by Fluoxetine a potent CYP2D6 inhibitor causing increased adverse effects | Propranolol, Risperidone and Loratidine |
| This antiepileptic drug will need an increased dose if co-prescribed with Microgynon or other contraceptive | Lamotrigine |
| Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS). NMS is a serious condition that may be precipitated by drugs that have an antidopaminergic effect. What antiemetic would be most appropriate in someone who has had NMS? | Ondansetron (5HT3) or Cinnarizine (H1) |
| Can you name two Phenothiazine antiemetics | prochlorperazine and chlorpromazine |
| This antiemetic is a dopamine antagonist | Metoclopramide |
| Helicobacter pylori infection presents to her GP to commence treatment. She is allergic to benzylpenicillin, which caused an anaphylactic reaction. What do you give? | PPI + clarithromycin and metronidazole |
| This laxative is an important treatment in hepatic encephalopathy, by inhibiting ammonia producing bacteria in the GI tract | Lactulose |
| These drugs can precipitate hepatic encephalopathy in liver failure | Sedating antihistamines, all sedating drugs can |
| First choice laxative in pregnancy | Ispaghula husk |
| Second choice laxative in pregnancy | Lactulose |
| This antibiotic can cause cholestatic jaundice, even after treatment is completed | Flucloxacillin |
| This drug can cause hepatocellular necrosis in overdose | Paracetamol |
| These drugs should be administered at least 2 hours either side of Gaviscon | Levothyroxine, tetracyclines, digoxin, iron and bisphosphonates |
| The prescriber of this antibiotic should be sure that the patient is not pregnant because it is teratonogenic in the first trimester | Trimethoprim |
| This treatment may be appropriate for someone admitted to hospital with severe cellulitis | Benzylpenicillin and flucloxacillin |
| This drug can treat herpes simplex viral encephalitis | Aciclovir |
| This drug may be used to treat multi drug resistant pseudomonas aeruginosa | Ciprofloxacin |
| What antibiotics have a consistently bactericidal mechanism of action? | Penicillins, cephalosporins, carbapenems, Vanc, quinolones, metronidazole and nitrofurantoin |
| This drug is a penicillinase-resistant penicillin, is more likely to be active against penicillinase-producing staphylococci because it has an acyl side chain that protects its β-lactam ring | Flucloxacillin |
| a FBC test should be performed regularly to monitor treatment safety of this IV antibiotic, due to the development of bone marrow supression | Chloramphenicol |
| These drugs can cause prolonged QT interval | Antiarrhythmic drugs, antipsychotics, macrolide antibiotics and quinine |
| This drug binds to calcium in developing teeth and bone. This can cause discolouration and/or hypoplasia of tooth enamel therefore only give with 12+ | Doxycycline |
| This antibiotic drug class should be separated by at least 2 hours from divalent cations like calcium, antacids or iron | Tetracyclines |
| This antibiotic can be given by slow IV bolus injection | Amoxicillin |
| What drug should have a serum concentration performed 18–24 hours after the first dose? | Gentamicin |
| This antibiotic should not be used for upper GI infection even if the sensitivities come back indicate it | Nitrofurantoin |
| This can be used for recurrent episodes of genital herpes but it will not completely stop spread of infection to sexual partners | Aciclovir |
| What is the usual requirement for IV fluid intake (water) | 30ml/kg/day |
| What is the usual requirement for IV fluid intake (Sodium) | 1mmol/kg/day |
| What is the usual requirement for IV fluid intake (Potassium) | 1mmol/kg/day |
| drug causes of gout include | Thiazide like diuretics (e.g. indapamide), low dose aspirin, some anticancer drugs and alcohol |
| This drug is indicated for ongoing clonic seizure lasting for 25 minutes | Lorazepam 4mg by slow IV injection |
| This drug is indicated for a bipolar episode of depression but does not increase the risk of mania | Lamotrigine |
| This drug has long been used as a mood stabiliser in bipolar disorder, but its antidepressant effect is slow to develop. This makes it a less suitable choice in acute depressive episodes. | Lithium |
| These drugs can be used to treat bipolar depression episodes but increases the risk of mania | SSRIs and Valproate |
| This drug is a relatively short acting sedative less likely to precipitate daytime drowsiness | Zopiclone |
| These drugs are short acting sedatives that have a profound effect and are only used in a hospital setting | Midazolam and propofol |
| This drug can be given for tingling burning sensation in the feet in diabetes especially with night time pain | Amitriptyline |
| this drug works on sodium channels and is used for the treatment of bipolar and epilepsy | Lamotrigine |
| This drug effective for focal, generalised and myoclonic seizures works on synaptic vesicles | Levetiracetam |
| This migraine treatment is a vasoconstrictor so is contraindicated in ischaemic heart disease, they can cause angina and, rarely, myocardial infarction. | Serotonin 5-HT1-receptor agonists like Sumatriptan |
| Valproate has a particularly serious interaction with these antibiotics, characterised by a rapid (within days) and profound (near-complete) reduction in serum valproate | Carbapenems |
| Metabolic effects, such as weight gain, diabetes mellitus and lipid changes, are among the most common adverse effects of this drug. Monitoring weight, lipid profile and HbA1c at the baseline, 12 weeks into therapy, then annually, is therefore advised. | Second generation antipsychotics such as Olanzapine |
| This antiparkinsonian should be reviewed regularly and where no benefit is seen after 3 months of treatment, it should be stopped. | Donepezil |
| This treatment for urinary urgency works by antagonism at the muscarinic M3 receptor | Oxybutynin |
| An antimuscarinic drug used to treat urinary urgency and urge incontinence. Side effects of antimuscarinics include dry mouth, blurred vision, constipation and confusion. | Solifenacin |
| This blocks α1-adrenoceptors in the smooth muscle of the prostate gland, increasing urinary flow and relieving obstructive symptoms. Can cause hypotension, particularly postural hypotension | Tamsulosin |
| long-acting antimuscarinic bronchodilator. Its side effects include urinary retention in people susceptible to this. It should therefore be avoided or used cautiously in patients with a history of urinary retention, or risk factors | Tiotropium |
| What antibiotic can generally be used without dosage reduction in severe renal impairment? This is because it is excreted by the liver. | Metronidazole |
| This drug can interact with CYP3A4 inhibitors like diltiazem, macrolide antibiotics and amiodarone to potentiate side effects like headache | Sildenafil |
| A gap of 4 hours should be left between taking sildenafil and this class of drugs | Vasodilators (e.g. Doxazosin and alpha blockers) |
| This long acting antimuscarinic inhaler can cause dry mouth | Tiotropium |
| This drug is a specific inhibitor for paracetamol overdose, highly effective if started within 8-10 hours of the overdose | Acetylcysteine |
| A patient has pinpoint pupils, a low GCS score and low repiratory rate, what drugs is he likely to have overdosed on | Opiates |
| This drug should be administered in cases of benzodiazepine overdose | flumazenil |
| This drug is preferred to generic thiazide diuretics, often introduced at stage 2 or 3 of hypertension | Indapamide |
| What should be started if potassium is above 4.5mmol/L for stage 4 hypertension | Alpha blocker or beta blocker |
| Pregnant women are at high risk of developing pre-eclampsia if they have chronic kidney disease, diabetes mellitus, autoimmune disease, chronic hypertension, or if they have had hypertension during a previous pregnancy; these women are advised to take? | Aspirin |
