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Apologia Chem M 9

Acid-Base Chemistry

QuestionAnswer
One way to define an acid or a base is by its characteristics.
In general, acids: taste sour, are covalent compounds that conduct electricity when added to water, turn blue litmus paper red.
In general, bases: taste bitter, are slippery to the touch when dissolved in water, turn red litmus paper blue.
a substance that turns one color in the presence of acids & another color in the presence of bases is called an indicator
You should NEVER taste any chemical in an experiment unless you are expressly instructed to do so.
A molecule that donates protons of (H+) ions acid
A molecule that accepts protons of (H+) ions bases
amphiprotic compound (aka amphoteric) compounds that can act as either an acid or a base, depending on the situation
When ionic compounds dissolve, they split into their constituent parts.
An ionic compound is made up of at least 1 metal atom and at least 1 non-metal atom.
A covalent compound is made up of solely nonmetal atoms.
When determining which compound is which in an acid-base reaction, we first examine the chemical equation and look for any ionic compounds. If they exist, we split them into their ions.
After we split an ionic compound into its ions, we then see what molecule lost an H+ ion and what molecule gained an H+ ion.
An ionic compound is ionic and therefore cannot be an acid.
Most of the acids we have discussed have an H atom as the very first atom in their chemical formula.
We would expect HF to be an acid.
We would expect RbOH to be a base.
HCl hydrochloric acid
HBr hydrobromic acid
HF hydrofluoric acid
HNO3 nitric acid
H2SO4 sulfuric acid
H3PO4 phosphoric acid
H2CO3 carbonic acid
C2H4O2 acetic acid
polyprotic acid an acid that can donate more than one H+ ion
triprotic acid can donate 3 protons (H+ ions)
diprotic acid can donate 2 protons (H+ ions)
Most chemists use the general term __________________ to refer to ionic compounds. salt
neutralization reaction when an acid and a base neutralize each other, producing water and a salt
Created by: MrsHough
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