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Pearson GCSE Chemistry

QuestionAnswer
What type of ions does a flame test detect? Metal ions
What colour flame do potassium ions produce? Lilac
What must be added to a solution to form a precipitate of a metal hydroxide? Sodium Hydroxide.
What colour is the precipitate formed when sodium hydroxide is added to a solution containing Fe2+ ions. Green
Solutions of both aluminium ions and calcium ions produce white precipitates. How are they differentiated? Add an excess of sodium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide dissolves but aluminium hydroxide does not dissolve.
How do you test for the presence of ammonium ions? Add sodium hydroxide, heat and test for ammonia gas using damp red litmus paper, which turns blue in the presence of ammonia.
Give two ways in which flame photometry is better than a traditional flame test. Two of:- More accurate, more sensitive, faster.
To test for a chloride ion, nitric acid is added followed by silver nitrate. What is the name and colour of the precipitate formed? Silver chloride which is white.
When testing for a sulphate ion, an acid is added followed by another solution, which produces a white precipitate. Which acid is used? What other solution is added? Hydrochloric acid, barium chloride.
How do you test for carbonate ions? Add an acid, pass the gas produced into limewater. If carbonate ions were present, the limewater turns cloudy.
Write the balanced equation for the reaction between sodium sulphate and barium chloride. Na2SO4(aq) + BaCl2(aq) --> 2NaCl(aq) + BaSO4(s)
Write the ionic equation for the reaction between copper ions and hydroxide ions to make a precipitate of copper(II)hydroxide? Cu2+(aq) + 2OH-(aq) --> Cu(OH)2(s)
What is the colour of the flame produced from a lithium containing compound? Crimson
What is the colour of the flame produced from a copper containing compound? Green
What is the colour of the flame produced from a sodium containing compound? Yellow
What is the colour of the flame produced from a potassium containing compound? lilac
What is the colour of the flame produced from a calcium containing compound? Orange-red
Other than flame tests, how can metal ions be identified? Use of sodium hydroxide
Which solutions produce white precipitates on addition of sodium hydroxide? Solutions containing aluminium, calcium ions
How can a solution of aluminium ions be distinguished from calcium ones? Its precipitate will dissolve in excess sodium hydroxide
What is the colour of the precipitate formed from the addition of sodium hydroxide to a solution containing copper (II) ions? Blue
What is the colour of the precipitate formed from the addition of sodium hydroxide to a solution containing iron(II) ions? Green
What is the colour of the precipitate formed from the addition of sodium hydroxide to a solution containing iron(III) ions? Brown
What is the test for carbonates? Add an acid to generate carbon dioxide gas
What is the test for halides? Add silver nitrate and nitric acid to generate a solid silver halide precipitate
What are the colours of the silver halides? Silver chloride white, silver bromide cream, silver iodide yellow
What is the test for sulphate ions? Add barium chloride and hydrochloric acid, forms white precipitate
How do we test for ammonia gas? Add damp red litmus paper it will turn blue.
What are the three advantages of instrumental methods? They are accurate (gives correct results), sensitive (only needs a small sample to work), rapid (a lot faster than other tests)
What is flame emission spectroscopy? An instrumental analysis tool for identifying metal ions
How is flame emissions spectroscopy carried out? Sample placed in a flame, light emitted is passed through a spectroscope to give a spectrum which can be compared to a reference
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