| Give this IV to women in a critical care setting with severe hypertension or severe pre-eclampsia or if they have or have previously had an eclamptic fit. Consider IV in severe pre-eclampsia if birth is planned within 24 hours. | Magnesium sulphate |
| Women with a blood pressure of greater than 160/110 mmHg who require critical care during pregnancy or after birth should receive immediate treatment with either oral or IV | Labetolol, Hydralazine or Nifedipine |
| First-line options for treating newly diagnosed focal seizures | Carbamazepine or Lamotrigine |
| First-line treatment for newly diagnosed generalised tonic-clonic seizures | Sodium valproate, alternative Lamotrigine |
| Drugs of choice in absence seizures and syndromes are | Ethosuximide, or sodium valproate |
| The drug of choice in newly diagnosed myoclonic seizures | Sodium valproate. Topiramate and levetiracetam are alternatives |
| Atonic and tonic seizures are usually seen in childhood, in specific epilepsy syndromes, or associated with cerebral damage or mental retardation. The drug of choice is: | Sodium valproate |
| In early stages of Parkinson's disease, patients whose motor symptoms decrease their quality of life should be offered : | levodopa combined with carbidopa (co-careldopa) or benserazide (co-beneldopa) |
| Parkinson's disease patients whose motor symptoms do not affect their quality of life, could be prescribed a choice of levodopa or what? | non-ergot-derived dopamine-receptor agonists or monoamine-oxidase-B inhibitors |
| Name three non-ergot-derived dopamine-receptor agonists | Pramipexole, ropinirole or rotigotine |
| Name two monoamine-oxidase-B inhibitors | rasagiline or selegiline hydrochloride |
| Patients who develop dyskinesia or motor fluctuations despite optimal levodopa therapy should be offered: | non-ergot-derived dopamine-receptor agonists, monoamine-oxidase-B inhibitors or COMT inhibitors |
| Name two COMT inhibitors | Entacapone and Tolcapone |
| These drugs should only be considered as an adjunct to levodopa if symptoms are not adequately controlled with a non-ergot-derived dopamine-receptor agonist. | An ergot-derived dopamine-receptor agonist (bromocriptine, cabergoline or pergolide) |
| This drug can be considered If dyskinesia is not adequately managed by modifying existing therapy for Parkinsons | Amantadine |
| Daytime sleepiness for Parkinson's can be treated with this drug | Modafanil |
| Radiotherapy induced nausea with no appetite, what drug should be used to treat | Dexamethasone |
| First line treatment for trigeminal neuralgia | Carbamazepine |
| Vaginal thrush treatment in adults | Canesten 2% |
| Nappy rash treatment suggestive of candida infection | Canesten 1% |
| Treatment for ringworn which inflamed and itchy | Canesten HC 1% and 1% |
| Give an example of a LAMA + LABA treatment | Spiolto respimat (Tiotropium and Oladaterol) |
| These vaccines are given to neonates at risk only | Bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccine[BCG] (at birth) hepatitis B vaccine (at birth, 4 weeks, and 1 year) |
| Vaccines given at 8 weeks | Infanrix hexa, Meningococcal type B and rotavirus |
| What second doses of vaccines are given at 12 weeks | (second dose) infanrix hexa and rotavirus |
| What single dose vaccine is given at 12 weeks | pneumococcal polysaccharide conjugate vaccine |
| Vaccines given at 16 weeks | Infanrix hexa 3rd dose, meningococcal group B vaccine 2nd dose and pneumococcal polysaccharide conjugate vaccine 2nd dose |
| Infanrix hexa has got what in it? | diphtheria with tetanus, pertussis, hepatitis B, poliomyelitis and haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine |
| What vaccines are to be given at 1 year | MMR 1st dose, [Men B, Pneum Poly and Haem Influ (Single booster doses)] |
| These drugs are acetylcholinesterase inhibitors indicated for dementia associated with Parkinson's disease | Rivastigmine and Galantamine |
| What order are the 54321 for lipid targets | 5 Total TC, 4 TC/HDL ratio, 3 LDL target, 2 Fasting TG and 1 (higher) HDL |
| If a symmetrical pain is present when walking down stairs after starting this drug recently | Statins |
| A patient has a positive stool antigen test and a positive Urea 13C breath test, confirming H Pylori, what dose of antibiotic should be given | Amoxicillin 1g BD for 7 days + Metronidazole 400mg BD for 7 days, with Omeprazole 20-40mg BD for 7 days |
| This drug is an adjunct for focal seizures | Zonisamide |
| This drug licensed for treatment of muscle spasm associated pain can enhance hypotensive effects of antihypertensives | Baclofen |
| This drug is first line for treating infections of strep pyogenes around the mouth, this indication can also be caused by staph areus | Hydrogen peroxide |
| Treatment for this drug have centrally monitored Leucocyte and Neutrophil counts | Clozapine |
| What vitamin deficiency can caused bowed legs (rickets) and make someone feel tired | Vitamin D |
| What vitamin deficiency can cause bleeding gums and bruising (scurvy) | Vitamin C |
| This antiepileptic can cause visual field defects | Vigabatran |
| This antibiotic can cause damage to skeletal development of a foetus | Oxytetracycline |
| This high risk drug is approximately 90% protein bound so it's concentration does not follow first order kinetics | Phenytoin |
| Gene testing is appropriate with these drugs for steven johnson rash | Carbamazepine and Phenytoin |
| This antiparkinsonian can exacerbate oedema so is Cautioned in CHF | Amantadine |
| This antiparkinsonian can cause hair loss, and can delay the need for levodopa therapy | Selegiline |
| Recommended as first-line treatment of ocular hypertension in patients with an intra-ocular pressure of 24 mmHg or greater and who are at risk of visual impairment within their lifetime. Name some topical prostaglandin analogues | latanoprost, tafluprost, travoprost, or bimatoprost |
| Second line for ocular hypertension is? | topical beta-blocker (betaxolol, levobunolol hydrochloride, or timolol maleate) |
| First line treatment for pain associated with endometriosis | Paracetamol or NSAID trial for 3 months |
| What other treatment along wit pain relief should be given for endometriosis | Hormonal treatment (COC or POC) |
| Which NSAID is not used in acute attacks of gout | Aspirin |
| What is the safest option for acute attack of gout with someone who takes an Anticoagulant | Colchicine |
| 6th recording ***************** | 6th recording ***************** |
| When using this treatment, men should not have unprotected sex, especially with those of childbearing age / or pregnant as it can induce labour | Alprostadil |
| When applying this medication if washing hands with soap and water the cream should be reapplied after | Permethrin |
| The most likely class of antihypertensive to cause cold extremities | Beta blockers |
| The most likely class of antihypertensive to cause peripheral vasodilation | Dihydropyridine CCBs e.g. Amlodipine |
| Care should be taken when driving or operating machinery as this drug is associated with hypotensive reactions and a sudden onset of sleep. | Rotigotine |
| It is important to ensure adequate hydration at all times in patients receiving higher-strength preparations of this drug, given for reduced or absent exocrine secretion | Pancreatin |
| Brush teeth for one minute before spitting out. Avoid drinking or rinsing mouth for 30 minutes after use. | Duraphat |
| A patient is admitted to hospital with tuberculosis and requires the combination of drugs used in the continuation phase of tuberculosis treatment. | Isoniazid and rifampicin, pyridoxine hydrochloride |
| A patient, with a penicillin allergy, requires treatment to eradicate a H. pylori infection. | Clarithromycin, metronidazole and omeprazole |
