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Phar150 Exam #1
Ch 1-4 Exam #1 Pharmacology
| Question | Answer | |
|---|---|---|
| A bureau of the Department of Justice that enforces the Controlled Substances Act | Drug Enforcement Administration | DEA |
| Federally approved requirements for the specified strength, quality, and purity of drugs | Drug Standards | |
| An agency within the department of Health and Human Services that enforces the provisions of Federal Food, Drugs, and Cosmetics Act and amendments of 1951 and 1962 | Food & Drug Administration | FDA |
| Provides the FDA with a list of all drugs manufactured for commercial distribution | Nation Drug Code Directory | NDC |
| first set of numbers in the drugs code (5 numbers but sometimes the first 0 is dropped) | Manufacturer | |
| second set of numbers in the drug code | Product Code | |
| third set of numbers in the drug code | Package code | bottle quantity |
| Drugs or biological products used for the diagnosis, treatment, or prevention of a rare disease or condition, that is one affecting less than 200,00 or greater then 200,00 persons where the cost of developing the drug is probably not recoverable in the US | Orphan Drug | |
| Medication available without a prescription | Over the counter medication | OTC |
| United States Pharmacopeia | USP | |
| National Formulary | NF | |
| First government attempt to establish consumer protection in the manufacture of food and drugs. Required all drugs marketed in the United States to meet minimal standards of strength, purity, and quality | Pure Food & Drug Act 1906 | |
| C-I, C-II, C-III, C-IV, C-V | Five Schedules of Controlled Substances | |
| -High Abuse Potential -Not approved for medical use in the US Examples: Heroin, LSD, Mescaline, Ecstacy | C-I | |
| -High Abuse Potential -May lead to severe dependence -Cannot call in prescription -Written script only -No refills w/o new written prescription Examples: Morphine, Codeine, Methadone, Percocet | C-II | |
| -May lead to moderate dependence -Maybe refilled up to 5x in 6 months -written, faxed, or verbal (phone In) script by physician only Examples: Codeine, anabolic steroids (MUSCLE BUILDING) | C-III | |
| -Lower abuse potential -script can be written by a health care professional and signed by a physician -refilled 5x in 6 months examples: Valium, Ativan,Xanx, Ambien | C-IV | |
| -low abuse potential consists primarily of preparations of cough suppressants containing codeine and preparations for diarrhea (Diphenoxylate) -refilled 5x in 6 months examples: Promethazine with codeine, Cheratussin, lomotil | C-V | |
| A description of the cellular changes that occur as a result of a drug | Action | |
| unintended side effects from medications such as cough, headache, nausea, and so on | Adverse Drug. Reactions | ADRs |
| A list of possible unpleasant or dangerous secondary effects other than the desired effect | Adverse Reactions | |
| precautions; steps to take to prevent errors | Cautions | |
| Board subcategory for drugs that affect the body in similar ways | Classifications | |
| conditions or circumstances that indicate that a drug should not be given | Contraindication | |
| -General, common, or nonproprietary names of drugs -Differentiated from the trade namely initial lowercase letter -Never capitalized | Generic Names | |
| List of conditions for which a drug is meant to be used | Indications | |
| Actions that occur when 2 or more drugs are combined or when drugs are combined with certain foods. See drug interactions | Interactions | |
| Available only by prescription determined unsafe for OTC purchase because of possible harmful side effects if taken indiscriminately; including birth control pills, antibiotics, cardiac drugs, and hormones | Legend Drug | |
| Name of the drug as it appears in the official reference, the USP/NF; generally the same as the generic name | Official Name | |
| The study of drugs and their origin, nature, properties, and effects on living organisms | Pharmacology | |
| A model or type from which subsequent types arise an example of a drug that typifies the characteristics of that classification | Prototype | |
| Unpleasant or dangerous secondary effects of medications | Side Effects | |
| A method of writing drug names to help differentiate between look alike and sound alike drug. Example CeleXA and CeleBREX | Tall Man Lettering | |
| -Names by which a pharmaceutical company identifies its products; brand name -copyrighted and only used by that company -Distinguished from the generic name by capitalized first letter | Trade Names | |
| relieve pain | Analgesic | |
| reduce fever | antipyretic | |
| reduce inflammation | anti-inflammatory | |
| anti-platelet | anti-thrombotic agent | |
| Lowers low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol example: simvastatin, atorvastatin, rosuvastatin | Lipid Lowering Agents | |
| Improves symptoms of depression. Also used for anxiety and other neurological disorders Examples: Escitalopram, sertraline, paroxetine, venlafaxine | Antidepressants | |
| Relieve Severe Pain Example: hydrocodone with acetaminophen, oxycodone, oxymorphone, fentanyl | Narcotic Analgesics | |
| Lowers heart rate and blood pressure examples: metoprolol, atenolol, propranolol | Beta Blockers | |
| Lowers blood pressure examples: lisinopril, enalapril, valsartan | Antihypertensives | |
| increases urinary output examples: furosemide | Diuretics | |
| reduces blood glucose (sugar) levels examples: insulin, metformin, glipizide, Januvia | Antidiabetics | |
| eliminates infection Example: amoxicillin, cephalexin, doxycycline | Antibiotics | |
| Decreases acidity in stomach examples: omeprazole, pantoprazole, esomeprazole | Proton Pump Inhibitors | |
| decreases clotting in blood examples: warfarin, xarelto | Anticoagulants | |
| -the exact molecular formula of the drug -usually a very long, very difficult name to pronounce -of little concern to the health care professional | Chemical Name | |
| -Name of the drug as it appears in the official reference, USP/NF -Generally the same as the generic name | Official Name | |
| the physician may indicate "no substitutions" on the prescription usually indicated by a _________. Even though the drug contents are the same the "fillers" or ingredients used to hold the preparations together maybe slightly different. | Dispense As Written (DAW) Order | |
| physicians desk reference | PDR | |
| American Health-System Formulary Service | AHFS | |
| Drugs controlled by additional prescription requirements because of the dangers of addiction and abuse | Controlled Substance |
Created by:
Rosiesosa