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Medieval Europe
The rise of Medieval Europe
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The word medium means ________, the word aevum means ________ | middle, age |
| The combination of the word medium and aevum were cobined to generate the word | Medieval |
| The Medieval Age is also called the ____________ ages | Middle |
| The _________, who settled in what is now known as France and western Germany, emerged as the strongest germanic group | The Franks |
| The brutal warrior, ________ came to power in 481 A.D. and fifteen years later became the first Germanic ruler to accept Catholicism | Clovis |
| When the Frankish kingdom began to decline the custom was to split the kingdom among the ______ who generally fought each other for the land | heirs |
| Eventually as the Frankish heirs fought over the lands, the political power passed from the kings to Gov't officials known as | Mayors of the palace |
| One Mayor of the Place was _________ _______ also known as Charles the Hammer defeated the Muslims at the Battle of Tours | Charles Martel |
| Charles Martel's (the Hammer) defeat of the Muslims ensured that _____________ would remain the dominant religion of Europe | Christianity |
| Pepin the Short the son of Charles Martel annointed by the Pope was expected to protect the church against its enemies, he forced the _________ to leave the Rome | Lombards |
| Pepin forcing the Lombards to leave Rome, allowed the Pope to cut ties with the Byzantine Church and look to the Franks for protection, the result was _________ and _______ ________ were bound together | Catholicism, Western Europe |
| In 768 A.D. Pepins son ______________ became king, his kingdom expanded to include Germany, France, Northern Spain and most of Italy | Charlemagne |
| Charlemagne's kingdom was the first since the fall of Rome when most western Europeans were again _________ under one government | united |
| The church believed that Charlemagne could unite Europe into the | Christian Roman Empire |
| Because he came to the aid of the Pope against Roman Nobles and in gratitude the Pope crowned Charlemagne the new Roman Emperor who was the | protector of the church and western Europe |
| After Charlemagnes death his son Louis the Pius became King, he was unable to rule effectively and after he died his three sons fought for control, they settled their disputes by agreeing to the | Treaty of Verdun |
| Cahrlemagnes dynasty was called the ____________ which was based on his name in Latin | Carolingian |
| - internal quarreling weakened and outside invasions nearly destroyed Carolingian Kingdoms, the Muslims seized parts of Italy, the Slavs invaded central Europe, the Magyars invaded the West but their most serious threat was from the _________ | Vikings |
| The Vikings were ferocious fighters, they used - Sneak attacks and speedy retreats, stole or burnt down villages, their homelands later became the kingdoms of | Norway, Denmark and Sweden |
| The people of Europe suffered at the hands of the Vikings, by the 900’s A.D. new political and Social system brought stability to western Europe, the system was called _________ | Feudalism |
| Feudalism was a Highly decentralized form of Government which stressed alliances of _________ ______________ | mutual protection |
| Charles Martel began granting warriors ______ or estates with peasants | Fiefs |
| Later Fiefs were granted to counts and local officials who in time held the powers of the government like raising armies and justice over time these arrangments grew into ___________ | Feudalism |
| Those granted land could pass on lands to heirs, and in return provided warriors or Knights for royal army and like a pyramid, king was at top, middle were the _______ and at the bottom were the knights | Lords |
| Each lord was a _________ a noble who served a lord of the next higher rank | VASSAL |
| ties between a lord and vassal were made official in a solemn ceremony known as _______ which was known as a ________ contract | HOMAGE, Feudal |
| The lack of a strong central government frequently led to warfare with the result being that the Noble built a _______ | castle |
| A castle is a | fortified Manor house for defense against enemies |
| a nobleman with total authority within his fief was called a _____ who was married to a noblewoman called a _____ | Lord, Lady |
| mock battles between knights, showing military skills were called | Tournaments |
| To become a knight, a boy first became a ________, then a _______, then a knight | page, squire |
| the behavior of Knights governed by a code known as _________ | chivalry |
| Chivalry became the basis for good _______ in western society | manners |
| by the Middle Ages economic life centered around system called _____________ | Manorialism |
| This system ____________ was an agricultural system provided Lords and peasants with food, shelter and protection | Manorialism |
| _____________ describes political relationships between nobles | Feudalism |