| Treatment choice in patient with HIV once stabilised on other medication. | Efavirenz, emtricitabine and tenofovir |
| This treatment for a patient for deep vein thrombosis has a direct thrombin inhibitor which has a rapid onset of action | Dabigatran |
| This drug is usually contraindicated in under 16 years unless for Kawasaki disease | Aspirin |
| This drug can colour urine a tint of blue (in some lights), potassium sparing diuretic used for oedema | Triamterene |
| This antidiabetic has an increased risk of heart failure | Pioglitazone |
| this antidiabetic has a risk of fatal diabetic ketoacidosis | Empagliflozin |
| This drug can be used for psychoses, can cause contact sensitisation | Chlorpromazine |
| Before initiating treatment with this drug a review of oral health should be carried out because of the risk of osteonecrosis of the jaw | Bisphosphonates (Risedronate) |
| absorption of this antibiotic impacted by dairy. Consumption of large amounts of dairy produce should be restricted to 1 to 2 hours before taking this medication. | Ciprofloxacin |
| The use of higher dosages of this drug may cause photosensitisation, and as such, sunlight should be avoided. | Chlorpromazine |
| This treatment for benign gastric ulceration has an adverse affect of slowing gastric emptying | Sucralfate |
| This antiarrhythmic drug is contraindicated in sino-atrial block | Amiodarone |
| What drug is contraindicated in a patient suffering with complete biliary obstruction? | Colestyramine |
| In patients with acute inflammation of the gall bladder, what medication is contraindicated | Ursodeoxycholic acid |
| This medication is indicated for bacterial vaginosis and is usually given at a dose of one applicatorful daily for 3-7 nights | Clindamycin |
| Used for the induction of labour for medical reasons | Oxytocin |
| Potent uterine stimulant that is teratogenic | Misoprostol |
| This drug, when prescribed, should only be for treatment courses lasting for 2 to 4 weeks. This indication includes '....anxiety that is severe or disabling...' | Diazepam (other benzos accepted) |
| The overuse of this drug may result in potentially serious hypokalaemia. | Salbutamol |
| This drug can cause cholestatic jaundice up to 8 weeks after treatment has ceased. | Flucloxacillin |
| A prescription for these capsules for a 25-year-old woman would expire after 7 days. | Isotretinoin |
| Sudafed® and Sinutab® contains this active, and is cautioned in hypertension and diabetes. | Pseudoephedrine |
| What is the first line add on therapy to ICS+SABA for asthma by SIGN | LABA |
| Addition of this therapy should be considered in patients uncontrolled on a SABA, ICS and LABA (SIGN) | Montelukast |
| What is the advice from SIGN for patients who are still experiencing asthma symptoms despite the use of four therapies | Refer to specialist |
| This drug if taken by a man, both him and his partner should use contraception and for 90 days after stopping therapy. If a women takes it she should use two forms of contraception | Mycophenolate mofetil |
| This drug is used as the antidote for heparin overdose/toxicity | Protamine sulphate |
| Menstrual disturbance can occur with use of this antihypertensive treatment | Spironolactone |
| Insomnia is a side effect of this antihypertensive, along with dry cough | Captopril |
| This drug is used as an adjunct in the treatment of alcohol dependency | Disulfiram |
| Fosavance® is a combination brand of these two drugs | Alendronic acid and colecalciferol |
| Targinact® contains what | Oxycodone and naloxone |
| Teysuno® contains what (used in the treatment of advanced gastric cancer) | Tegafur, gimeracil and oteracil |
| Triapin® contains what | Ramipril and Felodipine |
| Can you name some common creams/ointments that stain clothing (Not all) | Ampthotericin, Anthralin, Apomorphine, Benzoyl Peroxide, Calcipotriene, Chlorhexidine, Ciclopirox, Clioquinol, Clobetasol, Coal tar, Halobetasol, Hydroquinone, Tetracyclines, Mupirocin, Selenium and Silver nitrate |
| If a patient is showing signs of Lithium toxicity in your community pharmacy what should you do? | Send them to A&E |
| Drugs that can prolong QT | "Conazole's, "Mycin's, Metronidazole, Quinolones, Antivirals, Antimalarials, Antiarrhythmics, TCAs and antipsychotics |
| These drugs can cause damage the skeletal development in unborn babies | Tetracyclines |
| This drug may be used in the treatment of cellulitis. It can be administered orally, IM or IV for this condition | Clindamycin |
| This drug is known as a bile acid sequestrant | Cholestyramine |
| A patient who has been taking metformin for 4 months with a HbA1c of 7.2% with no other health concerns should be given what? | Gliclazide |
| Which antidiabetic for first drug intensification from metformin causes weight loss | SGLT2 inhibitors |
| Which drug should have contraception during treatment and for 90 days after stopping in men and 6 weeks after stopping in women | Mycophenolate mofetil |
| Minimum age suitable for this drug is 3 months, brand name with strengh of 100mg/5ml | Nurofen |
| This drug for weight loss cannot be sold to those under the age of 18 years | Alli® 60 mg hard capsules. |
| Gingival hyperplasia (swollen gums) is a common side effect of this drug | Ciclosporin |
| This treatment for rheumatoid arthritis can cause retinopathy | Hydroxychloroquine |
| This drug should be monitored weekly for the first 18 weeks of treatment, the fortnightly up to 1 year, the monthly | Clozapine |
| Treatments for head lice include | Dimeticone, Malathion or wet combing |
| This treatment for head lice should not be given in patients under 6 months or with asthma | Malathion |
| Which eye drop for ocular hypertension should not be considered in a patient with CHF | Timolol |
| This drug is present in Bactroban, applied 2-3 times daily for 5-7 days up to 10 days for impetigo | Mupirocin |
| This antidiabetic works by blockade of ATP-sensitive potassium channels | Glipizide |
| Which NSAID has the lowest side effect profile but has less anti-inflammatory effects | Ibuprofen |
| This NSAID has minor anti-inflammatory properties. It has occasionally been associated with diarrhoea and haemolytic anaemia which require discontinuation of treatment. | Mefenamic acid |
| This NSAID is licensed for the short-term relief of pain in osteoarthritis and for long-term treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis. | Meloxicam |
| This NSAID is as effective as naproxen and has a long duration of action with OD admin, but has more GI side-effects than most other NSAIDs, and is associated with more frequent serious skin reactions. | Piroxicam |
| These are selective COX-2 inhibitor NSAIDs and have lower likelihood of serious GI event than non-selective NSAIDs | Celecoxib and Etoricoxib |
| What NSAIDs are most associated with increased risk of cardiovascular effects | Celecoxib, Etoricoxib, Ibuprofen and Diclofenac/Aceclofenac |
| NSAIDs with the highest risk of GI effects | Piroxicam, Ketoprofen and Ketorolac |
| This antibiotic must be taken while standing or sitting upright and well before bed to avoid oesophagitis | Doxycycline |
| This drug is to be taken before conception and for the first TWELVE weeks of pregnancy. Dose is 400mcg for low risk and 5mg for high risk | Folic acid |
| This is licensed in patients above 30mg/m2 or 28mg/m2 with T2DM, HTN or Hypercholesterolaemia | Orlistat |
| This treatment should be added to Levodopa therapy in those who develop dyskinesia | Dopamine agonists (Pramipexole, ropinirole or rotigotine) |
| This drug works by Inhibiting the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase, essential for the synthesis of purines and pyrimidines | Methotrexate |
| A Neurokinin 1-receptor antagonist, because of its very long t½ (>160h), this drug is effective for treating delayed phase nausea in CINV | Rolipitant |
