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Pathophysiology 4-6
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A patient is preparing to receive adjuvant therapy for cancer. What should the nurse tell the patient to reinforce teaching? This type of therapy: | is given after cancer surgery |
| A patient with cancer has poor muscle functioning and fatigue. Which cytokines/inflammatory mediators does the nurse suspect is causing these problems? | tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-1 |
| The nurse is seeking information about proto-oncogenes. Through a reputatble source the nurse learns that a proto-oncogene is: | a normal, nonmutant gene |
| A patient is experiencing leukopenia from cancer and chemotherapy treatment. Which condition should the nurse assess for in this patient? | infection |
| Which of the following is the leading cause of death in developed countries? A. cardiovascular disease B. cancer C. stroke D. sarcoma | B. cancer |
| A nurse is describing a process in which a piece of one chromosome is moved to another chromosome. What term should the nurse use to describe this process? | translocation |
| When explaining cancer that extends to organs or tissues distant from the site of origin, what term should the nurse use? A. apoptosis B. benign C. metastasis D. malignancy | C. metastasis |
| A nurse is describing the process of metastasis. Which is necessary in order for metastasis to occur? A. Decreased cellular motility B. Decreased cell adhesions C. temporary cessation of cell division D. proximity to body cavities | B. decreased cell adhesions |
| A nurse is teaching the staff about tissue loss in cancer wasting. Which information should the nurse include? A factor that contributes to the tissue loss in cancer wasting is: | the release of cytokines |
| Malignant tumors have a tendency to: A. grow slowly B. be encapsulated C. invade surrounding tissues D. stay localized and not metastasize | C. invade surrounding tissues |
| The development of sensory and motor symptoms in multiple sclerosis is caused by: | immunologic and inflammatory demyelination of central nervous system neurons |
| A patient ruptured the middle meningeal artery, resulting in an epidural hemorrhage. The nurse realizes that in this type of intracranial hemorrhage; the bleeding occurs between the dura mater and the: | skull |
| A nurse is describing the pathophysiology of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Which information should the nurse include? | impaired reabsorption of cerebrospinal fluid occurs |
| A nurse is describing the pathophysiology of myasthenia gravis. Which information should the nurse include? | This is an autoimmune disease mediated by antibodies against the acetylcholine receptors, resulting in defective nerve impulses. |
| Which statement indicates that the nurse understands the different types of headaches? One classification of headaches is called: A. cluster B. hemiparesis C. hematoma D. neurogenic | A. cluster |
| ALS is caused by: A. degeneration of lower and upper motor neurons B. neurofibromin, a tumor suppressing protein C. degenration of myelin in the brain and spinal cord D. spinal cord compression with radicular pain | A. degeneration of lower and upper motor neurons |
| A patient has Guillain-Barré. During the health history the nurse should ask about a history of: A. migraine headaches B. herniated disks C. subdural hematomas D. respiratory viral infections | D. respiratory viral infections |
| A patient with a spinal cord injury (T6 level) reports a headache. The patient's blood pressure is 296 systolic, and the patient is sweating. Which intervention is most appropriate? | check the patient's bladder |
| The nurse on a neurological unit is caring for several patients. Which patient is at highest risk for a cerebral vascular accident (stroke)? The patient with: | hypertension and diabetes |
| A nurse is discussing the pathophysiology of cerebral infarction. Which point is correct? Cerebral thrombosis develops most frequently from: | atherosclerosis |
| A nurse is preparing a presention on progressive neurological disorders. Which concept should be taught? | Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis—degenerative disorder of both upper and lower motor neurons |
| A patient has a spinal cord tumor that is causing an irritative syndrome. What does this imply to the nurse? | the patient is experiencing compression symptoms plus radicular pain |
| The nurse is caring for a patient with myasthenia gravis. If either a myasthenic or cholinergic crisis occurs, the nurse should: | monitor for respiratory arrest |
| A patient has a brief episode of neurological deficits that resolves within 12 hours with a return to normal functioning. Which diagnosis will the nurse observe documented on the chart? | transient ischemic attack |
| A patient developed a subdural hematoma within 12 hours of the injury. Which diagnosis will the nurse observe documented on the chart? | acute subdural hematoma |
| Which type of injury will the nurse prepare to care for when a patient has a diffuse brain injury? A. concussion B. focal brain injury C. multiple sclerosis D. myasthenia gravis | A. concussion |
| A patient with HIV has painful burning dysesthesias and paresthesias, especially in the extremities. What condition will the nurse see documented in the chart? | HIV neuropathy |
| Which intervertebral disks should the nurse assess first for herniation? A. C5-C7 B. T6-T8 C. T12-L3 D. L4-S1 | L4-S1 |
| In a patient with an epirdural hematoma, the nurse recalls that bleeding occurs between the skull and: A. arachnoid mater B. subarachnoid mater C. pia mater D. dura mater | D. dura mater |
| During the assessment of a patient with meningitis, the nurse wants to test for nuchal rigidity. Which test will the nurse implement? A. babinski B. Kernig C. temperature D. homan | B. kernig |
| A nurse is explaining variant genes to a group of nursing students. When discussing the retinoblastoma gene, what type of gene is the nurse describing? | a tumor suppressor gene |
| Which of the following treatments to help cancer-related or chemotherapy-related anemia should the nurse discuss with the patient? | erythropoietin |
| A nurse is describing the process of metastasis. Which is necessary in order for metastasis to occur? | decreased cell adhesions |
| The nurse should evaluate the cancer patient with fatigue for which of the following? | depression |
| Which statement made by the cancer patient indicates the need for more teaching? A major cause of cancer pain is: | cancer cells residing in lymph nodes |
| When a nurse is asked what usually causes encephalitis, what is the nurse's best answer? A. a viral infection B. a bacterial infection C. a parasitic infection D. a fungal infection | A. a viral infection |
| Autonomic hyperreflexia is caused by: | stimulation of sensory/pain receptors below the level of the spinal cord lesion |
| A nurse is describing the pathophysiology of a herniated disk. Which information should the nurse include? | the nucleus pulposus extrudes and compresses the nerve root |
Created by:
burchetj07