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Microbiology Exam 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Protozoa | Eukaryotes which are always unicellular |
| Fungi | Eukaryotes which can be either unicellular or multicellular; multicellular forms include mushrooms |
| Algae | Photosynthetic eukaryotes which can be either unicellular or multicellular; multicellular forms include seaweed |
| Helminths | Eukaryotes whose adult forms are always multicellular |
| Of the microscopic fungi, ___.are filamentous fungi made of long thread-like cells called hyphae while a___cell is round or oval-shaped. | molds: yeast |
| ____ are the plants most often associated with the transmission ofSporothrix schenkii. | roses |
| Please choose a genus that represents dermatophytes | Trichophyton |
| Please select all of the correct descriptions of candidiasis. | Candida albicans can be normal flora for women. Candida albicans is a yeast. Anyone, of any age, can have candidiasis. |
| The organisms grow on or within the body, causing tissue damage | Fungal infection |
| The immune system of the host overreacts to the fungal organism | Fungal allergies |
| A chemical produced by the fungus causes host tissue damage | Fungal intoxication |
| Please select all of the following that are true regarding fungi. | Fungi can be found in two cell forms; hyphae and yeasts, Most fungi obtain nutrients from decaying matter but some fungi can be parasites of living hosts, Fungi are heterotrophic |
| Amphotericin B, nystatin, and the imidazoles are all | antifungal drugs. |
| All of the following are dimorphic, true fungal pathogens except | Candida. |
| The terms used for the four levels of fungal infection include the following, except | bloodborne. |
| The highest incidence of histoplasmosis in the United States occurs in the | East and Midwest. |
| Which is incorrect about histoplasmosis? | never spreads to sites outside the respiratory tract |
| All of the following pertain to coccidioidomycosis, except | the pathogen grows best in soil with bird and bat guano |
| Blastomyces dermatitidis | causes Gilchrist disease and Chicago disease |
| Which is incorrect about Sporothrix schenckii? | causes superficial cutaneous infection |
| Dermatophytoses are | often time-consuming to eradicate completely. also called tineas. also called ringworm. fungal infections of the skin, hair, and nails. |
| Microsporum, Trichophyton, and Epidermophyton | reservoirs are humans, animals, and soils. |
| Which is mismatched? | Tinea capitis - ringworm of the beard |
| All of the following pertain to Candida albicans, except | has a large capsule. |
| Candidiasis includes | skin and nail infections. oral cavity and esophageal infections .vulvovaginal infection. intertriginous infection of skin sites. |
| Cryptococcus neoformans has the following characteristics, except | commonly found in the human mouth, intestines, and genitalia |
| Cryptococcosis can include | a. pulmonary infection. b. septicemia. c. meningitis. d. bone infection. |
| Oral thrush is caused by | Candida albicans. |
| This opportunist is the most frequent cause of life-threatening pneumonia in AIDS patients: | Pneumocystis (carinii) jiroveci |
| Aspergillosis includes all the following, except | there are no effective drugs to treat the infection |
| This organism commonly contaminates grains, corn, and peanuts and produces a potent mycotoxin called aflatoxin: | Aspergillus flavis |
| Ergotism is caused by | ingesting alkaloids from Claviceps purpurea on rye plants. |
| The primary portal of entry for fungal infections is | the respiratory tract. |
| Which of the following are likely to predispose patients to fungal infections? | cancer AIDS tuberculosis malnutrition |
| Sabouraud's dextrose agar is a lab medium for supporting growth of fungi. (T/F) | t |
| Most mycoses are not communicable. (T/F) | t |
| Thermal dimorphism is associated with opportunistic fungi and never seen in true fungal pathogens. (T/F) | f |
| Blastomycosis begins as a respiratory infection that can spread to the skin. (T/F) | t |
| Sporotrichosis is associated with soil high in pigeon droppings that is introduced into subcutaneous tissue. (T/F) | f |
| All fungi are heterotrophic and can break their substrates down by secreting enzymes. (T/F) | t |
| Fungi cannot be found growing in nutritionally poor and adverse conditions. (T/F) | f |
| Diseases caused by fungi are termed _____. | mycoses |
| Fungi that exhibit thermal dimorphism grow as _____ at 30° C and as _____ at 37° C. | molds yeast |
| Dermatophytes digest the protein _____, found in the skin, hair, and nails. | keratin |
| The typical transmission of dimorphic fungi is inhalation of _____. | spores |
