Question 1

Malware

Accepted Answer

Software written to cause undesired results. A virus and adware are examples of malware.

Question 2

Adware

Accepted Answer

Software that displays ads, usually associated with free programs.

Question 3

Virus

Accepted Answer

Software that often causes systems to execute malicious code that can comprise system integrity.
-Replication
-Activation mechanism
-objective

Question 4

Spyware

Accepted Answer

Software that is installed in a computer typically without the user's knowledge and transmits information about the user's computer activities back to the source.

Question 5

Antimalware (anti-malware)

Accepted Answer

A software program designed to prevent, detect, and remove malicious software (malware) on IT systems, as well as individual computing devices.

Question 6

Worm

Accepted Answer

A worm is a self-replicating program. A worm has the following characteristics: 
•	A worm does not require a host file to propagate.
•	It automatically replicates itself without an activation mechanism. It does not rely on a user to activate it.
•	Typically, a worm infects one system and then spreads itself to other systems on the network.

Question 7

Trojan Horse

Accepted Answer

malware that is disguised as legitimate software.
•	The malicious software is usually hidden within useful software, typically a game. The legitimate part of a Trojan is called a wrapper. The malware is encapsulated within the wrapper. It infects the system when the wrapper software is run.
•	cannot replicate itself. Instead, it relies on end users to spread it manually.
A Trojan may contain malware that turns the infected computer into a zombie (also called a bot).

Question 8

Rootkit

Accepted Answer

A rootkit is a stealthy type of malware. A rootkit is installed in the boot sector of the hard disk drive, which causes the rootkit to be loaded by the BIOS before the operating system. After the rootkit is loaded, it loads the legitimate operating system installed on the hard drive. As a result, a rootkit can be very difficult to detect and remove from an infected system.

Question 9

Spyware

Accepted Answer

intercept or take partial control of the user's interaction with the computer. Spyware has the following characteristics: 
•	It is usually installed when the user visits a malicious website, installs an infected application, or opens an infected email attachment.
•	Spyware typically collects personal information about the user,  It usually sends the information it captures back to an attacker,
•	Some spyware uses tracking cookies to collect information about a user's internet activities.

Question 10

Adware

Accepted Answer

Adware monitors actions to identify personal preferences. Then it sends pop-ups or other types of advertisements that align with those preferences. Adware has the following characteristics: 
•	It is usually passive in nature.
•	It invades the user's privacy without their permission.
•	Spyware may be installed when a user visits a malicious website, installs an infected application, or opens an infected email attachment.

Question 11

Grayware

Accepted Answer

Grayware is software that might offer a legitimate service but that also includes features that you aren't aware of or features that could be used for malicious purposes.

Question 12

Ransomware

Accepted Answer

is a form of malware that denies access to an infected computer system until the user pays a ransom. A common form of ransomware encrypts the hard disk on the user's system, preventing access to data. The attacker demands a ransom in return for providing the decryption key. Unfortunately, the attacker frequently does not unencrypt the hard disk even after the user complies with ransom demands.

Question 13

Scareware

Accepted Answer

Scareware is a scam that fools users into thinking they have some form of malware on their system. The intent of the scam is to sell the user fake antivirus software to remove malware they don't actually have.

Question 14

Crimeware

Accepted Answer

Crimeware is designed to facilitate identity theft by gaining access to a user's online financial accounts, such as banks or online retailers. Crimeware can: 
•	Use keystroke loggers, which capture keystrokes, mouse operations, or screenshots and transmits those actions back to the attacker to obtain passwords.
•	Redirects users to fake sites designed to steal private user data.
•	Steal cached passwords.
Crimeware typically conducts transactions in the background after login.

Question 15

Spam

Accepted Answer

Spam is unwanted and unsolicited email sent in bulk to multiple recipients. Spam: 
•	May be benign emails trying to sell products.
•	May be malicious emails containing phishing scams or malware-infected attachments.

TestOut COC C13

TestOut COS Terms Def / Q&A Chapter 13 Windows defender

Term & Qustions	Def & Answers
What is malicious code?
How can malware be detected?
Which updates are required to ensure the best possible malware detection?
What is the suggested procedure for remediating a system with a malware infection?
What is a hoax virus?
What are the three types of scans that can be scheduled in Windows Security?
Malware	Software written to cause undesired results. A virus and adware are examples of malware.
Adware	Software that displays ads, usually associated with free programs.
Virus	Software that often causes systems to execute malicious code that can comprise system integrity. -Replication -Activation mechanism -objective
Spyware	Software that is installed in a computer typically without the user's knowledge and transmits information about the user's computer activities back to the source.
Antimalware (anti-malware)	A software program designed to prevent, detect, and remove malicious software (malware) on IT systems, as well as individual computing devices.
Worm	A worm is a self-replicating program. A worm has the following characteristics: • A worm does not require a host file to propagate. • It automatically replicates itself without an activation mechanism. It does not rely on a user to activate it. • Typically, a worm infects one system and then spreads itself to other systems on the network.
Trojan Horse	malware that is disguised as legitimate software. • The malicious software is usually hidden within useful software, typically a game. The legitimate part of a Trojan is called a wrapper. The malware is encapsulated within the wrapper. It infects the system when the wrapper software is run. • cannot replicate itself. Instead, it relies on end users to spread it manually. A Trojan may contain malware that turns the infected computer into a zombie (also called a bot).
Rootkit	A rootkit is a stealthy type of malware. A rootkit is installed in the boot sector of the hard disk drive, which causes the rootkit to be loaded by the BIOS before the operating system. After the rootkit is loaded, it loads the legitimate operating system installed on the hard drive. As a result, a rootkit can be very difficult to detect and remove from an infected system.
Spyware	intercept or take partial control of the user's interaction with the computer. Spyware has the following characteristics: • It is usually installed when the user visits a malicious website, installs an infected application, or opens an infected email attachment. • Spyware typically collects personal information about the user, It usually sends the information it captures back to an attacker, • Some spyware uses tracking cookies to collect information about a user's internet activities.
Adware	Adware monitors actions to identify personal preferences. Then it sends pop-ups or other types of advertisements that align with those preferences. Adware has the following characteristics: • It is usually passive in nature. • It invades the user's privacy without their permission. • Spyware may be installed when a user visits a malicious website, installs an infected application, or opens an infected email attachment.
Grayware	Grayware is software that might offer a legitimate service but that also includes features that you aren't aware of or features that could be used for malicious purposes.
Ransomware	is a form of malware that denies access to an infected computer system until the user pays a ransom. A common form of ransomware encrypts the hard disk on the user's system, preventing access to data. The attacker demands a ransom in return for providing the decryption key. Unfortunately, the attacker frequently does not unencrypt the hard disk even after the user complies with ransom demands.
Scareware	Scareware is a scam that fools users into thinking they have some form of malware on their system. The intent of the scam is to sell the user fake antivirus software to remove malware they don't actually have.
Crimeware	Crimeware is designed to facilitate identity theft by gaining access to a user's online financial accounts, such as banks or online retailers. Crimeware can: • Use keystroke loggers, which capture keystrokes, mouse operations, or screenshots and transmits those actions back to the attacker to obtain passwords. • Redirects users to fake sites designed to steal private user data. • Steal cached passwords. Crimeware typically conducts transactions in the background after login.
Spam	Spam is unwanted and unsolicited email sent in bulk to multiple recipients. Spam: • May be benign emails trying to sell products. • May be malicious emails containing phishing scams or malware-infected attachments.

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