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Applied Stats ch 1
review of vocab for chapter 1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| variable | characteristic or attribute that can assume different values |
| population | all subjects that are being studied |
| sample | a group of subjects selected form a population |
| Descriptive Statistics | the collection, organization, summarization and presentation of data, used to describe a situation |
| Inferential Statistics | generalizing from samples and popuations, performing tests, determining relationships among variables and making predictions. |
| quantitative variable | variables that cna be measured or counted |
| qualitative variable | variables that have a distinct category, or have a attribute or characteristic |
| Discrete variable | values that can be counted, no decimals or fractions |
| Continuous variable | an infinte number of values between any two specific values, can be measured, often include fractions and decimals |
| random sample | all members of the population have an equal chance of being selected |
| systematic sample | sample is obtained by selecting every kth member of the population |
| stratified sample | a population is divided into subgroups and then subjects are randomly selected form each subgroup |
| cluster sample | a population is divided into groups and then all subjects from one group are members of the sample. |
| sampling error | the difference between the results obtained from a sample and the results obtained from the populaiotn from which the sample was slected. |
| nonsampling error | when the data are obtained erroneously or the sample is biased or nonrepresentative |
| observational study | a researcher merely observes what is happening or what happened in the past and tries to draw conculusion based on observations |
| experimental study | a researcher manipulates one of the variables and tries to determine how the manipulations will influence the other variables |
| independent variable | the variable being manipulated by the researcher, also called the explanatory variable |
| dependent variable | resultant or outcome variable |
| confounding variable | one that influences the dependent variable but was not separated from the indepenedent variable. something that effects the outcome but was not the variable you were testing. |
Created by:
mblondhe
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