| _____________ describes economic ties between nobles and peasants | Manorialism |
| people who were bound to the manor and could not leave without permission but they were not slaves could not be sold | Serfs |
| The system dveloped new and heavier _____ which dug deeper pushed dirt to side, less time in fields and a better method of planting | plow |
| Developed ______ ______ system around 1000 A.D. | three field |
| During Middle Ages the ________ _______ was the dominant spiritual influence in western Europe | Catholic Church |
| During the Middle Ages the ______ became the strongest political leader in western Europe | Pope |
| In the Middle Ages, priests Bishops pope lived in the world and were known as ________ clergy | Secular |
| In the Middle Ages, this group lived by rule, they were monks and nuns who lived apart from society and they were known as the __________ clergy | Regular |
| Benedict founded a _________ at Monte Cassino, a model for all monks | monastery |
| The monks played crucial role in medieval intellectual and social life and also became _____________ to non-Christians | missionaries |
| Pope _________, impressed by Benedictine rule adopted to spread Christianity in Europe | Gregory I |
| By the mid 1000’s most __________ _________ had become Catholic | western Europeans |
| The church helped govern Western Europe,many church officials were Nobles, could not fight because of religious duties, 0ther nobles gave land and money to ensure their salvation, began to influence __________ __________ | church policies |
| - 1059 church council declared that political leaders could no longer choose the _____-–NOW CHOSEN BY THE CARDINALS | Pope |
| the denial of basic church teachings is called________which was regarded as seriously as treason today | heresy |
| expulsion from the church is called | excommunication |
| a court set up to root out heresy was called an | Inquisition |
| By 1000’s Christians saw these people as outsiders and a threat, they were blamed for plagues, famines and other social problems and this was used as an excuse to attack and kill them | Jews |
| By the 1100’s a.d. – many European _______ began to build strong states | monarchs |
| King Alfred of Wessex (Alfred the Great) united the Anglo Saxon kingdoms and defeated the Danes and created a united kingdom called _____________- or its modern name _______________ | Angleland, England |
| This law was established by Henry II Great grandson of William the conquerer, The law was applied equally throughout the land and was known as | Common Law |
| Under this law two forms of juries were established, they were the _______ jury where names of suspects were submitted for potential trial and the ________ jury established to establish the guilt or innocence of the accused | grand, petit |
| Henry had married married Eleanor of Aquitaine and had two sons ___________________________________________ | sons Richard I (the Lionhearted) and John |
| during John’s reign, he lost English Land to France, he became unpopular increasing taxes and punished his enemies without trial, the Nobles upset over their loss of feudal rights and forced John to sign the ______ _______ | Magna Carta |
| The _________ _______ placed clear limits on royal power | Magna Carta |
| a new social class emerged called the ___________ _______ which became important in government | Middle class |
| - Henry recognized importance of this group and added them to Great Council of advisors now known as | Parliament |
| By 1400 Parliament divided into two chambers, the Nobles and clergy in the House of _____ and the knights and burgesses in the House of _________ | Lords, Commons |
| France developed a different form of government, the Frankish lands disintegrated into separate ___________ governed by feudal lords | territories |
| Hugh Capet seized French throne and established the Capetian dynasty which lasted over 3 hundred years, the dynasty established principle of the _________ _____ inheriting the throne | eldest son |
| England and France growing, the rulers in German weak and powerless, disputes between -_____ and powerful German Nobles | Pope |
| between 1000 and 1100’s German Kings biggest threat to Pope’s authority, Pope eventually crowned Otto the _____ _______ ________ | Holy Roman Emperor |
| Otto and successors claimed right to intervene in the _________ of the Pope | election |
| This meeting allowed emperor to name Bishops and grant them land, pope able to reject unworthy candidates in order to ease the struggle between the Pope and the monarchs | Concordat of Worms |
| In Germanic society an injury by one person againsty another could mean a bloodfeud, to avoid this a new system of a fine called a ________, it was the amount wrongdoer paid to the family of the person injured or killed | wergild |
| To determine guilt in Germanic society several methods were used, one was the _______ based on divine intervention which involved a physical ordeal such as holding a hot iron, the belief was that the divine would not allow an innocent person to be harmed | ordeal |
Created by:
pattone