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Reproduction
7th grade reproduction
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| asexual reproduction | Process of forming a new individual from a single parent. |
| cross-pollination | Process during which sperm from the pollen of one flower fertilizes the egg of another flower. |
| fertilization | Union of a sperm and egg. |
| gamete | Sex cell, such as sperm or egg. |
| gonad | Organ that produces eggs or sperm. |
| meiosis | Process of cell division during which the chromosome number is halved in order to produce gametes for sexual reproduction. |
| ovaries | Female gonads that produce egg. |
| sexual reproduction | Process of forming a new individual from two parents. |
| self-pollination | Process during which sperm from the pollen of one flower fertilizes the egg of the same flower. |
| testes | Male gonads that produce sperm. |
| zygote | Cell that forms when a sperm and egg unite; the first cell of a new organism. |
| Mitosis | a type of cell division that results in two daughter cells |
| Chromosome | Thread-like structures inside the nucleus of cells that contains genetic information. Humans have 46, or 23 pairs. |
| Gene | Bits of information that carry directions for the traits of an organism |
| DNA | Dioxyribo Nucleic Acid. The specific molecule that contains genetic information of all living cells. Shaped in a double helix (twisted ladder). |
| Dominant trait | A trait that is expressed in all cases where an allele for that trait is present. A trait that masks the expression of a recessive trait |
| Recessive trait | A trait that is only expressed when two recessive alleles are present. A trait that is masked by a dominant trait when both alleles are present. |
| Genetic Variation | Differences in an organism’s genetic makeup that make it unique from other organisms of the same species. |
| Genotype | The genetic makeup of an organism. Represented by LETTERS that stand for allele combinations. Your DNA code |
| Phenotype | The expression of your genotype– how you look. |
| Allele | the different forms of a gene- a gene segment on a single chromosome. |
| Prophase | The DNA bundles together to form chromosomes and the nuclear membrane dissolves |
| Metaphase | Chromosomes line up across the center of the cell |
| Anaphase | Spindle Fibers grab the Chromosomes and begin to pull them apart to opposite poles of the cell |
| Telophase | Chromosomes are on opposite ends of the cell which begins to break free from the sister during Cytokinesis. |
| Cytokinesis | The reforming of the cell membrane. |
| Haploid | A cell with only half of the genetic material needed to make an organism |
| Diploid | A cell with all of the DNA needed to make an organism (Pairs of chromosomes) |