| This laxative can enter breast milk | Senna |
| What drug in toxicity causes slurred speach, nystagmus, ataxia, confusion, hyperglycaemia, dyplopia and blurred vision | Phenytoin |
| Side effects of this drug include gingival hyperplasia, coarsening of facial features, acne, hirsutism, blood dyscrasias | Phenytoin |
| This drug works by binding to neuronal sodium channels in their inactive state and prolongs inactivity | Phenytoin |
| This drug works by inhibiting neuronal sodium channels, stabilising membrane potential and reduces excitability | Carbamazepine |
| Therapeutic index of 4-12mg/L or 20-50micromole/L | Carbamazepine |
| Symptoms of toxicity are incoordination, hyponatraemia, ataxia, nystagmus, drowsiness, blurred vision and diplopia, arrhythmias and nausea and vomiting | Carbamazepine |
| Side effects of this include blood dyscrasias, hepatotoxicity, rash and hyponatraemia and dose effective SEs: headache, ataxia, drowsiness, nausea, vomiting, blurred vision, unsteadiness and skin reactions | Carbamazepine |
| Weak inhibitor of neuronal sodium channels, stabilises resting membrane potential and reduces excitability | Sodium Valproate |
| Side effects include hepatotoxicity, blood dyscrasias, pancreatitis and teratogenicity | Sodium Valproate |
| What should be given in non-convulsive status epilepticus with incomplete loss of awareness | Continue or restart their oral antiepileptic drug |
| What should be given in the community for someone having a seizure over 5 minutes in duration | Diazepam rectal, or Midazolam oromucosal |
| The mechanism of action of this NTW drug is not fully understood | Lithium |
| The therapeutic range for this drug is 0.4-1mmol/L for prophylaxis in the elderly and 0.8-1mmol/L in a manic episode | Lithium |
| Blood samples for monitoring are taken 12 hours post dose and monitored every 3 months unless significant or intercurrent illness | Lithium |
| Symptoms of toxicity for this include Renal disturbances (polyuria, incontinence and hypernatraemia), Extrapyramidal symptoms, visual disturbance, Nervous system disturbance and diarrhoea and vomiting | Lithium |
| Toxic effects when blood conc is above 2mmol/L include Renal failure, Arrhythmias, seizures, BP changes, circulatory failure, coma and sudden death | Lithium |
| Side effects of this drug include Thyroid disorders, Renal impairment, intracranial hypertension, QT prolongation and lower seizure thresholds | Lithium |
| This drug is a schedule 5 CD as a tablet but a schedule 2 CD as an injection | Codeine |
| Toxicity of this causes pinpoint pupils, coma and respiratory depression | Opioid |
| These drugs can be used in smoking cessation | Varenicline and Bupropion |
| Initial treatment for Rheumatoid arthritis | Methotrexate + Other DMARD + Temporary steroid |
| This DMARD works by inhibiting the conversion of dihydrofolate(folic acid) to tetrahydrofolate needed to make pyrimidines and therefore DNA. Preventing cellular replication | Methotrexate |
| If the dose of this drug is missed by over 3 days then you should wait until the next scheduled dose, if within 3 days take immediately | Methotrexate |
| This drug cause hepatotoxicity, renal toxicity, low platelet, anaemia, pulmonary toxicity and GI toxicity. NSAIDs should be avoided and ensure flu vaccinated. | Methotrexate |
| Patient to report: mouth ulcer, fever, malaise, sore throat, extreme tiredness, pallor, dizziness, bruising and bleeding easily, N&V, dark urine, jaundice, SOB, cough and stomatitis | Methotrexate |
| Drugs that can cause gout include | Loop and thiazide diuretics, ciclosporin, Tacrolimus, Cytotoxics and cancer drugs |
| The dose of these drugs when taken with allopurinol should be reduced by 1/4 to 1/2 | Mercaptopurine and Azathioprine |
| This class of drug if taken in the 3rd trimester can delay labour, cause pulmonary hypertension (in new born) and cause premature closure of foetal ductus arteriosus | NSAIDs |
| This class 1 antiarrhythmic is contraindicated in severe COPD and asthma | Flecainide and Propafenone |
| What drug should be given for non-sustained ventricular tachy | Beta blocker |
| What drug should be given for stable sustained ventricular tachy | Amiodarone |
| Treatment for Torsade de Pointes (prolonged QT interval) | Magnesium Sulphate |
| Therapeutic levels for this drug are taken 6 hours after dose, varying bioavailability from different routes and a long half life | Digoxin |
| Digoxin dose should be halved if taken with this drug | Amiodarone |
| VTE in pregnancy, what is the choice anticoagulant | LMWH, stop at labour onset |
| This drugs tablets are white=0.5mg, brown=1mg, blue=3mg and pink=5mg. The drug takes 48-72 hours to work. | Warfarin |
| What should be given for long term management of TIA in combination with Aspirin | MR Dipyridamole |
| Take these 30-60 mins before food, Persantin retard capsules have a special container with a 6 week expiry | Dipyridamole |
| This antihypertensive should be avoided in combination with a beta blocker in a diabetic patient | Bendroflumethiazide |
| This cannot be sold for use in children under the age of 10, max supply is 1 week. Used for allergic contact dermatitis, irritant dermatitis, insect bite reactions and mild to moderate eczema | Hydrocortisone cream |
| This drug used for fracture prevention in osteopenia should be avoided in women of child bearing potential | Zolendronic acid |
| What Statins are considered high intensity statins + dose | Atorva 20, 40 and 80mg, Rosuva 10, 20 and 40mg and Simvastatin 80mg |
| If vomiting occurs within 3-4 hours of taking this contraceptive another should be taken immediately | Cerazette |
| Intrinsic sympathomimetic activity (ISA) represents the capacity of BBs to stimulate as well as to block adrenergic receptors. they cause less bradycardia than the other BBs and may also cause less coldness of the extremities. | Celiprolol hydrochloride, pindolol, acebutolol, and oxprenolol |
| The antidiabetic effect of this drug is enhanced by alcohol can be resulting in hypoglycaemia | Sulphonylureas |
| This drug's elixir contains 20% alcohol content | Theophylline elixir |
| Drugs that can produce a disulfiram like reaction when mixed with alcohol | Phenacetin, Phenylbutazone, Cefamandole, Cefoperazone, Cefotetan, Chloramphenicol, Griseofulvin, Isoniazid, Metronidazole, Nitrofurantoin, Sulfamethoxazole, Isosorbide dinitrate and Tolbutamide (+other less well known) |
| Alcohol interacts with these drugs by increasing the likelihood of a GI bleed | NSAIDs |
| Alcohol interacts with these drugs by enhancing their CNS depressive effects resulting in drowsiness and decreased motor skills | Opiates |
| Alcohol inhibits the metabolism of the actives of these agents as well as enhancing their CNS depressant effects resulting in drowsiness and disorientation | Sedatives and hypnotics |
| Alcohol increases the sedative effects of these drugs and also increase the risk of orthostatic hypotension (sudden drop in BP) | TCAs (Amitriptyline) |
| Alcohol interacts with this drug by increasing it's hepatotoxic effects | Methotrexate |
| These drugs increase the effect of alcohol by reducing it's first pass metabolism and increases gastric emptying | H2 antagonists |
| Alcohol will increase the anticoagulant effect of this drug by decreasing its metabolism | Warfarin |
| This drug interacts with alcohol by increasing its absorption rate and can also potentially cause liver damage by a bi product of their combined metabolism | Aspirin |
| This antibiotic can cause liver disease when taken with alcohol and can have a disulfiram like reaction | Isoniazid |
| This antibiotic causes increased gastric absorption of alcohol | Erythromycin |
| Used in Mild - Mod dementia, acetylcholinesterase inhibitor associated with increased risk of NMS especially when co-prescribed antipsychotics | Donepezil |
