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UniverseScienceTest
Your welcome
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What percent of all stars are considered main sequence stars? | 90% |
| The main "fuel" for our sun (and all main sequence stars) is... | Hydrogen |
| What happens to a star at the end of its life depends mostly on its... | Mass |
| At the end of our sun's life, the sun will collapse upon itself, creating a black hole. True or false? | False |
| What is the name of the process where smaller atoms are combined to form larger atoms? | Nuclear Fussion |
| When our sun begins to run out of "fuel" within its core, initially the core of the sun will... | Shrink |
| For any star to be stable, the inward pull of gravity and the outward force from the release of energy due to nuclear fusion must be... | Balanced |
| If a star is moving away from the Earth the waves will appear ___________ __________, which demonstrates ____________ ____________. | farther apart; red shift |
| What name is given to an exploding star? | Supernova |
| What is the name of the force that wants to "crush" a star inwards? | Gravity |
| What force opposes the crushing force that could make a star shrink? | Nuclear Fusion |
| Explain the process of how a main sequence star can produce new elements like Helium. | Nuclear fusion. Atoms like hydrogen collide at such speeds making new chemicals. This happens at the core of the star. |
| Stars begin their lives in an enormous cloud of gas and dust called a... | Nebula |
| The force of________first causes these clouds to begin to condense. | Gravity |
| At this point, the clouds are made mostly of the element | Hydrogen |
| As the gas and dust condenses, the temperature increases but not enough to cause the star to ignite which is why it is called a... | Protostar |
| When the force is large enough and it produces enough heat the Hydrogen in its core begins to fuse together and become Helium, this process is called... | Nuclear fusion |
| The star begins to shine and because its main fuel is Hydrogen it is called a... | Main Sequence Star |
| When a low to medium mass star dies, we see three main stages. First, it cools and grows greatly in size and becomes a... | Red Giant |
| Next, the star contracts because of gravity, loses energy, and forms a _____, which is about the size of Earth. | White Dwarf |
| Finally, it continues to lose energy, cools, and stops emitting light and is now called a... | Black Dwarf |
| The largest mass stars have enough energy to cause a massive explosion called a _______, which produces many larger elements required by living things. | Supernova |
| After this explosion, the high mass stars will become a... | Neutron Star |
| The extremely high mass stars will become a _________ , which produces so much gravity in a dense area that even light can't escape it. | Black Hole |
| The highest energy electromagnetic waves. | Gamma Rays |
| This forms when a main sequence star expands greatly and begins to cool | Red Giant |
| The final stage of the most massive stars life cycle. | Black Hole |
| The electromagnetic waves with higher energy than radio waves, but lower energy than infrared waves | Microwaves |
| A device that separates light into its component wave lengths | Spectroscope |
| Electromagnetic waves that have enough energy to cause sunburns | Ultraviolet Rays |
| The attractive force between all things that have mass | Gravity |
| The process that releases huge amounts of energy when atoms fuse together | Nuclear fusion |
| The theory that states the potential energy of the state will always be less than that of the initial state and is surge evidence of the Big Bang | The Second Law of Thermodynamics |
| The theory proven by the red shift that the universe is moving further apart, so at one point it was one single point of mass. | Universe expansion |
| Also known as “Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation“, it’s the left over heat energy that couldn’t exist if the Big Bang never happened. | Radiation Afterglow |
| Minor temperature flanks that make galaxy’s | Great Galaxy Seeds |
| The theory that space, time, and matter all depend on each other, so therefore by removing the comiskogical constant with proof from the red shift, blank scientist figured out that they all had to come into existence in one point together. | Einstein’s Theory of General Relativity |
| In what form do both low-mass and high-mass stars begin and end their life cycles? | Nebulae |
| What do we call the period in a star’s life when it is fusing hydrogen into helium? | Main Sequence |
| Which of the four fundamental forces pulled together hot, dense areas of matter in the early Universe to jumpstart the process of star formation? | Gravity |
| When protons fuse during the formation of stars, which of the following is released in massive quantities? | Energy |
| Why is the formation of stars an important threshold in Big History? | Stars created the “hot spots” necessary for further complexity. |
| What has been an important tool in discovering what existed before the formation of stars and how stars themselves formed? | Cosmic background radiation (or cosmic microwave background radiation) |
| Why is the increasing temperature of matter an important step in the lighting up of stars? | It allows for reactions that release incredible amounts of energy. (Nuclear Fusion) |
| Stars themselves contain structure, but they also allow for larger forms of structure. What do we call the structure(s) formed by the gathering together of stars by gravity? | Galaxies |
| The early Universe was quite uniform. What then were the Goldilocks Conditions for the formation of stars? | Tiny variations in the density of matter |
| What best describes the state of the Universe before the formation of stars? | Simple and uniform |
| What do astronomers call the period of time before the emergence of stars in our Universe? | The Dark Ages |
| How is the Universe organized, from smallest unit to largest? | Stars, solar systems, galaxies, clusters, superclusters |
| What is one of the key ingredients needed to create new chemical elements? | Aging and Dying Stars |
| A diagram or graph that shows the relationship between luminosity and temperature in a star. | HR Diagram |
| The only way the sun can send heat to Earth. Heat travels as an electromagnetic wave. | Thermal Radiation |
| any star that is fusing hydrogen in its core and has a stable balance of outward pressure from core nuclear fusion and gravitational forces pulling inward. | Main Sequence Star |
| measures how bright a star would be in relation to the sun if all stars were the same distance from the observer | Luminosity |
| A small, hot, dim star that is the leftover center of an old star | White Dwarf Star |
| The high-dense remains of a high mass star after a supernova. Creates an object whose gravity is so strong that nothing, not even light, can escape. | Black Hole |
| The combining of two or more atoms in a stars core into a new heavier atom. | Nuclear Fusion |
| Controlled by the rate of fusion in a stars core. The stars color is connected to this too. | Star Temperature |
| Go over the Slideshows: Life Cycle of Stars and Properties of Stars | OK |
Created by:
Mk24Study