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Phys-Dis / neuro
Terms/Diagnoses
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Ptosis | upper eyelid droops over the eye |
| Myasthenia gravis | Autoimmune motor unit disorder, characterized by: • ptosis and double vision • possible difficulty with chewing, swallowing, and speech • weakness and fatigue that increases throughout the day |
| muscular system changes older adult interventions | improve health - correct medical problems, nutrition increase levels of physcial activity strength training flexibility and ROM |
| skeletal system changes older adult interventions | postural exercises, weightbearing nutrition, hormonal and medical therapies |
| neurological system changes older adult interventions | correct medical problems improve health increase physical activity levels provide strategies to improve motor learning (allow for increased reaction and movement times, limitations of memory, increased cautionary behaviors, familiar skills |
| presbyopia | farsightedness visual loss |
| atherosclerosis | buildup of fats, cholesterol and other substances in and on your artery walls (plaque), which can restrict blood flow |
| myopia | nearsightedness |
| AMD age related macular degeneration | blank spot in central vision - scotoma magnifiers not indicated for certain ones because it enlarges the nonseeing portion of the macula |
| diabetic retinopathy | diabetes causing damage to the retina affects central and peripheral vision, hazy blurred vision in areas non-proliferative and proliferative (worse, blood vessel growth, leaked blood vessels) |
| glaucoma | elevated pressure in the eye causes optic nerve atrophy less of peripheral vision - tunnel vision |
| cataracts | protein changes lens hardening gradual loss of vision |
| age related visual changes interventions | access for visual deficits maximize visual function - magnify classes (level must be done by a doctor), environmental modification compensatory strategies - large font, eye patch for diplopia use other sensory cues education, safety, fall risk |
| age related auditory changes interventions | assess for hearing assess for use of hearing aids minimize auditory distractions nonverbal communication written and demonstrated directions orient person to topics assistive devices |
| meunière disease | episode attacks tinnitus (ringing in the ears) dizziness, pressure in the ears, vertigo |
| somatosensory age related changes interventions | assess sensory systems carefully, allow extra time, use touch to communicate, compensatory strategies to prevent injury to anesthetic limbs biofeedback devices (limb load monitor) |
| cognitive changes older adult interventions | improve health increase physical activity increase mental activity multiple sensory cues to compensate for decreased sensory processing and to maximize learning stimulating environment reduce stress |
| cardiopulmonary age related changes interventions | complete a cardiopulmonary assessment individualized exercise program considering fitness level, limitations, cardiovascular disease, goals, etc multiple modes of exercise aerobic training improve overall daily activity levels |
| cerebral palsy | brain injury before during or right after birth non-progressive general symptoms: neurological, muscular deficits other: seizures, intellectual, behavior disorders |
| parkinsons | Hypokinetic CNS disorder pill rolling tremor on one hand, rigidity, festinating gait, orthostatic hypotension common Hoehn and Yahr's 5 stage scale of disease progression (1 is no functional impairment and 5 is max assist confined to wheelchair or bed |
| tethered cord syndrome | type of spina bifida where tail end of the cord is stretched trapped in tissue bowel bladder, low back pain, scoliosis, gait disturbances exacerbated by growth spurts |
| spinal muscular atrophy SMA | 4 types + type 0 muscles throughout the body are weakened because cells in the spinal cord and brainstem do not work properly type 0 = present at birth, die within first year |
| SMA type 1 (Werdnig-Hoffmann disease) | most severe form of SMA. Children with type 1 have limited movement, can’t sit without support, and have trouble breathing, feeding and swallowing. Symptoms begin within months after birth. Many children with type 1 do not live past age 2 |
| SMA type 2 | intermediate form of SMA. Children with this type may sit without support at some point but cannot walk on their own. Symptoms typically start between 6 and 18 months of age. Depending on the severity,hildren with type 2 may have a normal life span |
| cerebellar/spinocerebellar disorders | |
| spastic CP | lesion in the motor cortex, spasticity with flexor and extensor imbalance - hypertonia and hyperreflexia - hyper reflex responses |
| dyskinetic CP | lesion in the basal ganglia fluctuations in muscle tone dystonia - excessive or inadequate muscle tone |