| Used in Mild - Mod dementia, acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, stop at first sign of rash due to associated steven johnsons rash | Galantamine |
| Used in Mild - Mod dementia, acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, used in Parkinson's associated dementia, if GI symptoms occur withold until resolved | Rivastigmine |
| Used in Moderate to severe dementia, NMDA glutamate receptor antagonist | Memantine |
| Used in severe non-cognitive symptoms of dementia that cause severe distress or immediate harm to self or others. Caution in history of cardiac, stroke, smoking or diabetes | Antipsychotics |
| Used in severe aggression, violence or agitation associated to non-cognitive symptoms of dementia | Oral benzodiazepine or antipsychotics |
| What benzodiazepines can be considered for IM injection for immediate behavioural control in a dementia patient | Haloperidol, Olanzapine or Lorazepam |
| Most antiepileptics are given twice daily, what antiepileptics have long half lives and so are given once daily at night | Phenobarbital, Lamotrigine, Perampenal and Phenytoin |
| These drugs are first line for partial / focal seizures | Lamotrigine and Carbamazepine |
| These drugs are alternatives for partial / focal seizures | Levetiracetam, Valproate and Oxcarbazepine |
| These drugs are first line for generalised tonic-clonic seizures | Valproate and Carbamazepine |
| These drugs are alternatives for generalised tonic-clonic seizures | Lamotrigine |
| This drug is first line for generalised Absence seizures in someone at high risk of tonic clonic seizures | Valproate |
| This drug is first line for generalised Absence seizures in someone at low risk of tonic clonic seizures | Ethosuximide |
| This drug is an alternative for Absence seizures | Lamotrigine |
| First line for generalised myoclonic seizures | Valproate |
| Alternative therapy for generalised myoclonic seizures | Topiramate and Levetiracetam |
| First line for generalised atonic seizures | Valproate |
| Category 1 antiepileptics maintain on same brand | CP3 (carbamazepine, phenytoin, phenobarbital and primidone) |
| Category 2 antiepileptics use clinical judgement as to maintaining on same brand | Valproate, Lamotrigine, Clonazepam and Topiramate |
| Apart from valproate what antiepileptics are at increased risk of teratogenicity in pregnancy | CP3L (carbamazepine, phenytoin, primidone, phenobarbital and Lamotrigine). Topiramate does also cause cleft palate |
| What main antiepileptic reduces the efficacy of contraception | Carbamazepine |
| What antiepileptics are high risk of withdrawal in new borns | Phenobarbital and benzos |
| What antiepileptics require dose adjustment based on plasma drug conc in pregnant women | Phenytoin, Carbamazepine and Lamotrigine |
| What antiepileptics require monitoring of foetal development in pregnant women | Topiramate and Levetiracetam |
| These antiepileptics are highly present in breast milk when taking | (ZELP) Zonisamide, Ethosuximide, Lamotrigine and Primidone |
| Further to ZELP, what other antiepileptics have established risk in breast milk induced effects on babies | Phenobarbital and benzos |
| These antiepileptics are especially prone to hypersensitivity reaction | CP3L (carbamazepine, phenytoin, primidone, phenobarbital and lamotrigine) |
| This antiepileptic is most associated with steven johnson rash | Lamotrigine |
| The following antieplieptics can cause blood dyscrasias and so should report signs of bleeding or infection | C VET PLZ (carbamazepine, vigabatran, ethosuximide, topiramate, phenytoin, lamotrigine and zonisamide) |
| Report signs of raised intraocular pressure as this antiepileptic can cause acute myopia and secondary acute angle glaucoma | Topiramate |
| This antiepileptic is associated with severe respiratory depression | Gabapentin |
| Recording***************************************** | recording****************************** |
| First line for low sev CAP + dose | Amoxicillin 500mg tds for 5 days |
| Potent central nervous system stimulant, increases dopamine and noradrenaline levels in the brain, first line for ADHD in children | Methylphenidate |
| Potent central nervous system stimulant, increases dopamine and noradrenaline levels in the brain, second line in ADHD in children | Lisdexamfetamine |
| Which SSRI has the greatest risk of withdrawal symptoms | Paroxetine |
| What two SSRIs can cause QT prolongation | Citalopram and Escitalopram |
| For what antidepressant do you give a treatment booklet, it is also hepatotoxic | Agomelatine |
| This SNRI is also used in diabetic neuropathy | Duloxetine |
| Side effects of this class of antidrepressants are GASH, Gastrointestinal, Appetite or weight disturbance, Serotonin syndrome and Hypersensitivity. Other symptoms include bleeding risk increased, QT prolongation(for some), seizure threshold lowered & more | SSRIs |
| Symptoms of overdose of this drug class include N+V, agitation, tremor, nystagmus, drowsiness, sinus tachy and convulsions | SSRIs |
| This can increase concentration of SSRIs | Grapefruit juice |
| Name Tricyclic antidepressants | Amitriptyline, Clomipramine, Dosulepin, Doxepin, Trimipramine, Imipramine, Lofepramine and Nortriptyline |
| Name some tetracyclic antidepressants | Mianseron and Trazodone |
| What are the less sedating tricyclic antidepressants | Imipramine, Lofepramine and Nortriptyline |
| Antimuscarinic side effects are caused by this drug class, these include Dry mouth, blurred vision, constipation, tachycardia, urinary retention, pupil dilation, raised intraocular pressure and angle closure glaucoma | TCAs |
| Name some MAOIs (AEs: hepatotoxic, postural hypo, Hypertensive crises, Tyramine food interaction) | Phenelzine, Isocarboxazid, Tranylcypromine and Moclobemide (MAOBi) |
| Highest risk of C.Diff | Clindamycin |
| This antibacterial should be avoided with a renal clearance below 45ml/min | Nitrofurantoin |
| As a general rule Tetracycline antibiotics should not be used in renal impairment, what are the two exceptions to this rule | Minocycline and Doxycycline |
| Nephrotoxic antibiotics include | Aminoglycosides and Glycopeptide |
| Along with Flucloxacillin, this antibiotic can cause cholestatic jaundice | Co-amoxiclav |
| The pneumonic MCAT is for antibacterials to avoid during pregnancy, what does it stand for | Metronidazole, Chloramphenicol, Aminoglycosides and Tetracyclines |
| The safest antibiotics for use during pregnancy include | Penicillins and Cephalosporins |
| What is the antibiotic of choice for combatting Staphylococci | Flucloxacillin |
| What is the antibiotic of choice for combatting MRSA | Vancomycin |
| What is the antibiotic of choice for combatting Streptococci | Benzylpenicllin or Phenoxymethylpenicillin |
| What is the antibiotic of choice for combatting Anaerobes | Metronidazole |
| What is the antibiotic of choice for combatting Pseudomonas Aeruginosa | Gentamicin |
| This antibiotic inhibits protein synthesis, bacteriostatic, Narrow spectrum, if diarrhoea develops it should be reported immediately | Clindamycin |
| This antibacterial inhibits protein synthesis in gram positive bacteria, narrow spectrum and bacteriostatic, alternative to Vanc in MRSA, report visual symptoms and avoid tyramine rich foods | Linezolid |
| This antibacterial inhibits DNA synthesis, bactericidal with narrow spectrum, can cause blood dyscrasias in long term use. Hyperkalaemia and teratogenic in first trimester | Trimethoprim |
| This drug is used in prophylaxis and treatment of Pneumocystis Jirovecii Pneumonia. Can cause SJS and phototoxicity | Co-trimoxazole |
| This antibacterial is broad spectrum, bacteriostatic and works by inhibiting protein synthesis, it is reserved for life threatening infection, can cause blood dyscrasias and grey baby syndrome | Chloramphenicol |
