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Chapter 2
The Middle American Realm
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Primate city | A country’s largest city—ranking atop its urban hierarchy—most expressive of the national culture and usually the capital city. |
| Indigenous | Aboriginal or native; an example would be the pre-Columbian inhabitants of the Americas. |
| NAFTA | The free-trade area launched in 1994 involving the United States, Canada, and Mexico. |
| Borderland | General term for a linear zone that parallels a political boundary. |
| Maquiladoras | The term given to modern industrial plants in Mexico’s U.S. border zone. |
| Land bridge | A narrow isthmian link between two large landmasses. |
| Archipelago | A set of islands grouped closely together, usually elongated into a chain. |
| Hurricane Alley | The most frequent pathway followed by tropical storms and hurricanes. |
| Altitudinal zonation | Vertical regions defined by physical-environmental zones at various elevations |
| Tropical deforestation | The clearing and destruction of tropical rainforests in order to make way for expanding settlement frontiers. |
| Culture hearth | Heartland, source area, or innovation center; place of origin of a major culture. |
| Mestizo | Derived from the Latin word for mixed, refers to a person of mixed European (white) and Amerindian ancestry. |
| Hacienda | Literally, a large estate in a Spanish-speaking country. |
| Plantation | A large estate owned by an individual, family, or corporation and organized to produce a cash crop. |
| Connectivity | The degree of direct linkage between a particular location and within a regional, national, or global transportation network. |
| Small-island developing economies | The additional disadvantages faced by lower-income island-states because of their small territorial size and populations. |
| Economies of scale | The savings that accrue wherein the unit cost of manufacturing decreases as the level of operation enlarges. |
| Economic integration | The economic benefits of forging supranational partnerships among three or more countries. |
| Acculturation | Cultural modification resulting from intercultural borrowing. |
| Transculturation | The two‐way exchange of culture traits between societies in close contact. |
| Ejidos | Mexican farmlands redistributed to peasant communities after the Revolution of 1910–1917. |
| Biodiversity hot spot | A much higher than usual, world-class geographic concentration of natural plant and/or animal species. |
| Offshore banking | Term referring to financial havens for foreign companies and individuals. |
| Remittances | Money earned by emigrants that is sent back to family and friends in their home country. |
| Intermodal transport systems | One that smoothly integrates different surface transportation modes. |
| Social stratification | In a layered or stratified society, the population is divided into a hierarchy of social classes. |
| Mulatto | A person of mixed African (black) and European (white) ancestry. |
| Lang bridge | |
| A narrow isthmian link between two large landmasses. | |
| Archipelago | A set of islands grouped closely together, usually elongated into a chain. |
| Hurricane Alley | The most frequent pathway followed by tropical storms and hurricanes over the past 150 years in their generally westward movement across the Caribbean Basin. |
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