Save
Busy. Please wait.
Log in with Clever
or
show password
Forgot Password?
Don't have an account?  Sign up 
Sign up using Clever
or
Username is available taken
show password


Make sure to remember your password. If you forget it there is no way for StudyStack to send you a reset link. You would need to create a new account. Your email address is only used to allow you to reset your password. See our Privacy Policy and Terms of Service.

Already a StudyStack user? Log In

Reset Password
Enter the associated with your account, and we'll email you a link to reset your password.
focusNode
Didn't know it?
click below
 
Knew it?
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
0:00
edit
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.

  Normal Size     Small Size show me how

Apologia Chem M10

The Chemistry of Solutions

QuestionAnswer
solute substance being dissolved
solvent substance IN which the solute is being dissolved
solution created when a solute and a solvent are mixed together
NaCl is a ionic compound, and ionic compounds do NOT have chemical bonds. The atoms DONATE or RECEIVE electrons, they do not share electrons.
The ELECTRONIC ATTRACTION between opposite charges is the ONLY THING that holds IONIC COMPOUNDS together.
Water is a POLAR covalent compound, meaning it has a FRACTIONAL positive charge on its hydrogen atoms & a FRACTIONAL negative charge on its oxygen atoms.
NON-POLAR covalent solids do NOT dissolve well in water because they have NO electrical charges in them.
POLAR covalent solids CAN dissolve in water because they DO possess fractional charges.
Polar covalent molecules dissolve in water, but they do NOT split into smaller parts.
Ionic compounds dissolve by breaking apart into their individual ions.
Polar covalent compounds dissolve by separating each individual molecule from its neighbors.
In the SOLID phase, the solvent molecules must be attracted to the solute molecules so STRONGLY that the solvent molecules can get BETWEEN the solute molecules (or ions) and pull them FAR APART from each other.
In the LIQUID phase, the solvent molecules need to be attracted to the solute molecules only a SMALL amount because the solvent does NOT need to separate the solute molecules VERY MUCH.
In the GAS phase, the solvent molecules must be attracted to the solute molecules enough to pull the solute molecules CLOSER to one another.
solubility the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve in a given amount of solvent
The solubility of any solute depends on both the identity of the solute & the identity of ___________________________. the solvent
saturated solution a solution in which the maximum amount of solute has been dissolved
precipitation the process by which a solute leaves a solution and turns back into its solid phase
The solubility of SOLID solutes usually INCREASES with INCREASING temperature.
The solubility of LIQUID solutes is NOT affected by temperature.
The solubility of GAS DECREASES with INCREASING temperature.
Increasing pressure INCREASES the solubility of GASES.
Pressure does NOT affect the solubility of liquids or solids.
exothermic a process that LETS OUT heat
endothermic a process that ABSORBS heat
Most solids dissolve in an ____________________ manner; they must absorb energy to dissolve properly. endothermic
molality the number of moles of solute per kilogram of solvent
FORMULA for molality m = (# moles solute)/(#kg solvent)
When calculating MOLALITY, we are concerned with MASS, not volume.
When calculating MOLALITY, we divide only by the mass of the SOLVENT - NOT by the mass of the solution.
freezing point depression when a solute is dissolved in a solvent, the freezing point of the solution will be LOWER than that of the pure solvent
boiling point elevation when a solute is dissolved in a solvent, the boiling point of the solution will be HIGHER than that of the pure solvent
Kf freezing point depression constant
Kb boiling point elevation constant
i number of molecules or ions that a solute splits into when it dissolves
A NEGATIVE sign in a temperature change equation means that the temperature DROPPED.
melting point another name for freezing point
Created by: MrsHough
Popular Chemistry sets

 

 



Voices

Use these flashcards to help memorize information. Look at the large card and try to recall what is on the other side. Then click the card to flip it. If you knew the answer, click the green Know box. Otherwise, click the red Don't know box.

When you've placed seven or more cards in the Don't know box, click "retry" to try those cards again.

If you've accidentally put the card in the wrong box, just click on the card to take it out of the box.

You can also use your keyboard to move the cards as follows:

If you are logged in to your account, this website will remember which cards you know and don't know so that they are in the same box the next time you log in.

When you need a break, try one of the other activities listed below the flashcards like Matching, Snowman, or Hungry Bug. Although it may feel like you're playing a game, your brain is still making more connections with the information to help you out.

To see how well you know the information, try the Quiz or Test activity.

Pass complete!
"Know" box contains:
Time elapsed:
Retries:
restart all cards