| This antibacterial is narrow spectrum, bactericidal with high activity against anaerobes and protozoa, inhibitis DNA synthesis. Taken with or after food, can cause taste disturbance and oral mucositis | Metronidazole |
| This narrow spectrum antibiotic is bactericidal, damaging bacterial DNA, only active against urinary pathogen, causes neonatal haemolysis at term. Take with or after food, colours urine yellow or brown. | Nitrofurantoin |
| This antibacterial binds irreversibly to bacterial ribosomes. Broad spectrum. Not absorbed by the gut so is given IV | Aminoglycosides |
| This Aminoglycoside is reserved for TB for it's activity against mycobacteria | Streptomycin |
| This aminoglycoside is given via inhaler for pseudomonal infection in cystic fibrosis | Tobramycin |
| This aminoglycoside is parenterally toxic so it is only used in bowel sterilization | Neomycin |
| This Aminoglycoside is used in Gentamicin-resistant g-ve bacilli | Amikacin |
| This antibacterial is bacteriostatic, broad spectrum, binds to 30s ribosome subunit. Stop in cases of headaches and visual disturbance due to intracranial hypertension. Some can cause photosensitivity and oesophageal irritation | Tetracyclines |
| This can be used to treat pneumocystis pneumonia if the patient is intolerant to trimethoprim | Atovaquone |
| This drug class is bacteriostatic, broad spectrum and works by binding to the 50s subunit of the ribosome, generally taken with or after food | Macrolides |
| This macrolide can cause taste disturbance, taken BD | Clarithromycin |
| These two antibacterials are potent enzyme inhibitors and can cause an increased risk of bleeding with warfarin and an increased risk of myopathy with statins | Erythromycin and Clarithromycin |
| This type of antibiotic can be fatal if given intrathecally. | Penicillins |
| 1st generation cephalosporins include | Cefalexin, Cefadroxil and Cefradine |
| 2nd generation cephalosporins include | Cefuroxime and Cefaclor |
| 3rd generation cephalosporins include | Cefixime, Ceftriaxone, Cefotaxime and Ceftazidine |
| This drug is a 5th generation cephalosporin with extended spectrum, used in community acquired pneumonia and complicated skin infections | Ceftaroline |
| This medication is contraindicated during treatment of C.Diff | Loperamide |
| Treatment for Endocarditis | Amoxicillin +/- Low dose Gentamicin |
| This oral drug combination is licensed for moderate severity CAP | Amoxicillin + Clarithromycin |
| Standard treatment for a non-blanching rash caused by Neisseria Meningitidis (Meningitis) | Benzylpenicillin |
| Treatment for Meningitis in a patient with penicillin allergy | Cefotaxime, Chloramphenicol in immediate allergy |
| First line treatment for osteomyelitis | Flucloxacillin, Clindamycin in Penicillin allergy |
| This antimalarial is initiated 1-2 days before entering endemic zone and continued for 4 weeks after. Protect skin from sunlight, 2 hour gap with indigestive remedies. Swallow whole capsule with meal while sitting or standing. | Doxycycline |
| This antimalarial is initiated 2-3 weeks before, Contraindicated in psychoses | Mefloquine |
| Drugs with risk of G6PD deficiency haemolytic anaemia | Dapsone, Sulphonamides, Nitrofurantoin, Quinolones and Rasbirucase |
| Treatment of acute porphyric crises | Haem arginate |
| First line treatment for haemophilus influenza (Epiglottis) | Cefotaxime, Chloramphenicol if immediate reaction to Penicillin history |
| This product should not be cut, do not touch the adhesive side when applying, avoid hairy areas, Apply it to a dry flat & undamaged area, do not expose it to strong heat or sunlight, the same area can be used after a 7 day break and fold inward on removal | Opiate patches |
| This anticoagulant should be stopped 5 days before surgery | Warfarin |
| If INR is above 1.5 on the day of surgery for a warfarin patient (stopped 5 days prior) what should be given | Phytomenadione |
| In patient who are stopping warfarin for 5 days prior to surgery, this drug should be given for the interim if the patient is high risk of stroke | LMWH |
| This drug if started for interim bridging of warfarin for surgery should be stopped 24 hours before surgery or 48 hours if the surgery is high risk of bleed | LMWH |
| What should be given in patients who require emergency surgery who take warfarin be given | Prothrombin complex and Phytomenadione |
| This antiparkinsonian has a max daily dose of 100mg, administered s/c into the stomach | Apomorphine |
| This is a nicotine partial receptor agonist, dose adjustment in renal below 30ml/min. Uncommon s/e of depression, immediately stop and refer to GP if this occurs | Varenicline |
| This drug can be taken to arrest dysfunctional uterine bleeding | Norethisterone |
| The dose of this drug should be adjusted when used in combination with Itraconazole | Solifenacin or Tamsulosin |
| The concentration of this drug should be measured 5 days after starting treatment and 3 days after any dose adjustments | Theophylline |
| In overdose can cause vomiting, agitation, restlessness, dilated pupils, sinus tachycardia, and hyperglycaemia. More serious effects are haematemesis, convulsions, and arrhythmias and hypokalaemia | Theophylline |
| This drug can be given for those over 2 years of age with bacterial conjunctivitis | Chloramphenicol |
| This drug is used as an adjunct for loop or thiazide diuretics for potassium conservation | Amiloride |
| This drug is used for treatment of osteoporosis in men at a dose of 35mg a week, avoid if eGFR below 30ml/min | Risedronate |
| This treatment for postmenopausal osteoporosis can be given as 70mg ow or 10mg od, avoid if eGFR below 35ml/min | Alendronic acid |
| This drug is given as 10mg daily for the treatment of steroid induced osteoporosis in post menopausal women w/o HRT or osteoperosis in men | Alendronic acid |
| This treatment can be used for paget's disease of the bone at a dose of 30mg daily for 2 months | Risedronate |
| This treatment for osteoporosis should be given 5mg annually or once every 18 months (osteopenia), avoid if eGFR below 35ml/min | Zolendronic acid |
| This antimalarial can be given to those over 40kg and 18 years of age. 1-2 days before and 7 days after endemic exit. Maximum period of supply. Take with food/milk | Maloff (progaunil and Atovaquone) |
| This drug is initiated at 300mg then reduced to 75mg od for ACS, continue lifelong | Aspirin |
| Combination for ACS | DAPT, ACEi, BB/Verapamil/Diltiazem and Statin |
| This drug should be administered within 4.5 hours of symptom onset, if intracranial haemorrhage has been ruled out | Alteplase |
| This drug can be initiated 24 hours after alteplase | Aspirin |
| First line antiplatelet for stroke prevention | Clopidogrel |
| This drug should be taken for 6 weeks for DVT, 3 months for provoked VTE and at least 3 months for unprovoked | Warfarin** |
| This anticoagulant works by activating antithrombin, used if the patient is high risk of bleed | Unfractionated Heparin |
| This drug is renally cleared, risk of toxicity with nephrotoxics. Symptoms of toxicity of this drug include Bradycardia, GI disturbance, Blurred/yellow vision, confusion and rash | Digoxin |
| This drugs biovailability is 75% in elixir, 90% in tablets and 100% IV | Digoxin |
| This drug is an alternative for Carbimazole for if it causes a rash. It should also be used in the first trimester of pregnancy. Caution hepatotoxic. | Propylthiouracil |
| This drug for hyperthyroidism is C/I in the first trimester of pregnancy but can be restarted in the second. | Carbimazole |
| This drug interacts with mesalazine by lowering stool PH in the intestine preventing sufficient release of the active | Lactulose |
| This drug is a more potent analogue of vasopressin with a longer duration of action. Side effects include hyponatraemia and convulsions | Desmopressin |