| Most protozoa have a motile, feeding stage known as a ____ which, in some protozoa, alternates with a resting state known as a ____. | trophozoite cyst |
| Entamoeba histolytica exists within the small intestine as the feeding stage, the trophozoite. However, the infective stage of the amoeba is a(n) ____, which is dormant and highly resistant to dehydration as well as other adverse factors. | cyst |
| Please choose the correct statement that explains the importance of cysts to the spread of Giardia intestinalis. | a. They are dormant structures. b. They are resistant to dehydration and other adverse environmental conditions. c. They exist in very low nutrient environments. d. They are resistant to stomach acidity. |
| Please select all of the statements that describe the life cycle and infections of Toxoplasma gondii. (Check All That Apply) | Other incidental hosts, not needed for this pathogen's life cycle, are birds, sheep, pigs, cows. transmission method is ingestion, either by contaminated food or picking up the oocysts on the hands. Infected pregnant women die from a fatal infection. |
| Entamoeba histolytica is acquired by | a. ingestion of cysts of the pathogen. b. contaminated food. c. contaminated water. d. sexual contact. |
| Amebiasis is a disease of the | intestines and often the liver. |
| Which of the following is acquired when amoebas are forced into human nasal passages during swimming? | Naegleria fowleri |
| Which of the following is a sexually transmitted disease? | trichomoniasis |
| Which of the following causes serious congenital disease from transplacental transmission? | Toxoplasmosis |
| Amebiasis symptoms include | bloody, mucus-filled stools, fever, diarrhea, and weight loss. |
| Most cases of toxoplasmosis in patients that are not immunocompromised have the following symptoms: | sore throat, low grade fever, and swollen lymph nodes |
| Trichomonas vaginalis | a. does not produce cysts. b. in males causes urethritis. c. in females causes vaginitis with a foul-smelling discharge. d. has four flagella and an undulating membrane. |
| Giardiasis involves | symptoms of abdominal pain, flatulence, and diarrhea. |
| The parasitic disease, caused by an apicomplexan that involves infected cats in its life cycle is | toxoplasmosis. |
| Toxoplasmosis includes all the following, except | intrauterine infectious are generally mild with very little damage to fetal tissues. |
| Pregnant women should never change cat litter due to the risk of contracting | toxoplasmosis. |
| Boiling will not kill Giardia lamblia cysts in contaminated water. (T/F) | f |
| Many protozoan species can form a _____ that can survive for periods outside a host. | cyst |
| The active, feeding form of a protozoan is called the _____. | trophozoite |
| The two major groups of parasitic helminths include the ____ with a thin, segmented body and the ____ with a cylindrical, unsegmented body. | flatworm roundworm |
| When studying the four basic helminth life cycles, it is apparent that the egg larval stage of the worm has to be picked up by an intermediate host or develop in soil before it can infect humans. (T/F) | f |
| Ingested eggs coming from contaminated soil | Ascaris lumbricoides |
| Walking barefoot in contaminated soil | Necator americanus |
| Eating contaminated pork | trichinella spiralis |
| Transfer of eggs from anal area to mouth by fingers | Enterobius vermicularis |
| The incidence of the disease ____ is very high in Alaska, due to the ingestion of contaminated bear and seal meat. | trichinosis |
| Please select the correct feature that is specific for Taenia solium, but not Taenia saginata. | Can encyst within the brain |
| Transmission of tineas include | a. human to human b. animal to human c. soil to human d. fomites to human |
| Which of the following causes serious congenital disease from transplacental transmission? | Toxoplasmosis |
| Parasitic helminthes have the following characteristics, except | have developmental forms that include cysts |
| Ascaris lumbricoides | a. is an intestinal roundworm. b. spreads to humans by ingestion of Ascaris eggs in food. c. larvae penetrate into lymphatics and capillaries around intestines. d. larvae migrate to the pharynx, get swallowed, and return to intestines to mature. |
| Hookworms | a. include Necator americanus. b. include Ancylostoma duodenale. c. have filariform larvae in soil that get transmitted into bare feet. d. have oral cutting plates by which they anchor to the intestines. |
| Trichinosis includes all the following, except | a. encysted larvae get ingested. b. associated with undercooked pork or bear meat. c. migrate from intestines to blood and various body tissues. d. the first symptoms are diarrhea, nausea, fever, and pain |