| Ataxic CP | lesion in the cerebellum hypotonia and ataxic movements 5 levels of functional motor performance (1 is most function, 5 is least) gross and manual (fine) motor |
| spina bifida occulta | no external manifestation, separation of vertebral arches all types of spina bifida can require shunts for hydrocephalus, intellectual disability can happen with intracranial pressure |
| spina bifida cystica | meningocele (protrusion of sac through the spine) myelomeningocele (protrusion of a sac with spinal fluid spinal cord or nerve roots second kind causes sensory and motor deficits below level of lesion - paralysis/deformities, bowel bladder |
| Muscular dystrophy Duchennes | most common pseudohypertrophy - enlargement of calf muscles weakness of proximal joints- all voluntary muscles gower's sign - uses hands to crawl up thighs to get to standing trendelenburg (ambulating pattern) |
| Muscular dystrophy Beckers | slower to progress than duchennes loss of motor function of hips, thighs, pelvic area and shoulders enlarged calves cardiac system (normal life span if this is not involved) |
| Muscular dystrophy other types (besides duchennes and beckers) | Symptoms: low muscle tone, weakness, oral motor, breathing difficulties requiring tracheostomies arthrogryposis limb girdle fascioscapulohumaral spinal muscular atrophy congenital myasthenia gravis charcot marie tooth myopathies |
| Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) | affects movement, control of gait and balance, speech, swallowing, vision (loss of voluntary but preservation of reflexive eye movements, mood/behavior, dementia. progressive, causes weakness (palsy) damage to nuclei (supranucluar) |
| huntingtons | autosomal dominant disorder choreiform movements intellectual deterioration psychiatric disturbance progressive until end of life |
| spinocerebellar degenerations | progressive ataxia due to degeneration of the cerebellum, brain stem, spinal cord, peripheral nerves and basal ganglia multiple types |
| ALS (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis) | muscle weakness and atrophy signs usually begin in the hands death usually 2-5 years after diagnosis |
| Brachial plexus disorder | Erbs palsy - paralysis of upper brachial plexus, arm cannot be raised, elbow flexion weakend Klumpke's palsy - lower brachial plexus paralysis - hand and fingers do not move |
| gullian barre syndrome | acute rapid progressive polyneuropathy, symmetric muscular weakness and sensory loss/paresthesias often caused by acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (AIDP) |
| myasthenia gravis | autoimmune attack on the neuromuscular junction muscle weakness, muscles innervated by cranial nerves proximal limb weakness usually progressive disabling process |
| multiple sclerosis MS | body attacks myelin paresthesias in extremities, trunk or face weakness, clumsiness heat intolerance! cognitive features (memory loss, inattention) 1relapsing remitting 2secondary progressive 3primary progressive 4progressive relapsing |
| neurological intervention | positioning postural control motor learning approaches motor control retraining/relearning assistive devices cognitive-perceptual retraining/compensation skin care bowel bladder training sensory re-education, compensation safety training |
| epilepsy | chronic state of recurrent seizures often associated with O2 deprivation head injury CP stroke brain tumors hydrocephalus metabolic disorders infections |
| seizures generalized vs partial intervention | generalized: widespread involvement of both sides of the brain partial: smaller localized part of the brain -remove dangerous objects -bed rails down -dont interfere with movement but protect from harm -nothing in the mouth -turn on side if vomiting |
| chronic inflammatory demyelinating poly-neuropathy CIDP | inflammation of nerve roots/peripheral nerves and destruction of the myelin sheath of the nerve fibers chronic form of acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (AIDP) - most common form of Guillain Barré syndrome (GBS) |
| SMA type 3 (Kugelberg-Welander disease) | milder form of SMA, resembles muscular dystrophy Usually able to walk, but most have some difficulty walking - may eventually need to use a wheelchair. Symptoms usually appear around 18 months/early childhood. Generally have a normal life expectancy. |
| SMA type 4 | rare, usually very mild symptoms |
| Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease | group of disorders inherited disorder (defect gene = defect protein in nerve fibers) very slowly progressive sensory symptoms that start in the feet and move up. They also have atrophy and weakness in their legs and, later in life, in their hands. |
| Friedrich’s ataxia | rare genetic disease causes difficulty walking, a loss of sensation in the arms and legs, and impaired speech. affects brain and spinal cord and can also affect your heart It’s also known as spinocerebellar degeneration |
| Amelia | congenital missing of a limb |
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eaf1002