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Apologia Chem M11

The Gas Phase

QuestionAnswer
the law that leads to the Kelvin temperature scale is Charles' law.
pressure the force per unit area exerted on an object
P = F/A
1.000 atm = 101.3 kPa = 760.0 mm Hg = 760.0 torre
millimeters of mercury mm Hg
barometer measures the pressure of the atmosphere
atm abbreviation for atmosphere, varies a bit, depending on the weather conditions
Robert Boyle IRISH Scientist, mid-1600s, determined that the product of a gas's VOLUME & its PRESSURE is always the same, PV=constant
Boyle's law when the VOLUME of a gas is INCREASED, the PRESSURE will DECREASE
Jacque Charles FRENCH scientist, late 1700, found that when a gas's TEMP is raised under constant pressure, the VOLUME increases
Charles' law at constant pressure, the temperature & volume of a gas are proportional
extrapolation following an established trend in the data even though there is no data available for that region
A careful scientist will make ONLY SMALL extrapolations based on LARGE sets of data.
When using any equation in this module, you must always use the Kelvin temperature scale.
The combined gas law combines Boyle's law and Charles' s law.
(P1 * V1) / T1 = (P2 * V2) / T2
PV/T = constant Combined gas law
Standard temperature and pressure (STP) temp= 273 K, pressure=1.00 atm
An IDEAL GAS is a gas with a temperature close to or greater than 273 K and a pressure less than or equal to 1.00 atm
Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures When 2 or more ideal gases are mixed together, the total pressure of the mixture is EQUAL to the SUM of the pressures of each individual gas
The pressure of an ideal gas does NOT depend on the IDENTITY of the gas. It depends on the QUANTITY of that gas.
vapor pressure the pressure exerted by the vapor that sits on top of any liquid
The vapor pressure of any liquid INCREASES with increasing temperature.
boiling point temperature at which the vapor pressure of a liquid is equal to normal atmospheric pressure
mole fraction always used in the context of a mixture
the ideal gas law PV=nRT
ideal gas constant R=0.0821[(L)(atm)]/[(mole)(K))
Created by: MrsHough
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