| This constipating drug can cause cardiac reactions like QT prolongation. Max dose 16mg/day | Loperamide |
| This drug is used alone or in combination with insulin for type 2 diabetes in pregnancy | Metformin |
| This drug should be monitored for fluid retention when given in pregnancy, but is generally safe | Steroids |
| This antiparkinsonian can cause hypotensive reactions | Bromocriptine |
| This class of drug is not useful in eGFR's below 30 | Diuretics |
| These are some mildly potent steroids | Hydrocortisone 0.1–2.5%, Dioderm, Mildison, Synalar 1 in 10 dilution |
| These are some mildly potent steroid with antimicrobial preparations | Canesten HC, Daktacort, Econacort, Fucidin H, Hydrocortisone with chlorhexidine hydrochloride and nystatin Terra-Cortril, Timodine |
| These are some moderately potent steroids | Betnovate-RD, Eumovate, Haelan, Modrasone, Synalar 1 in 4 Dilution, Ultralanum Plain |
| Name a moderately potent steroid with antimicrobials preparation | Trimovate |
| Name a moderately potent steroid with urea preparation | Alphaderm |
| These are some potent steroids | Beclometasone dipropionate 0.025%, Betamethasone valerate 0.1%, Betacap, Betesil, Bettamousse, Betnovate, Cutivate, Diprosone, Elocon, Hydrocortisone butyrate, Locoid, Locoid Crelo, Metosyn, Mometasone furoate 0.1%, Nerisone, Synalar |
| These are some potent steroid with antimicrobial preparations | Aureocort, Betamethasone & clioquinol, Betamethasone & neomycin, Fucibet, Lotriderm, Synalar C, Synalar N |
| Name a preparation with potent steroid with salicylic acid | Diprosalic |
| Name some very potent steroids | Clarelux, Dermovate, Etrivex, Nerisone Forte |
| Name a preparation containing a potent steroid with antimicrobial | Clobetasol with neomycin and nystatin |
| Doses of this drug are 150mcg 1month - 5years, 300mcg 6y-11y, and then 500mcg 12y+ unless small or prepubertal in which case 300mcg | Adrenaline |
| A 16 hour patch for this drug is generally used unless the patient has strong cravings when they wake in the morning, then a 24 hour patch can be used | Nicotine transdermal patch |
| This high risk drug can cause hyponatraemia in overdose and it's therapeutic range is 4-12mg/L | Carbamazepine |
| This high risk drug increases the metabolism of vitamin D so can cause low vitamin D | Phenytoin |
| This high risk drug can cause chronic intestinal obstruction | Clozapine |
| This Schedule 2 CD can cause growth retardation, decreased weight, hypertension, depression, anxiety, aggression and N+V | Methylphenidate |
| The antiemetic of choice in Parkinson's disease is | Domperidone |
| This IV anaesthetic is most appropriate in children and has a quick recovery with minimal hangover effect | Propofol |
| This drug can be used for beta blockers overdose | Atropine |
| These electrolyte imbalances carry a risk of this drug's toxicity, Hypokalaemia, Hypercalcaemia and Hypomagnesemia | Digoxin |
| Withdrawal of this drug can cause hallucinations and fever. These side effects can become life threatening | Baclofen |
| Magnesium antacids should be avoided while taking this drug as it can cause severe diarrhoea, sometimes requiring withdrawal, but can be reduced by giving single doses not exceeding 200mcg | Misoprostol |
| Symptoms of a PE, DVT, severe stomach pains, jaundice or a BP above 165/95 are reasons to withdraw this drug | Combined oral contraceptive |
| This can raise potassium levels due to it inhibiting aldosterone secretion. This is particularly in patients with Diabetes, CKD, metabolic acidosis or taking medicinal products known to increase potassium. | Enoxaparin |
| This drug can cause bone marrow suppression which would present as flu like symptoms (runny nose, feverish, shaky and headache) | Carbimazole |
| For what drug should you rinse the irretrievable liquid and pour it into a denaturing kit | Methadone |
| This treatment should be used at high dose for faecal impaction with hard stools | Macrogols |
| After a few days with treatment of hard stools with high dose macrogol what can be added to aid the passing | Senna or other oral stimulant laxative |
| Side effects of this mineralocorticoid include hypertension | Fludrocortisone |
| This migraine treatment is contraindicated in ischaemic heart disease | Triptans (Sumatriptan) |
| This can turn urine pink/orange | Phenindione |
| This container of tablets should be discarded 8 weeks after opening | GTN tablets |
| This drug when sold OTC has a minimum age of 12 years for the 0.1% spray and 6 years for the 0.05% spray | Xylometazoline |
| Treatment for cellulitis if the patient has a penicillin allergy | Clindamycin |
| The wash out period for this SSRI is 2 weeks and the period for withdrawal is 5 weeks for short term use | Sertraline |
| Due to a severe interaction with alcohol this drug should be stopped for at least 2 weeks before drinking alcohol | MAOIs |
| This SSRI can take 4 weeks to show an effect | Citalopram |
| What is the wash out period for this SSRI is 5 weeks | Fluoxetine |
| This drug carries a risk of necrotising fasciitis so report any signs and symptoms | SGLT2 inhibitors |
| This cytotoxic is excreted in bile so a high bilirubin would indicate a reduced dose | Doxorubicin |
| This cream can be used for anogenital warts, superficial basal cell carcinoma and actinic keratosis. Applied 5 nights a week for carcinoma | Imiquimod |
| Deficiency of this is associated with ocular defects (particularly xerophthalmia) and an increased susceptibility to infections, but deficiency is rare in the UK (even in disorders of fat absorption). | Vitamin A (retinol) |
| This is the treatment for vaginal thrush in pregnancy, usually given for 7 days in pregnancy as they require longer treatment | Topical clotrimazole |
| This is a treatment for acute severe UC that contains lactose so is cautioned in those with lactose intolerance | Methylprednisolone |
| This drug can be given IV for acute severe UC in those that cannot tolerate steroids, although it is unlicensed for this indication | IV Ciclosporin |
| Treatment for for urinary retention with a raised PSA and risk factors for progression | Finasteride or Dutasteride |
| First line treatment for acute prostatitis | Ciprofloxacin and Ofloxacin |
| These are long acting nitrates used in stable angina in those that cannot tolerate or symptoms are not controlled with BBs or CCBs | Ivabradine, Nicorandil and Ranolazine |
| Along with Methadone this drug can be used for opioid substitution therapy | Buprenorphine |
| This treatment requires contraception for at least 2 years after in women and at least 3 months in men | Leflunomide |
| This drug is used for peripheral vascular disease and cerebral vascular disease, assess after 3-6 months for effect (e.g. improve pain free walking) | Naftidrofuryl oxalate |
| The ranges for this drug are 5-10mg/L at peak and less than 2mg/L trough, serum conc should be measured after 3 or 4 doses, then at least every 3 days and after a dose change | Gentamicin |
| Suitable Cephalosporins for CNS infection (Meningitis) | Cefotaxime and Ceftriaxone |
| Benefits of this drug includes: predictable bleeding, reduced risk of ovarian, endometrial and colorectal cancer, treatment of endometriosis and premenstrual syndrome, improvement of acne, menopausal sx and maintains bone density | Combined oral contraceptive |
| This drug when levels return to normal should be continued for 3 months | Iron supplements |
| Continue contraception for 4 weeks after finishing therapy | Isotretinoin |
| This antisickness can cause cleft palate | Ondansetron |
| This drug is given if hypoglycaemic patient is unconscious as 1mg stat | Glucagon |
| If Glucagon is given and no response in hypoglycaemic patient give this as 10% or 20%, not 50% as this causes extravasation | Glucose |
