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Earth Science Ch. 9

Surface Water

Termdefinition
alluvial fan Fan-shaped deposits found on valley floors at the base of mountains.
Velocity speed
Discharge formula width x depth x velocity
Solution Material is carried in this after it becomes dissolved in a stream's water.
Rejuvenation A stream resumes the process of downcutting. eg. Grand Canyon
Phosphate detergents A major source of supporting nutrients that concentrate in lakes.
Precipitation Moisture that falls to the earth in the form of rain, sleet, hail, and snow.
Tributaries Rivers that flow into other streams.
Divide High land that separates one watershed from another.
Watershed An area of land whose water drains into a stream system.
Evaporation The change of state from a liquid to a gas.
Base Level Where the stream reaches sea level.
Meander A bend or a curve in a stream channel.
Condensation Cooling gas changes into a liquid.
Deposition Deposits of sediment; soil, sand, mud, rocks.
Oxbow lake A blocked off meander becomes a lake.
Wetland An area periodically saturated with water.
Eutrophication Excess algae growth in lakes caused by fertilizers, animal waste, and phosphate detergent.
Deltas A triangular deposit where a stream enters a large body of water.
Water Cycle Sunlight, evaporation, condensation, precipitation, infiltration
Discharge The total volume of stream water that flows over a location within a given time.
Headwater The source of a stream.
Flood When water spills over the sides of a stream's banks.
Glaciers Slowly moving masses of ice that formed lakes thousands of years ago.
Stream Bank The ground that borders a stream and holds the water within the confines of the channel.
Runoff Water that flows downslope along Earth's surface.
Suspension All particles small enough to be held up by the turbulence of a stream's moving water.
Mouth Where a stream enters a large body of water.
Rills and gullies Some runoff flows in thin sheets and then collects n miniature channels.
V-shaped channel Formed by stream downcutting; eg. Grand Canyon
Bed load Sand, pebbles, and small rocks that roll along the bed of the stream.
Created by: janet.wilkinson
 

 



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