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skeletal system
chapter 7
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| -clast | break |
| dia- | through, between |
| oss, osse/o | bone, bone tissue |
| oste/o | bone, bone tissue |
| cost/o | rib |
| para- | near |
| pariet/o | wall |
| infra- | below, inferior |
| meta- | near, beyond |
| supra- | above, superior |
| -malacia | softening |
| -penia | lack of |
| ab- | away from |
| ad- | toward, added to |
| amphi- | around, double, on both sides |
| arthr/o | joint, articulation |
| circum- | around |
| "large, multinucleated cells" "breaks" down bone in the process of resorption | osteoclast |
| known as the "shaft" of a long bone, is "between" the two ends, or epiphyses | diaphysis |
| another name for "bone tissue" | osseous |
| the fibrous "membrane" around a bone | periosteum |
| spaces located between the ribs | intercostals |
| these sinuses are near the nose | paranasal |
| are the side "walls" of the skull | parietal bone |
| (fossa) a depression "inferior" to the spine of the scapula | infraspinous |
| bones of the palm near and distal to the carpal bones of the wrist | metacarpals |
| (fossa) a depression "superior" to the spine of the scapula | supraspinous |
| "softening" of bones tissue | osteomalacia |
| during this there is a "lack of" bone tissue | osteopenia |
| is movement "away from" the midline of the body | abduction |
| is movement "toward" the midline of the body | adduction |
| is a "slightly movable" joint | amphiarthrosis |
| is a "immovable" joint, such as a suture | synarthrosis |
| movement "around" a joint in a "circle" | circumduction |
| list the 4 main functions of the bones (Fat Pigs Love Soup & Pasta) | framework for body, protect brain & spinal cord, levers to produce movement, store calcium salts, and produce blood cells (in red marrow) |
| T/F Bones work with "muscles" to produce movement at the "joints" | true |
| bony framework of the body, consists of 206 bones | skeleton |
| which skeleton includes the bones of the "head" and "torso"? | axial |
| which skeleton includes the bones of the "extremities"? | appendicular |
| this type of bone makes up most of the "appendicular" skeleton | long bone |
| long narrow "shaft" of the long bone | diaphysis |
| "cavity" at the center of the diaphysis, "contains bone marrow" | medullary cavity |
| the end of a long bone, has two irregular ends "proximal" and "distal" ? | epiphysis |
| T/F Bones are "living organs" with their own systems of blood vessels and nerves | true |
| the bulk of each bone is composed of "bone tissue" known as | osseous tissue |
| T/F osseous tissue is the hardest form of connective tissue | true |
| build bone tissue, "Blasts Build" | osteoblasts |
| "mature" bone cells, maintain bone tissue | osteocytes |
| "white blood cell" known as (mnemonic) | monocyte |
| bone's hardness and strength reflect the components of what? (material between living bone cells) | matrix |
| is hard and long bone and the "outer" layer of other bones | compact bone |
| channel "in the center" of an osteon of compact bone, channel "in the center" of the spinal cord that contains CSF. | central canal, haversian canal |
| osteocytes live in "spaces" called? | lacunae |
| the matrix (material between the living bone cells) is rich in the protein _____ and _____ | collagen, calcium salts |
| what two substances are necessary for healthy bones? | minerals, collagen |
| without _____ bones would bend easily, but without _____ bones would shatter easily. | minerals, collagen |
| form channels across the bone from one side of the shaft to the other, permitting the passage of blood vessels and nerves (Volkmann) | perforating canals |
| subunit of compact bone, consisting of concentric rings of bone tissue around a central channel (haversian system) | osteon |
| known as "cancellous bone" has more spaces than compact bone | spongy bone |
| made of meshwork of small, bony plates filled with "red marrow" | spongy bone |
| found at the epiphyses (ends) of long bones and at the center of other bones | spongy bone |
| T/F Spongy bone lines the medullary cavity of long bones | true |
| ____ bone marrow "manufactures" "blood cells" | red |
| ____ marrow is found in "central cavities" of "long bones" | yellow |
| ____ marrow is composed largely of "fat" | yellow |
