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IPC final exam vocab
Vocabulary
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Define Hypothesis | A possible explanation for a problem using what you know and observe |
| Experiment | tests the effect of one thing on another using controlled conditions |
| variable | quantity that can have more than one value |
| dependent variable | value changes according to the changes in the other variables |
| independent variable | variable you can change to see what effect it will have on the dependent variable |
| control | standard by which the test results can be compared |
| constant | factor that doesnt change when other variables change |
| scientific law | a statement about what happens in nature and that seems to be true all the time |
| scientific theory | explains the scientific law |
| solid | particles packed closely together |
| liquid | particles move more freely than a solid and have enough kinetic energy to slip out of ordered arrangement |
| gas | particles are far apart & the attractive forces between the particles are overcome |
| plasma | matter consisting of positively and negetively charged particles |
| diffusion | spreading of particles throughout a given volume until they are uniformably distributed. |
| boiling point | temperature at which the pressure of the vapor in the liquid is equal to the external pressure acting on the surface of the liquid |
| melting point | temperature at which a solid begins to liquefy |
| freezing point | when the temperature of a liquid reaches 0 degrees C. |
| absolute zero | (0 K) the coldest possible temperature |
| heat of fusion | the amount of energy required to change a substance from a solid phase to a liquid phase at its melting point |
| heat of vaporization | the amount of energy required for the liquid at its boiling point to become a gas |
| Bernoulli's principle | as the velocity of a fluid increases, the pressure exerted by the fluid decreases |
| Archimedes' principle | an object is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object |
| Boyles' law | if you decrease the volume of a container of gas and hold the temperature constant, the pressure of the gas will increase |
| Charles' law | the volume of a gas increases with increasing temperature, as long as the pressure does not change |
| viscosity | a fluids resistance to flow |
| colloid | a type of mixture that never settles |
| compound | a substance in which the atoms of two or more elements are combined in a fixed proportion |
| solution | mixture that has the same composition, color, taste, and density throughout and is mixed at the atomic or molecular level |
| substance | either an element or a compound |
| homogeneous mixture | contains 2 or more gaseous, liquid or solid substances blended evenly throughout |
| heterogeneous mixture | a mixture in which different materials can be distinguished easily |
| element | if all atoms in a substance are alike, that substance is the element |
| suspension | a heterogeneou mixture containing a liquid in which visible particles settle |
| tyndall effect | the scattering of light by colloidal mixtures |
| dilute | percentage by volume of the solute |
| supersaturated | solution that contains more solute than a saturated one at the same temperature |
| saturated | a solution that contains all the solute it can hold at a given temperature |
| unsaturated | solution that can dissolve more solute at a given temperature |
| alloy | solid solution made by melting the metal solute and solvent together |
| amorphous solid | a solid which lacks definate form |
| isotope | atoms of the same elements that have different numbers of neutrons |
| covalent bond | attraction that forms between atoms when they share electrons |
| ionic bond | force of attraction between the opposite charges of ions on an ionic compound |
| sublimation | the process of a solid changing directly to a gas without forming a liquid |
| synthesis | two or more substances combine to form another substance |
| decomposition | when one substance breaks down or decomposes |
| double- displacement | the positive ion of one compound replaces the positive ion of another to form 2 new compounds |
| single-displacement | when one element replaces another element in a compound |
| catalyst | a substance that speeds up a chemical reaction without being permanently changed itself |
| inhibitor | used to combine with one of the reactants |
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