| All of the following pertain to tapeworms, except | one proglottid segment will have either female or male reproductive organs. |
| Which of the following is not an effective way to minimize human contact with parasitic helminths? | These are all effective ways. |
| The larval forms of certain Taenia species, which typically infest muscles of mammalian intermediate hosts is also called a | cysticerci. |
| In temperate zones, pinworms are the most common helminth infection. (T/F) | t |
| Eggs and larva are developmental forms of various parasites called _____. | helminthes |
| Animal viruses are classified based upon the nature of their nucleic acids, the shape of their ____, and whether or not they possess a viral ____. | capsid envelope |
| Select all of the correct answers in this question to test your understanding of the general characteristics of viruses. (Check All That Apply) | Viruses are composed of DNA or RNA molecules surrounded by a protein coat. The nucleic acids of certain animal viruses are composed of DNA whereas others are composed of RNA. Lytic viral infection often results in destruction of the host cell. |
| What recycle nutrients? | saprobes |
| Parent yeast cell forms ____ by budding. | blastospores |
| ____ is left on the parent yest cell where spore released. | scar |
| Antifungal drugs target what two cell structures? | membrane wall |
| contamination of skin surface | cutaneous |
| inoculated skin; trauma | subcutaneous |
| respiratory portal; inhaled spores | systemic |
| (Derm)ic spore blasts can harm all candy crying people's afternoons | dermatophytosis |
| Dermic (spor)e blasts can harm all candy crying people's afternoons | sporotrichosis |
| Dermic spore (blast)s can harm all candy crying people's afternoons | blastomycosis |
| Dermic spore blasts (c)an harm all candy crying people's afternoons | coccidioidomycosis |
| Dermic spore blasts can (h)arm all candy crying people's afternoons | histoplasmosis |
| aspergillosis | Dermic spore blasts can harm (a)ll candy crying people's afternoons |
| Dermic spore blasts can harm all (cand)y crying people's afternoons | candidiasis |
| Dermic spore blasts can harm all candy (cry)ing people's afternoons | cryptococcosis |
| Dermic spore blasts can harm all candy crying (p)eople's afternoons | pneumocytosis |
| Dermic spore blasts can harm all candy crying people's (af)ternoons | aflatoxicosis |
| dermatophytosis | Cutaneous mycoses (1) |
| sporotrichosis | Subcutaneous mycoses (1) |
| Systemic mycoses due to primary pathogens (3) | blastomycosis coccidioidomycosis histoplasmosis |
| Systemic mycoses due to opportunistic pathogens (4) | aspergillosis candidiasis cryptococcosis pneumocytosis |
| ringworm, athlete's foot, jock itch, etc. | dermatophytosis |
| Dimorphic mycosis (4) | blastomycosis coccidioidomycosis histoplasmosis candidiasis |
| air inhalation of lolipop-shaped microconidia | blastomycosis |
| convert to thick-walled yeasts that multiply in lungs | blastomycosis |
| desert areas of southwest US | coccidioidomycosis |
| block-like arthrospores become airborne and are inhaled | coccidioidomycosis |
| What are the treatments for the systemic mycosis due to primary pathogens? | amphotericin B azoles |
| Ohio Valley Fever | histoplasmosis |
| red rash under diapers and skin folds; occurs in chronically moist areas of skin | cutaneous candidiasis |
| patches of yellow-white cheesy curd-like growth in vaginal wall; milder in men | vulvovaginitis |
| white curd-like growth on the mucous membrane of the mouth; usually in newborns and elderly; "thrush" | oral candidiasis |
| involves hardening, browning, and distortion of nails | onychia |
| mostly anus and esophagus; ulcers, pain, bleeding, nausea, vomiting | gastrointestinal candidiasis |
| encapsulated yeast; associated with birds | cryptococcosis |
| HIV infected individuals account for almost 85% of cases in US | cryptococcosis |
| classified as fungus, but characteristics of protozoa; yeast-like but forms like cyst | pneumocytosis |
| affects major cereal crops, sometimes in milk and other dairy products | aflatoxicosis |
| 2nd leading cause of death from parasitic disease in world; causes bloody stool | amoebiasis |
| warm fresh water with high bacterial counts; affects olfactory nerve at rapid course | primary amoebic meningocephalitis |
| ingest cysts; greasy/frothy foul smelling diarrhea; no blood in stool | giardiasis |
| no cyst stage; STD | trichomoniasis |
| 2nd most common cause of food borne related deaths; ingestion of undercooked meat; contaminated cat feces | toxoplasmosis |
Created by:
alexs13