| bones are covered (except at the joint region) by a membrane called the ? composed of dense irregular connective tissue | periosteum |
| This membranes inner layer contains osteoblasts that build bone tissue and osteoclasts that break down bone tissue | periosteum |
| the conversion of cartilage to bone is known as ? | ossification |
| the _____ bones of the skull and other regions develop from (dense, irregular connective) tissue membranes instead of from cartilage. ______ deposit bone tissue within these fibrous membranes | Flat, osteoblasts |
| the anterior fontanel usually does not close until a child is how old? | 18 months |
| "soft spots" | fontanels |
| the process of bone formation begins in the earliest weeks of ______ life and continues into adulthood. | embryonic |
| primitive bone tissue is also known as | woven bone |
| the axial skeleton consist of how many bones? the appendicular consists of how many bones? totaling? | 80 bones, 126 bones, 206 bones |
| secondary bone-forming centers, develop across the ends of the bones | epiphyseal plates |
| thinner membrane, lines the bones marrow cavity, contains osteoblasts and osteoclasts | endosteum |
| what two sex hormones contribute to bone growth and maintenance? | estrogen and testosterone |
| consumed through diet, produced by the skin, promotes calcium absorption from the intestine | vitamin D |
| projection that's rounded, "knob-like" end | head |
| "large" projection of a bone | process |
| "rounded" projection | condyle |
| "sharp" projection from the surface of a bone (shoulder blade) | spine |
| a "hole" that allows vessels or nerves to pass through or between bones | foramen |
| a "cavity" or "hollow" space (most commonly, an air-filled chamber found in some skull bones) | sinus |
| a "depression" on a bone surface | fossa |
| a short channel or "passageway", usually the external opening of a canal (example, is the channel in the skull that leads to the inner ear) | meatus |
| the name of the cell that is a "bone-forming cell" | osteoblasts |
| the name of the cell that "resorbs" bone cell is | osteoclasts |
| the name of a "mature" bone cell is | osteocytes |
| the protein that is part of the matrix of bone is | collagen |
| the end of a long bone is the | epiphysis |
| the shaft of a long bone is the | diaphysis |
| red marrow contains ______ and is found in _____ bone. | blood cells, spongy |
| yellow marrow contains _____ and is found in the central cavities of ______ bones. | fat, long |
| the membrane that is the outer covering of bone is | periosteum |
| the membrane that lines the medullary canal is | endosteum |
| give a brief description of bone development (possible discussion) | occurs during a process known as ossification the conversion of cartilage to bone during the 2nd/3rd months of embryonic life |
| what compounds are deposited in the intracellular matrix of the embryonic skeleton to "harden" it? | calcium |
| what are the three types of cells found in bone, and what is the role of each? | osteoblasts (build bone tissue) osteocytes (maintain bone) osteoclasts (break down or resorb bone) |
| Reggie fractured the "proximal" end of a long bone. what is the scientific name for the bone region? | epiphysis |
| Would Reggie's fracture line contact red marrow or yellow marrow? | red |
| During the healing process of Reggie's fracture, which cell type would produce new bone tissue? | osteoblasts |
| what are the centers for secondary growth of a long bone called? | epiphyseal plates |
| which hormone stimulates osteoclast activity? (PTH) | Parathyroid hormone |
| what are some functions of bone markings? | help form joints, points for muscle attachments, allow passage of nerves and blood vessels |
| the bony framework of the head | skull |
| the skull is divided into two parts the _______ and ______ portion | cranium and facial |
| eye orbit is also known as | socket |
| fossae means ? | depressions |
| bone projections and fossae (depression) provide for ______ attachement. | muscle |
| T/F The temporal bones are inferior to the two parietal bones, which form most of the top and sides of the skull | true |
| bony plates that extend into the nasal cavity (think shell) | nasal conchae |
| light fragile bone located between the eyes | ethmoid bone |
| the mid-line partition in the nose | nasal septum |
Created by:
kcady1