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Biology StudyGuide 9

QuestionAnswer
The immutability of species The idea that each individual species on the planet was specially created by God and could never fundamentaly change
Microevolution The theory that natural selection can, over time, take an organism nd transform it into a more specialized species of that ogranism
Macroevolution The hypothesis that processes similar to those at work in microevolution can, over time, transform an organism into a completely different kind of organism
Strata Distinct layers of rock
Fossils Preserved remains of once-living organisms
Paleontology The Study of fossils
Structural homology The study of similar structures in different species
2. Where did Darwin do most of the work which led to his hypothesis of evolution? On the HMS Beagle
3. Did Darwin even recant his scientific beliefs? No
4. What was the main idea that Thomas Malthus' work gave to Darwin? Believed there was a constant strugle for survival.
5. What was the main idea that Sir Charles Lylle's work gave to Darwin? "The present is they key to the past"
6. What age-old concept was Darwin able to dispel with his research? The immutability of species
7. Suppose a herd of horses were living in an area where food near the ground was scarce but there was plenty of foos in the trees. If, after severak generations, the horses gave rise to giraffes that could easily reach the food in the trees-see box would this be an example of microevolution or macroevolution?
Macroevolution
8. Consider a fisf population that is trying to survive under conditions of extremely cold water.If over several generations the fish develop thicker fat layers under their skin for better insulation is this micro or macro evolution? Microevolution
9. From a genetic point of view, what is the main difference between microevolution and macroevolution? Macroevolution has changes within the genetic code. Microeveolution has stuff being added to the genetic code.
10. In this module we studied four main sets of data: the geological column the fossil record structural homology and molecular biology. For each set of data indicate whether it is evidence for or against macroevolution or it is inconclusive. Explain why Geological column-Inconclusive- depends on how you believe. Fossile record-Against- There are no links to the fossile record. Strucural homology-Against-B.c scientist understand genetics better. Molecular biology-Against-B,c of the proteins.
11. Name two creatures that macroevolutionists claim are itermediate links and why they are not really intermedite links. Archaeopteryx-All the evidence proved that its just a bird.Australopithicus afarenis-Every bone is proven be ape.
12. What is the Cambrian Explosion? Why is it a problem for macroevolution? "An explosion of life in Cambrian times" B.c there is no way it all could have happened so quickly during that time and there are no indermediate links.
13. What are four ways a bacterium can become resistant to an antiniotic? Conduction, Transformation, Transduction and Mutation
14. If a bacterium has a mutation that makes it resistant to an antibiotic, does infromation get added to the genetic code? No
15.Consider the following amino acid sequences that make up a small portion of a protein: Which protein would you expect to be the most similar to a protein with the following subset of amino acids?Gly-Ile-Gly-Arg-His-Ser-Gly-Glu(NH2)-Ala-Glu(NH2)-Arg- Arg-Lys
a. Gly-Ile-Gly-Gly-Arg-His-Gly-Gly-Glu(NH2)-Glu-Glu(NH2)-Lys-Lys-Lys b. Gly-Leu-Phe-Gly-Arg-Lys-Ser-Gly-Glu(NH2)-Gly-Glu(NH2)-Ala-Arg-Lys c. Leu-Ile-Gly-Gly-Arg-His-Ser-Gly-Glu(NH2)-Ala-Glu(NH2)-Arg-Arg-Arg. C.
16. Based on macroevolutionary assumptions, which organism's cytochrome C should most resemble that of a yeast? a kangaroo or a bacterium? Bacterium
17. What main problem with Darwin's hypothesis did neo-Darwinism hope to solve? Hoped to provide a mechanism to add information to the genetic code.
18. What problem with Darwin's hypothesis did puctuated equilibrium attempt to solve? No intermediate links
19. How would an adherent to punctuated equilibrium explain the lack of intermediate links in the fossil record? There is not enough time for the intermediate link to be fossilized
20. What problems mentioned in this module still exsist for those who believe in punctuated equilibrium? Molecular biology, structural homology, macroeveolution still couldnt have happened.
Created by: swim4shoes
 

 



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