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Physics - Light

Physics Definitions

TermDefinition
Reflection The bouncing of light off an object
Laws of Reflection 1 - The incident ray, the normal & the reflected ray all lie on the same plane. 2 - The angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection.
Virtual image A virtual image is an image formed by the apparent intersection of rays This image cannot be projected onto a screen.
Reflection - A ray which strikes the pole of a concave mirror Is reflected at an equal angle
Reflection - A ray which passes through the centre of curvature of a concave mirror Is reflected back along its own path
Reflection - A ray which comes in parallel to the axis of a concave mirror Is reflected back through the focus (f)
Reflection - A ray which passes through the focus of a concave mirror Is reflected parallel to the axis.
Real image A real image is formed by the actual intersection of light rays. This image can be located on a screen.
Reflection - Formula for a real/virtual image Real - 1/u + 1/v = 1/f Virtual - 1/u - 1/v = 1/f
Reflection - A ray which strikes the pole of a convex mirror Is reflected at an equal angle
Reflection - A ray which is heading for the centre of curvature of a convex mirror Is reflected back along its own path
Reflection - A ray which enters parallel to the axis of a convex mirror Is reflected as if it came from the focus.
Reflection - A ray which is heading for the focus of a convex mirror Is reflected out parallel to the axis.
Rules for a convex mirror The image is always virtual and always diminished.
Uses for a concave mirror For a dentist or for a torch
Uses for a convex mirror Door mirror of a car, in shops to deter shoplifters & to show a view of oncoming traffic
What is Refraction? The bending of light when it goes from one medium to another
Rules for refraction When light goes from rarer to denser, it is refracted towards the normal. When it goes from the denser to rare, it is refracted away from the normal.
Laws of Refraction 1) The incident ray, normal and the refracted ray all lie on the same plane. 2) Snell's law is sin i / sin r = n (the refractive index)
What is the refractive index of a medium The ratio of the sine of angle i to the sine of the angle r when light travels from a vacuum into that medium
Formula for depth n = Real depth/ apparent depth
What is the critical angle? When light travels from a denser to a rarer medium, the angle of incidence whose corresponding angle of refraction is 90 is called the Critical Angle.
What is total internal reflection? When light going from a denser to a rare medium has an angle of incidence that is greater than the critical angle, it does not enter the second medium. It is all reflected back in the denser medium.
How do you find the refractive index using C n = 1/sin C
What is an optical fibre? A very thin transparent rod (usually made of glass) which light can travel via total internal reflection.
Uses for optical fibres There is much less energy loss, they are much smaller than electric wires and there is less interference.
A ray which strikes the optic centre of a convex lens Goes straight through the lens
A ray which strikes the convex lens while travelling parallel Passes through the focus on the other side of the lens.
A ray which passes through the focus and then strikes the convex lens Emerges parallel to the axis
Rules for a convex lens If the object is outside the focus, the image is real and inverted. If the object is inside the focus, the image is virtual and upright.
Formula for a convex lens 1/u + 1/v = 1/f
A ray which is heading for the focus beyond a concave lens Emerges parallel to the axis.
A ray which strikes the concave lens parallel Is refracted as if it came from the focus.
Rules for a concave lens The image is always virtual and upright when outside of f. The image is always diminished when inside of f.
Formula for power of a lens P = 1/f
What is short sightedness Short sightedness is when you cannot bring distant objects into focus, also known as myopia.
Created by: JoeBrennan2020
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