| This is given for a conscious hypoglycaemic patient who can swallow. Apart from this 15-20g fast acting carbs, 3-4 heaped teaspoons of sugar, 4-7 glucose tablets or 150-200ml of fruit juice can be used. | 2 tubes of glucose 40% gel |
| This anti oestrogen is used in infertility for oligomenorrhea (infrequent periods), can be used for 6 cycles only due to it's risk of ovarian cancer | Clomifene |
| Supply OTC to 40-75 year old with BPH for at least 3 months | Tamsulosin |
| Toxicity of this drug presents as SNAtCHeD: Slurred speech, Nystagmus, Ataxia, Confusion, Hyperglycaemia, Diplopia or blurred vision | Phenytoin |
| This can be given OTC 120mg up to 3 times a day, taken immediately before, during or up to 1 hour after meals, continue beyond 12 weeks only if weight loss greater than 5% | Orlistat |
| Antidiabetic that works by reducing glucose absorption in the gut, reducing hepatic gluconeogenesis and increasing cell uptake of glucose | Metformin |
| This drug works in a similar fashion to sulfonylureas causing an increase in pancreatic insulin secretion | Glinides |
| The side effects of this OTC drug are diarrhoea, anxiety, GI disorder and abdominal pain | Orlistat |
| This drug works via PPAR gamma to increase cell uptake of insulin | Pioglitazone |
| This antidiabetic works by increasing pancreatic release of insulin and decreasing liver gluconeogenesis | Gliptins |
| In order to continue this drug at the 6 month review weight must have reduced by 3% and Hba1c must have reduced by 11mmol/L (1%) | GLP1 |
| This drug works by increasing pancreatic insulin secretion, decreasing liver gluconeogenesis and delaying stomach emptying | GLP1 |
| This drug works by activating antithrombin, it is the parenteral anticoagulant of choice in renal failure, it has a short duration of action and is also used in high risk of bleed | Unfractionated heparin |
| This drug works by inhibiting factor Xa, it is the heparin of choice in pregnancy | LMWHs |
| The treatment dose for unstable angina/nstemi is 1mg/kg BD, treatment of DVT/PE is either 1mg/kgBD or 1.5mg/kg OD in high risk of reccurrence and prophylaxis of VTE dose is 40mg od | Enoxaparin |
| This drug class is contraindicated in severe peripheral arterial disease | Beta Blockers |
| This OTC is given for over 6 month olds, leave on for 24 hours, two treatments 7 days apart, treat whole body and treat close contacts | Malathion |
| This OTC drug is given over 2 years, leave on for 8-12 hours before washing, two treatments 7 days apart, whole body, treat close contacts | Permethrin |
| This OTC treatment is for 2 + year olds, 100mg as a single dose, repeat after 14 days, treat all family members, C/I in pregnancy or BF. Interacts with Cimetidine and hygiene measures continued for 6 weeks | Mebendazole |
| This OTC drug can be given to women 18-45 years, reduction of heavy menstrual bleeding. | Tranexamic acid |
| This parenteral anticoagulant is used in VTE in pregnancy, lower risk of osteoporosis and HIT | LMWH |
| These should be given for ACS along with DAPT, Statin and ACE if beta blockers are C/I | Diltiazem or Verapamil |
| Long term prophylaxis after ischaemic stroke | Clopidogrel |
| Long term prophylaxis after ischaemic stroke, if Clopidogrel is C/I | MR Dipyridamole + Aspirin |
| This drug for long term prophylaxis after an ischaemic stroke should be started 48 hours after symptom onset | Statin |
| Initial treatment of ischaemic stroke once confirmed | Alteplase |
| This drug is given 24 hours after alteplase for ischaemic stroke | Aspirin |
| This OTC can be given in over 18 year olds, two sprays into each nostril for up to 3 months, refer if no improvement after 14 days | Mometasone |
| Treatment for Torsade de pointes which is a prolonged QT interval | Magnesium sulphate |
| Given for CAP of low/moderate severity | Amoxicillin > Clarith or Doxy |
| Trimbow contains these actives | Beclometasone + Glycopyronium + Formoterol |
| Treatment for scabies | Permethrin or Malathion |
| Symptoms of overdose of this drug include SLOW + SICK: Bradycardia, GI disturbance, Blurred/yellow vision, confusion and rash | Digoxin |
| This drug is sampled at least 6 hours after dose and it's range is between 0.8-2mcg/L | Digoxin |
| This drug is renally cleared, toxicity occurs with reduced clearance which can occur with NSAID use, ARB or ACE | Digoxin |
| The dose of this drug is 200mg tds x7d, 200mg bd x7d and then 200mg od for maintenance. Stop if visual impairement occurs. Phototoxicity can occur and slate grey skin | Amiodarone |
| This drug can only be given OTC once an initial diagnosis has been made by a GP, for age 18-65, Hx of over 4 migraines in the last year is required for sale and simple analgesic treatment failure | Sumatriptan |
| This drug is not licensed for those under 5 months, max 10g, max 6 times a day. Other advice can include gentle rubbing of gums and biting a cold wet flannel | Bonjela teething gel (Lidocaine) |
| This treatment should be expected to take 9-12 months for toenails and 6 months to treat fingernails, review with pharmacist every 3 months. Given to over 18 years, max 2 nail treatment, not for pregnancy or BF, apply once weekly | Amorolfine |
| This antidiabetic should not be taken with dapagliflozin | Pioglitazone |
| This drug is the SGLT2 of choice in triple therapy | Canagliflozin |
| These antidiabetics should not be used with gliptins | GLP1 |
| This anticoagulant is given for 2 weeks in knee and 5 weeks in hip surgery, given 10mg od starting 6-10 hours after surgery | Rivaroxaban |
| This anticoagulant is given for 10 days in knee and 28-35 days in hip surgery, given for 0ver 75s as 75mg for the first day and then 150mg od and 110mg first day and then 220mg in under 75s | Dabigatran |
| This anticoagulant is given for 10-14 days in knee and 32-28 days in hip surgery, given as 2.5mg BD starting 12-24 hours after surgery | Apixaban |
| When giving these OTC refer if over 55 years in new onset, over 45 years with long term recurrent symptoms, those pregnant or BF or with prior GI problems | PPIs |
| When using this drug topically it can increase sensitivity to sunlight | Ketoprofen |
| This antidiabetic is weight neutral and can cause pancreatitis | Gliptins |
| Monitor 5 days after starting and 3 days after any dose change, 10-20mg/L range of effect taken 4-6 hours post dose | Theophylline |
| Antidiabetics that cause weight gain | Pioglitazone and Sulphonylureas |
| OTC drug, 16-60 years, refer if 2 or more episodes in 6 months | Clotrimazole |
| When switching from this drug to an MAOI this time period is 1 week. When withdrawing this drug it should be withdrawn over 4 weeks or longer. | Paroxetine |
| When switching from this drug to an MAOI the time period is 5 weeks | Fluoxetine |
| When switching from this drug to Paroxetine or Fluoxetine the time period is 2 weeks | irreversible MAOIs |
| When switching from this drug to Paroxetine or Fluoxetine the time period is 24 hours | Reversible MAOIs (Moclobemide) |
| This drug is cautioned in QT prolongation, C/I in severe uncontrolled hypertension (180 sys/ 110 dia) | Mirabegron |
| Toxicity with this drug class will precipitate with dilated pupils, increased BP and tachycardia | SSRIs |
| Treatment for otitis externa | Flucloxacillin or Clarithromycin |
| Treatment for otitis externa caused by pseudomonas | Ciprofloxacin or Gentamicin drops |
| Treatment for otitis media | Amox, clarith or eryth |
| Treatment for otitis media if symptoms worsen after 3 days treatment with amoxicillin | Co-amoxicillin |
| These antidepressants have a small increased risk of bleed postpartum if taken during the last month of pregnancy | SSRI and SNRI |
| This antidiabetic is licensed for treatment of symptomatic chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction | Dapagliflozin |
Created by:
RossGeraint